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Michael G. Gardner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the natural history of the sleepy lizard Tiliqua rugosa gray 1825 insight from chance observations and long term research on a common australian skink species
Austral Ecology, 2020Co-Authors: Gerrut Norval, Michael G. GardnerAbstract:In an effort to better understand the dynamics of the parapatric boundary in South Australia of the ticks Amblyomma limbatum and Bothriocroton hydrosauri the late Professor C. Michael Bull initiated studies into the ecology of sleepy lizards (Tiliqua rugosa), a common host of these parasites. These studies spanned a period of about 40 years and examined aspects such as monogamy, long‐term mate fidelity, social networks, personality, resource use and the transmission of parasites and other pathogens. This review incorporates the results of these studies with other information about this species to provide a comprehensive overview of its natural history, highlighting not only what is known, but also indicates areas that require further study.
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taking stock a review of the known parasites of the sleepy lizard Tiliqua rugosa gray 1825 a common lizard endemic to australia
Transactions of The Royal Society of South Australia, 2019Co-Authors: Gerrut Norval, Kirstin Ross, Robert D Sharrad, Michael G. GardnerAbstract:Parasitism is a very common life strategy and although it results in harm to the host, it plays a vital ecological role in host population and community dynamics. The sleepy lizard, Tiliqua rugosa,...
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rickettsia detected in the reptile tick bothriocroton hydrosauri from the lizard Tiliqua rugosa in south australia
Pathogenetics, 2016Co-Authors: Harriet Whiley, Michael G. Gardner, Kirstin Ross, Georgie Custance, Stephen Graves, John Stenos, Michael TaylorAbstract:Rickettsiosis is a potentially fatal tick borne disease. It is caused by the obligate intracellular bacteria Rickettsia, which is transferred to humans through salivary excretions of ticks during the biting process. Globally, the incidence of tick-borne diseases is increasing; as such, there is a need for a greater understanding of tick-host interactions to create more informed risk management strategies. Flinders Island spotted fever rickettsioses has been identified throughout Australia (Tasmania, South Australia, Queensland and Torres Strait Islands) with possible identifications in Thailand, Sri Lanka and Italy. Flinders Island spotted fever is thought to be spread through tick bites and the reptile tick Bothriocroton hydrosauri has been implicated as a vector in this transmission. This study used qPCR to assay Bothriocroton hydrosauri ticks collected from Tiliqua rugosa (sleepy lizard) hosts on mainland South Australia near where spotted fever cases have been identified. We report that, although we discovered Rickettsia in all tick samples, it was not Rickettsia honei. This study is the first to use PCR to positively identify Rickettsia from South Australian Bothriocroton hydrosauri ticks collected from Tiliqua rugosa (sleepy lizard) hosts. These findings suggest that B. hydrosauri may be a vector of multiple Rickettsia spp. Also as all 41 tested B. hydrosauri ticks were positive for Rickettsia this indicates an extremely high prevalence within the studied area in South Australia.
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mhc in a monogamous lizard characterization of class i mhc genes in the australian skink Tiliqua rugosa
Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 2015Co-Authors: Talat Hojat Ansari, Michael G. Gardner, Terry Bertozzi, Robert D MillerAbstract:The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a highly variable region of vertebrate genomes that encodes cellular proteins involved in the immune response. In addition to the benefits of MHC research in understanding the genetic basis of host resistance to disease, the MHC is an ideal candidate for studying genetic diversity under strong natural selection. However, the MHC of many non-model vertebrate taxa are poorly characterized, hindering an understanding of disease resistance and its application to conservation genetics in these groups. Squamates (lizards and snakes) remain particularly underrepresented despite their being the most diverse order of non-avian sauropsids. We characterized MHC class I sequence diversity from an Australian skink, the sleepy lizard (Tiliqua rugosa), using both cDNA and genomic sequence data and also present genomic class I sequences from the related skinks Tiliqua adelaidensis and Egernia stokesii. Phylogenetic analysis of Tiliqua and other published sqamate MHC class I sequences suggest that MHC diverged very early in Tiliqua compared with the other studied squamates. We identified at least 4 classical MHC class I loci in T. rugosa and also shared polymorphism among T. rugosa, T. adelaidensis and E. stokesii in the sequences encoding peptide-binding α1 and α2 domains.
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random non coding fragments of lizard dna anonymous nuclear loci for the australian skink Tiliqua rugosa and their utility in other egernia group species
Australian Journal of Zoology, 2014Co-Authors: Talat Hojat Ansari, Steven J. B. Cooper, Michael G. Gardner, Terry Bertozzi, Jessica HackingAbstract:We report the development of 48 anonymous nuclear loci from the Australian skink Tiliqua rugosa using 454 sequencing. These loci amplified across a Western Australian lineage (47 loci), a ‘northern’ lineage (48 loci) and a ‘southern’ lineage (46 loci). We further tested amplification for the related T. adelaidensis and Egernia stokesii where 37 and 34 loci amplified respectively. The loci showed variability within T. rugosa (22 polymorphic loci) and at least 27 loci also exhibited variation among the three species, highlighting the usefulness of these markers for phylogenetic, phylogeographic and population genetic analyses in T. rugosa and related species.
Josefina Méndez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Geographical variation in shell shape of the pod razor shell Ensis siliqua (Bivalvia: Pharidae)
Helgoland Marine Research, 2013Co-Authors: Marta M. Rufino, Josefina Méndez, Juan Fernández-tajes, Paulo Vasconcelos, Fábio Pereira, Susana Darriba, Miguel B. GasparAbstract:The present study assessed the existence of variation in the shell shape of the pod razor shell ( Ensis siliqua ) throughout its distributional range in the north-eastern Atlantic. Shells of E. siliqua caught at seven collecting sites (three in Portugal, three in Spain and one in Ireland) were studied by geometric morphometric methods, using both landmark- and contour-based methods. Both approaches (landmarks inside the valves and shell outline) discriminated the shells from Aveiro (centre of Portugal) and Strangford Lough (Ireland) from those caught in the nearby localities (remaining Portuguese and Spanish sites, maximum distance of 550 km by sea). Landmark analysis revealed that shells from Aveiro were more similar to shells from Ireland (~1,500 km far away). Contour analysis revealed that shells from Aveiro had a shape with a comparatively larger height-to-width ratio, whereas shells from Ireland showed a slightly more curved outline than in the remaining sites. Landmark- and contour-based methods provided coherent complementary information, confirming the usefulness of geometric morphometric analyses for discerning differences in shell shape among populations of E. siliqua . A brief review of previous applications of geometric morphometric methods to modern bivalve species is also provided.
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sharp decrease of genetic variation in two spanish localities of razor clam ensis siliqua natural fluctuation or prestige oil spill effects
Ecotoxicology, 2012Co-Authors: Juan Fernandeztajes, Alberto Ariasperez, M Fernandezmoreno, Josefina MéndezAbstract:Pollution is one of the main concerns in marine ecosystems nowadays. Environmental anthropogenic-mediated toxicants may affect genetic diversity both at the individual and ecosystem levels and may also alter the genetic structure of populations. This study examined the temporal pattern of genetic diversity among populations of the benthic bivalve Ensis siliqua in two locations of Galicia, following the Prestige oil spillage. On November 13, 2002 the oil tanker Prestige sank at 240 km from Galician coast and 63,000 tonnes of heavy fuel were released to the marine environment. E. siliqua samples were sampled between 2001 and 2006. Genetic variation was assessed by means of Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). A significant decrease in genetic diversity was observed for the 2006 samples. Nei’s genetic distance, fixation index (PhiPT), and PCA values also supported differences in the 2006 samples. We hypothesize that the temporal genetic variation observed in E. siliqua populations is due to a strong effect of genetic drift caused by a reduction in population size and that the indirect effects of the Prestige spill possibly caused this reduction.
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Identification of razor clams Ensis arcuatus and Ensis siliqua by PCR-RFLP analysis of ITS1 region
Fisheries Science, 2008Co-Authors: Ruth Freire, Juan Fernández-tajes, Josefina MéndezAbstract:Ensis arcuatus and Ensis siliqua are the most economically important species of razor clams in the European Union. Due to similarities between their shell morphology, and the differing retail value, these species are often misidentified. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an appropriate protocol to allow accurate differentiation between these species of razor clam in order to protect consumer rights, avoid commercial fraud (whether intentional or unintentional), and to enforce labeling and safety regulations. With the aim of developing a rapid and reliable method of differentiation, individuals of E. arcuatus and of E. siliqua were examined by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using the internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS1). A species-specific restriction endonuclease pattern was found with the enzyme Kspl for both species, allowing their exact identification. Thus, this work provides a simple, reliable and rapid protocol for accurate discrimination between E. arcuatus and E. siliqua, which proves useful for traceability and enabling the enforcement of labeling regulations.
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identification of the razor clam species ensis arcuatus e siliqua e directus e macha and solen marginatus using pcr rflp analysis of the 5s rdna region
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Juan Fernandeztajes, Josefina MéndezAbstract:Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the 5S ribosomal DNA region has been applied to the establishment of DNA-based molecular markers for the identification of five razor clam species: Ensis arcuatus, E. siliqua, E. directus, E. macha, and Solen marginatus. PCR amplifications were carried out using a pair of universal primers from the coding region of 5S rDNA. S. marginatus was simply distinguished by the different size of the amplicons obtained. Species-specific restriction endonuclease patterns were found with the enzymes Hae III for E. arcuatus, E. siliqua, and E. directus, and Acs I for E. macha, and when two enzymes were combined, the four species were also identified. Thus, this work provides a simple, reliable, and rapid protocol for the accurate identification of Ensis and Solen species in fresh and canned products, which is very useful for traceability and to enforce labeling regulations. Keywords: Species identification; razor clam; Ens...
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identification of the razor clam species ensis arcuatus e siliqua e directus e macha and solen marginatus using pcr rflp analysis of the 5s rdna region
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Juan Fernandeztajes, Josefina MéndezAbstract:Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the 5S ribosomal DNA region has been applied to the establishment of DNA-based molecular markers for the identification of five razor clam species: Ensis arcuatus, E. siliqua, E. directus, E. macha, and Solen marginatus. PCR amplifications were carried out using a pair of universal primers from the coding region of 5S rDNA. S. marginatus was simply distinguished by the different size of the amplicons obtained. Species-specific restriction endonuclease patterns were found with the enzymes Hae III for E. arcuatus, E. siliqua, and E. directus, and Acs I for E. macha, and when two enzymes were combined, the four species were also identified. Thus, this work provides a simple, reliable, and rapid protocol for the accurate identification of Ensis and Solen species in fresh and canned products, which is very useful for traceability and to enforce labeling regulations.
Juan Fernandeztajes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sharp decrease of genetic variation in two spanish localities of razor clam ensis siliqua natural fluctuation or prestige oil spill effects
Ecotoxicology, 2012Co-Authors: Juan Fernandeztajes, Alberto Ariasperez, M Fernandezmoreno, Josefina MéndezAbstract:Pollution is one of the main concerns in marine ecosystems nowadays. Environmental anthropogenic-mediated toxicants may affect genetic diversity both at the individual and ecosystem levels and may also alter the genetic structure of populations. This study examined the temporal pattern of genetic diversity among populations of the benthic bivalve Ensis siliqua in two locations of Galicia, following the Prestige oil spillage. On November 13, 2002 the oil tanker Prestige sank at 240 km from Galician coast and 63,000 tonnes of heavy fuel were released to the marine environment. E. siliqua samples were sampled between 2001 and 2006. Genetic variation was assessed by means of Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). A significant decrease in genetic diversity was observed for the 2006 samples. Nei’s genetic distance, fixation index (PhiPT), and PCA values also supported differences in the 2006 samples. We hypothesize that the temporal genetic variation observed in E. siliqua populations is due to a strong effect of genetic drift caused by a reduction in population size and that the indirect effects of the Prestige spill possibly caused this reduction.
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identification of the razor clam species ensis arcuatus e siliqua e directus e macha and solen marginatus using pcr rflp analysis of the 5s rdna region
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Juan Fernandeztajes, Josefina MéndezAbstract:Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the 5S ribosomal DNA region has been applied to the establishment of DNA-based molecular markers for the identification of five razor clam species: Ensis arcuatus, E. siliqua, E. directus, E. macha, and Solen marginatus. PCR amplifications were carried out using a pair of universal primers from the coding region of 5S rDNA. S. marginatus was simply distinguished by the different size of the amplicons obtained. Species-specific restriction endonuclease patterns were found with the enzymes Hae III for E. arcuatus, E. siliqua, and E. directus, and Acs I for E. macha, and when two enzymes were combined, the four species were also identified. Thus, this work provides a simple, reliable, and rapid protocol for the accurate identification of Ensis and Solen species in fresh and canned products, which is very useful for traceability and to enforce labeling regulations. Keywords: Species identification; razor clam; Ens...
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identification of the razor clam species ensis arcuatus e siliqua e directus e macha and solen marginatus using pcr rflp analysis of the 5s rdna region
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Juan Fernandeztajes, Josefina MéndezAbstract:Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the 5S ribosomal DNA region has been applied to the establishment of DNA-based molecular markers for the identification of five razor clam species: Ensis arcuatus, E. siliqua, E. directus, E. macha, and Solen marginatus. PCR amplifications were carried out using a pair of universal primers from the coding region of 5S rDNA. S. marginatus was simply distinguished by the different size of the amplicons obtained. Species-specific restriction endonuclease patterns were found with the enzymes Hae III for E. arcuatus, E. siliqua, and E. directus, and Acs I for E. macha, and when two enzymes were combined, the four species were also identified. Thus, this work provides a simple, reliable, and rapid protocol for the accurate identification of Ensis and Solen species in fresh and canned products, which is very useful for traceability and to enforce labeling regulations.
Gianluca Picariello - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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integrated analytical methods to characterize lipids from prosopis spp and ceratonia siliqua seed germ flour
Food Analytical Methods, 2018Co-Authors: Francesco Siano, Leonardo Pablo Sciammaro, Maria Grazia Volpe, Gianfranco Mamone, Maria Cecilia Puppo, Gianluca PicarielloAbstract:Flour from seed germ of European carob (Ceratonia siliqua) and South American algarrobo (Prosopis spp.) is a potential ingredient for health-promoting baked products. Herein, lipids from germ of three Argentinean Prosopis (P. alba, P. nigra, and P. ruscifolia) and one European carob species were characterized in detail, exploiting an array of up-to-date analytical techniques. Total lipids ranged from 7.1 to 8.1% (w/w). Linoleic acid (C18:2, ω-6) predominated the GC flame ionization detector profiles of fatty acid in all samples (43.3–50.6%). Prosopis spp. contained 6–7% of C20–C24 fatty acids and, consistently, C56–C60 triacylglycerols, as detected by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS), which were practically missing in C. siliqua germ. Phospholipids were isolated by hydroxyapatite chromatography, characterized by MALDI-TOF MS and grossly quantified by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Because of a relatively high content (9.5–11.8%, v/v), phospholipids might increase the antioxidant potential and improve the baking performances of flour fortified with carob and algarrobo seed germ.
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comparative analysis of c glycosidic flavonoids from prosopis spp and ceratonia siliqua seed germ flour
Food Research International, 2017Co-Authors: Gianluca Picariello, Francesco Siano, Leonardo Pablo Sciammaro, Maria Grazia Volpe, Maria Cecilia Puppo, Gianfranco MamoneAbstract:Abstract Seed germ of South American algarrobo ( Prosopis species) and European carob ( Ceratonia siliqua ) contains nutritionally interesting proteins, lipids and phenolics. Using reversed phase-HPLC-diode array detector and nanoflow-HPLC coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), we comparatively characterized and semi-quantified flavonoids from germ of three Argentinean algarrobo ( Prosopis alba , Prosopis nigra and Prosopis ruscifolia ) and one European carob species. The patterns of glycosylated flavonoids were very similar each other, confirming the taxonomic parentage of the species and supporting their functional similarity on a molecular basis, in view of the use of seed germ flour (SGF) for food applications. The predominant phenolic compounds were apigenin 6,8- C -di-glycoside isomers, namely isoschaftoside and schaftoside, accounting for 3.22–5.18 and 0.41–0.72 mg/g SGF, respectively. C. siliqua germ contained relatively high amounts of further glycosilated derivatives of (iso)schaftoside, which occurred at a lower abundance in Prosopis . Apigenin 6,8- C -di-glycosides have been described as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors, suggesting that food preparations obtained with Prosopis spp. and C. siliqua SGF might contribute to modulate the digestion of carbohydrates in humans. Chemical compounds Isoschaftoside (PubChem CID: 13644661); Schaftoside (PubChem CID: 442658); Vicenin-2 (PubChem CID: 442664); Isovitexin (PubChem CID: 162350).
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Comparative analysis of C-glycosidic flavonoids from Prosopis spp. and Ceratonia siliqua seed germ flour.
Food research international (Ottawa Ont.), 2017Co-Authors: Gianluca Picariello, Francesco Siano, Leonardo Pablo Sciammaro, Maria Grazia Volpe, Maria Cecilia Puppo, Gianfranco MamoneAbstract:Abstract Seed germ of South American algarrobo ( Prosopis species) and European carob ( Ceratonia siliqua ) contains nutritionally interesting proteins, lipids and phenolics. Using reversed phase-HPLC-diode array detector and nanoflow-HPLC coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), we comparatively characterized and semi-quantified flavonoids from germ of three Argentinean algarrobo ( Prosopis alba , Prosopis nigra and Prosopis ruscifolia ) and one European carob species. The patterns of glycosylated flavonoids were very similar each other, confirming the taxonomic parentage of the species and supporting their functional similarity on a molecular basis, in view of the use of seed germ flour (SGF) for food applications. The predominant phenolic compounds were apigenin 6,8- C -di-glycoside isomers, namely isoschaftoside and schaftoside, accounting for 3.22–5.18 and 0.41–0.72 mg/g SGF, respectively. C. siliqua germ contained relatively high amounts of further glycosilated derivatives of (iso)schaftoside, which occurred at a lower abundance in Prosopis . Apigenin 6,8- C -di-glycosides have been described as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors, suggesting that food preparations obtained with Prosopis spp. and C. siliqua SGF might contribute to modulate the digestion of carbohydrates in humans. Chemical compounds Isoschaftoside (PubChem CID: 13644661); Schaftoside (PubChem CID: 442658); Vicenin-2 (PubChem CID: 442664); Isovitexin (PubChem CID: 162350).
Gianfranco Mamone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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integrated analytical methods to characterize lipids from prosopis spp and ceratonia siliqua seed germ flour
Food Analytical Methods, 2018Co-Authors: Francesco Siano, Leonardo Pablo Sciammaro, Maria Grazia Volpe, Gianfranco Mamone, Maria Cecilia Puppo, Gianluca PicarielloAbstract:Flour from seed germ of European carob (Ceratonia siliqua) and South American algarrobo (Prosopis spp.) is a potential ingredient for health-promoting baked products. Herein, lipids from germ of three Argentinean Prosopis (P. alba, P. nigra, and P. ruscifolia) and one European carob species were characterized in detail, exploiting an array of up-to-date analytical techniques. Total lipids ranged from 7.1 to 8.1% (w/w). Linoleic acid (C18:2, ω-6) predominated the GC flame ionization detector profiles of fatty acid in all samples (43.3–50.6%). Prosopis spp. contained 6–7% of C20–C24 fatty acids and, consistently, C56–C60 triacylglycerols, as detected by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS), which were practically missing in C. siliqua germ. Phospholipids were isolated by hydroxyapatite chromatography, characterized by MALDI-TOF MS and grossly quantified by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Because of a relatively high content (9.5–11.8%, v/v), phospholipids might increase the antioxidant potential and improve the baking performances of flour fortified with carob and algarrobo seed germ.
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comparative analysis of c glycosidic flavonoids from prosopis spp and ceratonia siliqua seed germ flour
Food Research International, 2017Co-Authors: Gianluca Picariello, Francesco Siano, Leonardo Pablo Sciammaro, Maria Grazia Volpe, Maria Cecilia Puppo, Gianfranco MamoneAbstract:Abstract Seed germ of South American algarrobo ( Prosopis species) and European carob ( Ceratonia siliqua ) contains nutritionally interesting proteins, lipids and phenolics. Using reversed phase-HPLC-diode array detector and nanoflow-HPLC coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), we comparatively characterized and semi-quantified flavonoids from germ of three Argentinean algarrobo ( Prosopis alba , Prosopis nigra and Prosopis ruscifolia ) and one European carob species. The patterns of glycosylated flavonoids were very similar each other, confirming the taxonomic parentage of the species and supporting their functional similarity on a molecular basis, in view of the use of seed germ flour (SGF) for food applications. The predominant phenolic compounds were apigenin 6,8- C -di-glycoside isomers, namely isoschaftoside and schaftoside, accounting for 3.22–5.18 and 0.41–0.72 mg/g SGF, respectively. C. siliqua germ contained relatively high amounts of further glycosilated derivatives of (iso)schaftoside, which occurred at a lower abundance in Prosopis . Apigenin 6,8- C -di-glycosides have been described as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors, suggesting that food preparations obtained with Prosopis spp. and C. siliqua SGF might contribute to modulate the digestion of carbohydrates in humans. Chemical compounds Isoschaftoside (PubChem CID: 13644661); Schaftoside (PubChem CID: 442658); Vicenin-2 (PubChem CID: 442664); Isovitexin (PubChem CID: 162350).
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Comparative analysis of C-glycosidic flavonoids from Prosopis spp. and Ceratonia siliqua seed germ flour.
Food research international (Ottawa Ont.), 2017Co-Authors: Gianluca Picariello, Francesco Siano, Leonardo Pablo Sciammaro, Maria Grazia Volpe, Maria Cecilia Puppo, Gianfranco MamoneAbstract:Abstract Seed germ of South American algarrobo ( Prosopis species) and European carob ( Ceratonia siliqua ) contains nutritionally interesting proteins, lipids and phenolics. Using reversed phase-HPLC-diode array detector and nanoflow-HPLC coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), we comparatively characterized and semi-quantified flavonoids from germ of three Argentinean algarrobo ( Prosopis alba , Prosopis nigra and Prosopis ruscifolia ) and one European carob species. The patterns of glycosylated flavonoids were very similar each other, confirming the taxonomic parentage of the species and supporting their functional similarity on a molecular basis, in view of the use of seed germ flour (SGF) for food applications. The predominant phenolic compounds were apigenin 6,8- C -di-glycoside isomers, namely isoschaftoside and schaftoside, accounting for 3.22–5.18 and 0.41–0.72 mg/g SGF, respectively. C. siliqua germ contained relatively high amounts of further glycosilated derivatives of (iso)schaftoside, which occurred at a lower abundance in Prosopis . Apigenin 6,8- C -di-glycosides have been described as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors, suggesting that food preparations obtained with Prosopis spp. and C. siliqua SGF might contribute to modulate the digestion of carbohydrates in humans. Chemical compounds Isoschaftoside (PubChem CID: 13644661); Schaftoside (PubChem CID: 442658); Vicenin-2 (PubChem CID: 442664); Isovitexin (PubChem CID: 162350).
