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Celestino Pio Lombardi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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neck complaints before and after uncomplicated Thyroidectomy prevalence postoperative outcome and relationships with Thyroid Weight and reflux like symptoms
Endocrine, 2021Co-Authors: Maria Raffaella Marchese, Rocco Domenico Alfonso Bellantone, Jacopo Galli, Francesco Sionne, Lucrezia Trozzi, Gaetano Paludetti, Lucia Dalatri, Annamaria Damore, Celestino Pio LombardiAbstract:PURPOSE The surgical Thyroid disease includes upper aerodigestive complaints with not homogenous prevalence and specific features. The purpose was to analyze before and after total Thyroidectomy (TT) the prevalence and severity of voice, swallowing, respiratory, and reflux airway symptoms in relation with Thyroid Weight. METHODS A total of 98 consenting patients undergoing TT were enrolled. Preoperatively, 1 and 3 months after TT, patients underwent videolaryngoscopy, subjective evaluation of voice (VIS), swallowing (SIS and EAT-10), respiratory (mMRC), and reflux symptoms (RSI, Gerd-Q). The scores were analyzed based on Thyroid Weight ( 75 gr) and post-operative score gain was calculated from the score before TT and the follow-up examination. RESULTS In total, 40/98 selected cases of uncomplicated TT completed the postoperative evaluation. Endoscopic signs suggestive of reflux disease were observed in 1/40 (2.5%) and 0/19 cases before and after TT respectively. The prevalence of cases with abnormal reflux symptom index decreased significantly after surgery (8/40 vs 1/40) (p < 0.05), similarly occurred for the Gerd-Q (4/40 vs 1/40) (p < 0.05). Three months after TT the voice, swallowing and respiratory scores were significantly lower than the preoperative ones (p < 0.05). The SIS correlated positively with EAT-10 and RSI. After 3 months the postoperative score gain of voice, swallowing, respiratory, and reflux symptoms (Gerd-Q) was statistically higher (p < 0.05) in the cases with heaviest gland. CONCLUSIONS The surgical Thyroid disease is associated to mild aerodigestive preoperative compressive symptoms, that include respiratory abnormalities and reflux like symptoms, regardless of the gland Weight. In absence of endoscopic signs of airway reflux the presence of reflux symptoms suggests an overlapping with Thyroid neck complaints. The patients undergoing uncomplicated TT had improvement in compressive symptoms and the greatest improvement is seen in larger goiters.
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Neck complaints before and after uncomplicated Thyroidectomy: prevalence, postoperative outcome and relationships with Thyroid Weight and reflux like symptoms
Endocrine, 2021Co-Authors: Maria Raffaella Marchese, Jacopo Galli, Lucia D’alatri, Annamaria D’amore, Francesco Sionne, Lucrezia Trozzi, Gaetano Paludetti, Rocco Bellantone, Celestino Pio LombardiAbstract:Purpose The surgical Thyroid disease includes upper aerodigestive complaints with not homogenous prevalence and specific features. The purpose was to analyze before and after total Thyroidectomy (TT) the prevalence and severity of voice, swallowing, respiratory, and reflux airway symptoms in relation with Thyroid Weight. Methods A total of 98 consenting patients undergoing TT were enrolled. Preoperatively, 1 and 3 months after TT, patients underwent videolaryngoscopy, subjective evaluation of voice (VIS), swallowing (SIS and EAT-10), respiratory (mMRC), and reflux symptoms (RSI, Gerd-Q). The scores were analyzed based on Thyroid Weight (75 gr) and post-operative score gain was calculated from the score before TT and the follow-up examination. Results In total, 40/98 selected cases of uncomplicated TT completed the postoperative evaluation. Endoscopic signs suggestive of reflux disease were observed in 1/40 (2.5%) and 0/19 cases before and after TT respectively. The prevalence of cases with abnormal reflux symptom index decreased significantly after surgery (8/40 vs 1/40) ( p
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predictive factors for recurrence after Thyroid lobectomy for unilateral non toxic goiter in an endemic area results of a multivariate analysis
Surgery, 2004Co-Authors: Rocco Domenico Alfonso Bellantone, Celestino Pio Lombardi, Mauro Boscherini, Marco Raffaelli, Vincenzo Tondolo, Pier Francesco Alesina, Salvatore Maria Corsello, Danilo Fintini, Maurizio BossolaAbstract:Background The aim of the study was to identify the factors that are predictive of recurrence after Thyroid lobectomy for unilateral non-toxic Thyroid goiter in an endemic region through a multivariate analysis. Methods Two hundred sixty-eight consecutive patients who underwent Thyroid lobectomy and who were evaluated by the same endocrinologist were included. Univariate and multivariate analysis analyzed the relationship between sex, age, preoperative Thyroid-stimulating hormone, duration of disease, duration of levothyroxine (LT4) preoperative therapy, cytologic results, histologic results, resected Thyroid Weight, numbers and diameters of Thyroid nodules, morphologic alterations of the remnant lobe, follow-up length, postoperative LT4 therapy, ultrasonographic evidence of recurrence, and reoperation. Results The incidence of recurrence was 33.9% (91/268 patients) after a mean follow-up time of 79.9 months (range, 12-251 months), female sex ( P = .016), multiple nodules ( P = .017), and lack of postoperative LT4 therapy ( P = .0009) were predictive factors of recurrence. Reoperation was performed in 20 patients (7.4%); factors that were predictive of reoperation were the presence of multiple nodules ( P = .008), resected Thyroid Weight ( P = .00006), and lack of postoperative hormonal therapy ( P = .0005). Conclusions Thyroid lobectomy for unilateral non-toxic goiter, when combined with suppressive or substitutive thyroxin therapy, resulted in a low rate of recurrence and reoperation in an endemic area.
Soon Young Han - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Repeated 28-day oral toxicity study of ketoconazole in rats based on the draft protocol for the “Enhanced OECD Test Guideline No. 407” to detect endocrine effects
Archives of Toxicology, 2006Co-Authors: Jae-ho Shin, Hyun Ju Moon, Tae Sung Kim, Il Hyun Kang, In Young Kim, In Sook Park, Hyung Sik Kim, Eui Bae Jeung, Soon Young HanAbstract:We performed a 28-day repeated-dose toxicity study of ketoconazole, a widely used an antimycotic drug, based on the draft protocol of the “Enhanced OECD Test Guideline 407” (Enhanced TG407) to investigate whether ketoconazole has endocrine-mediated properties according to this assay. Seven-week-old SD rats were administered with ketoconazole daily by oral gavage at doses of 0, 6.25, 25 or 100 mg kg^−1 day^−1 for at least 28 days. The ketoconazole-treated male rats showed reduction of epididymis and accessory sex organ Weights, spermatid retention in the seminiferous tubules, decrease of testosterone and increases of estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH). A prolongation of the estrous cycle and increases of estradiol, LH and FSH were observed in the treated female rats. Thyroxin and triiodothyronine were decreased and Thyroid-stimulating hormone was increased in both sexes; however, there were no compound-related microscopic lesions in the Thyroid gland or changes in the Thyroid Weight. The endocrine-related effects of ketoconazole could be detected by the parameters examined in the present study based on the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) protocol, suggesting that the Enhanced TG407 protocol should be a suitable screening test for detection of endocrine-mediated effects of chemicals.
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Repeated 28-day oral toxicity study of vinclozolin in rats based on the draft protocol for the “Enhanced OECD Test Guideline No. 407” to detect endocrine effects
Archives of Toxicology, 2006Co-Authors: Jae-ho Shin, Hyun Ju Moon, Tae Sung Kim, Il Hyun Kang, Kwang Sik Choi, Soon Young HanAbstract:We performed a 28-day repeated-dose toxicity study of vinclozolin, a widely used fungicide, based on the draft protocol of the “Enhanced OECD Test Guideline 407” (Enhanced TG407) to investigate whether vinclozolin has endocrine-mediated properties according to this assay. Seven-week-old SD rats were administered with vinclozolin daily by oral gavage at dose rates of 0, 3.125, 12.5, 50 and 200 mg/kg/day for at least 28 days. The vinclozolin-treated male rats showed a reduction of epididymis and accessory sex organ Weights and an alteration of hormonal patterns. A slight prolongation of the estrous cycle and changes in the estrogen/testosterone ratio and luteinizing hormone level were observed in vinclozolin-treated female rats. Thyroxin concentrations were decreased and Thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations were increased in both sexes; however, there were no compound-related microscopic lesions in the Thyroid gland or changes in the Thyroid Weight. The endocrine-related effects of vinclozolin could be detected by the parameters examined in the present study based on the OECD protocol, suggesting the Enhanced TG407 protocol should be a suitable screening test for the detection of endocrine-mediated effects of chemicals.
B. Van Ravenzwaay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of mechanisms inducing Thyroid toxicity and the ability of the enhanced OECD Test Guideline 407 to detect these changes
Archives of Toxicology, 2005Co-Authors: G. Coelho-palermo Cunha, B. Van RavenzwaayAbstract:The OECD has developed an “enhanced Test Guideline 407” (TG 407) protocol for detecting endocrine effects during the course of a 28-day testing scheme. This protocol has gone through a validation process with (anti)estrogenic and (anti)androgenic compounds and substances that affect the Thyroid (thyroxine and propylthiouracil). This review investigates whether a 28-day testing scheme would show up alterations in the Thyroid-related parameters of the “enhanced TG 407” (T3, T4, TSH, Thyroid Weight and histopathology), irrespective of the mode of action. For each mode of action, a generally accepted reference chemical was selected and an in-depth literature survey was carried out, and the chemical was evaluated for treatment-related changes of Thyroid-dependent parameters. The following model chemicals were selected: ion perchlorate, blockage of iodine uptake; propylthiouracil, inhibition of Thyroid hormone synthesis; excess of iodine, blockage of Thyroid hormone release; pyrazole, Thyroid cytotoxicity; minocycline, Thyroid pigmentation; amiodarone, inhibition of TSH synthesis; diethylstilbestrol, competition for Thyroid hormone binding globulin; selenium-deficient diet, inhibition of thyroxine deiodination; FD&C Red No. 3, inhibition of peripheral 5′-deiodinase; cadmium, lipid peroxidation; phenobarbital, increase in thyroxine conjugation and biliary excretion; temelastine, thyroxine accumulation. Test data for treatments lasting approximately one month were available for most of these model chemicals, and these demonstrated the expected Thyroid-related changes. Thus, it can be concluded that a 28-day testing scheme allows for the detection of Thyroid-disrupting chemicals. The literature data also were evaluated according to whether preference can be given to any of the Thyroid-related parameters (Thyroid/pituitary hormones, Thyroid Weight and histopathology) with regard to dose-related sensitivities. Due to different study designs (such as treatment duration, application mode, dose selection and parameters used), no clear picture emerged. Therefore, consideration should be given to all of these parameters, which should also help to define the mode of action. Overall, this literature review provides support for the contention that the newly developed “enhanced TG 407” test protocol is well suited to the detection of chemicals that affect the Thyroid gland.
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Evaluation of mechanisms inducing Thyroid toxicity and the ability of the enhanced OECD Test Guideline 407 to detect these changes.
Archives of toxicology, 2005Co-Authors: G. Coelho-palermo Cunha, B. Van RavenzwaayAbstract:The OECD has developed an “enhanced Test Guideline 407” (TG 407) protocol for detecting endocrine effects during the course of a 28-day testing scheme. This protocol has gone through a validation process with (anti)estrogenic and (anti)androgenic compounds and substances that affect the Thyroid (thyroxine and propylthiouracil). This review investigates whether a 28-day testing scheme would show up alterations in the Thyroid-related parameters of the “enhanced TG 407” (T3, T4, TSH, Thyroid Weight and histopathology), irrespective of the mode of action. For each mode of action, a generally accepted reference chemical was selected and an in-depth literature survey was carried out, and the chemical was evaluated for treatment-related changes of Thyroid-dependent parameters. The following model chemicals were selected: ion perchlorate, blockage of iodine uptake; propylthiouracil, inhibition of Thyroid hormone synthesis; excess of iodine, blockage of Thyroid hormone release; pyrazole, Thyroid cytotoxicity; minocycline, Thyroid pigmentation; amiodarone, inhibition of TSH synthesis; diethylstilbestrol, competition for Thyroid hormone binding globulin; selenium-deficient diet, inhibition of thyroxine deiodination; FDC cadmium, lipid peroxidation; phenobarbital, increase in thyroxine conjugation and biliary excretion; temelastine, thyroxine accumulation. Test data for treatments lasting approximately one month were available for most of these model chemicals, and these demonstrated the expected Thyroid-related changes. Thus, it can be concluded that a 28-day testing scheme allows for the detection of Thyroid-disrupting chemicals. The literature data also were evaluated according to whether preference can be given to any of the Thyroid-related parameters (Thyroid/pituitary hormones, Thyroid Weight and histopathology) with regard to dose-related sensitivities. Due to different study designs (such as treatment duration, application mode, dose selection and parameters used), no clear picture emerged. Therefore, consideration should be given to all of these parameters, which should also help to define the mode of action. Overall, this literature review provides support for the contention that the newly developed “enhanced TG 407” test protocol is well suited to the detection of chemicals that affect the Thyroid gland.
David J. Hill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Enhanced expression of transforming growth factor-β1 during Thyroid hyperplasia in rats
Journal of Endocrinology, 1994Co-Authors: Ann Logan, C. Smith, G P Becks, Ana M. Gonzalez, I. D. Phillips, David J. HillAbstract:Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) has been reported to influence the growth rate and iodine uptake and organification in vitro by isolated thyrocytes. We have determined changes in the expression and presence of TGF-beta 1 within the rat Thyroid during goitre induction, and subsequent involution following goitrogen withdrawal. Hyperplastic goitres were induced in adult rats by administration of methimazole together with a low iodine diet for up to 12 weeks. Goitrogen-treated rats quickly became hypoThyroid compared with controls, and exhibited Thyroid hyperplasia and hypertrophy assessed by Thyroid Weight, and DNA and protein content (control: total serum thyroxine (T4) 66 +/- 4 nmol/l, Thyroid Weight 5 +/- 1 mg/100 g body Weight, mean +/- S.D., n = 10; 2 weeks goitrogen: T4 undetectable, Thyroid Weight 27 +/- 4 mg/100 g, n = 10). Thyroid growth rate slowed subsequently between 2 and 10 weeks. Messenger RNA for TGF-beta 1 was compared in the Thyroids and livers of control and goitrous rats by ribonuclease protection assay. Low levels of mRNA for TGF-beta 1 were detected in Thyroids from control rats at all time-points, while TGF-beta 1 mRNA was barely detectable in liver. Thyroid TGF-beta 1 mRNA levels substantially and progressively increased at 1 and 2 weeks of goitrogen treatment respectively, and remained above control levels at 4 and 10 weeks. As Thyroid involution occurred 4 weeks following goitrogen withdrawal, so Thyroid TGF-beta 1 mRNA levels declined. In control animals, the cellular localization of TGF-beta 1 mRNA, determined by in situ hybridization, was found to be a subpopulation of follicular epithelial cells, and immunohistochemical co-localization of TGF-beta 1 and calcitonin identified these tentatively as parafollicular or C-cells. During goitre formation, abundant TGF-beta 1 mRNA and peptide were found to be widely distributed within the entire follicular epithelium. While this ubiquitous distribution had largely disappeared in the involuting gland, TGF-beta 1 peptide was retained within the parafollicular cells, which appeared more abundant than in Thyroids from control animals. These results suggest that an increased local expression of TGF-beta 1, a putative growth inhibitor, during Thyroid hyperplasia may contribute to the temporal stabilization of goitre size.
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Increase of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and FGF receptor messenger RNA during rat Thyroid hyperplasia: temporal changes and cellular distribution.
Journal of Endocrinology, 1994Co-Authors: G P Becks, Ann Logan, C. Smith, I. D. Phillips, J F Wang, Desousa D, David J. HillAbstract:Goitre was induced in adult rats by acute (1 or 2 weeks) or chronic (4 or 10 weeks) administration of methimazole together with a low iodine diet. Involution of Thyroid growth was then observed at 16 weeks, 4 weeks after withdrawal of goitrogens and reversion to a normal diet. Experimental animals quickly became hypoThyroid compared with controls and exhibited Thyroid hyperplasia (control (n = 10): total serum thyroxine (T4) 66 +/- 4 nmol/l, Thyroid Weight 5 +/- 1 mg/100 g body Weight, means +/- S.D.; experimental (n = 10): T4 undetectable, Thyroid Weight 27 +/- 4 mg/100 g body Weight after 2 weeks of treatment). Thyroid growth rate subsequently slowed between 2 and 10 weeks. Messenger RNA for basic fibroblast growth factor (basic FGF) and for the high-affinity FGF receptor, was compared in the Thyroids and livers of control and goitrous rats by ribonuclease protection assay. Low levels of mRNA for basic FGF and its receptor were detectable in Thyroids from control rats at all times, while none was detected in the livers from any animal. Basic FGF and receptor mRNAs increased, and were detected at greatest abundance in hyperplastic Thyroids at 1 and 2 weeks respectively, during goitre formation, but subsequently declined in parallel with Thyroid growth rate at 4 and 10 weeks. When quantified by radioimmunoassay, basic FGF extracted from Thyroids was fivefold greater than in controls after 1 week of goitrogen treatment (control (n = 4): 24 +/- 9 pmol/micrograms DNA; goitre (n = 4): 100 +/- 16 pmol/micrograms DNA; P < 0.05). Basic FGF and FGF receptor mRNAs localized by in situ hybridization predominantly to the epithelial cell population within follicles. Localization by immunohistochemistry demonstrated that basic FGF was present in the Thyroids of control rats, and was largely associated with the basement membrane of follicles. During Thyroid hyperplasia, increased basic FGF immunoreactivity appeared over the cytoplasm of follicular epithelial cells and was lost from the extracellular matrix. Thyroid involution following removal of goitrogen/low iodine treatment was associated with a decrease in mRNA for basic FGF or its receptor, and a loss of immunoreactive basic FGF from the cytoplasm of follicular cells. These results suggest that autocrine expression of basic FGF and FGF receptor could contribute to Thyroid hyperplasia in rats.
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altered expression of insulin like growth factor i igf i and igf binding proteins during rat Thyroid hyperplasia and involution
Growth Factors Journal, 1994Co-Authors: I. D. Phillips, C. Smith, G P Becks, A Logan, J F Wanc, David J. HillAbstract:AbstractWe have investigated changes in the synthesis and localization of insulin-like growth factor (1GF)-I and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) in Thyroid tissues during the induction of goitre in iodine-deficient rats, and during the subsequent involution of the gland following goitrogen withdrawal. Goitre was induced in adult rats by acute (1 or 2 weeks) or chronic (4 or 10 weeks) administration of methimazole together with a low iodine diet. After twelve weeks the goitrogenic stimuli were removed and Thyroids examined 4 weeks later. Circulating T4 levels became undetectable within two weeks of goitrogen administration while Thyroid Weight had increased five-fold. The Thyroids continued to increase in size up to 10 weeks, but at a slower growth rate. IGF-I mRNA, detected by ribonuclease protection assay, was present in the control rat Thyroid and increased in abundance after both 1 and 2 weeks of goitrogen administration. Levels of IGF-I mRNA showed a relative decline with prolonged goitrogen administrat...
Jae-ho Shin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Repeated 28-day oral toxicity study of ketoconazole in rats based on the draft protocol for the “Enhanced OECD Test Guideline No. 407” to detect endocrine effects
Archives of Toxicology, 2006Co-Authors: Jae-ho Shin, Hyun Ju Moon, Tae Sung Kim, Il Hyun Kang, In Young Kim, In Sook Park, Hyung Sik Kim, Eui Bae Jeung, Soon Young HanAbstract:We performed a 28-day repeated-dose toxicity study of ketoconazole, a widely used an antimycotic drug, based on the draft protocol of the “Enhanced OECD Test Guideline 407” (Enhanced TG407) to investigate whether ketoconazole has endocrine-mediated properties according to this assay. Seven-week-old SD rats were administered with ketoconazole daily by oral gavage at doses of 0, 6.25, 25 or 100 mg kg^−1 day^−1 for at least 28 days. The ketoconazole-treated male rats showed reduction of epididymis and accessory sex organ Weights, spermatid retention in the seminiferous tubules, decrease of testosterone and increases of estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH). A prolongation of the estrous cycle and increases of estradiol, LH and FSH were observed in the treated female rats. Thyroxin and triiodothyronine were decreased and Thyroid-stimulating hormone was increased in both sexes; however, there were no compound-related microscopic lesions in the Thyroid gland or changes in the Thyroid Weight. The endocrine-related effects of ketoconazole could be detected by the parameters examined in the present study based on the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) protocol, suggesting that the Enhanced TG407 protocol should be a suitable screening test for detection of endocrine-mediated effects of chemicals.
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Repeated 28-day oral toxicity study of vinclozolin in rats based on the draft protocol for the “Enhanced OECD Test Guideline No. 407” to detect endocrine effects
Archives of Toxicology, 2006Co-Authors: Jae-ho Shin, Hyun Ju Moon, Tae Sung Kim, Il Hyun Kang, Kwang Sik Choi, Soon Young HanAbstract:We performed a 28-day repeated-dose toxicity study of vinclozolin, a widely used fungicide, based on the draft protocol of the “Enhanced OECD Test Guideline 407” (Enhanced TG407) to investigate whether vinclozolin has endocrine-mediated properties according to this assay. Seven-week-old SD rats were administered with vinclozolin daily by oral gavage at dose rates of 0, 3.125, 12.5, 50 and 200 mg/kg/day for at least 28 days. The vinclozolin-treated male rats showed a reduction of epididymis and accessory sex organ Weights and an alteration of hormonal patterns. A slight prolongation of the estrous cycle and changes in the estrogen/testosterone ratio and luteinizing hormone level were observed in vinclozolin-treated female rats. Thyroxin concentrations were decreased and Thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations were increased in both sexes; however, there were no compound-related microscopic lesions in the Thyroid gland or changes in the Thyroid Weight. The endocrine-related effects of vinclozolin could be detected by the parameters examined in the present study based on the OECD protocol, suggesting the Enhanced TG407 protocol should be a suitable screening test for the detection of endocrine-mediated effects of chemicals.