The Experts below are selected from a list of 72 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

R. G. V. Baker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Instantaneous global spatial interaction? Exploring the Gaussian inequality, distance and Internet pings in a global network
    Journal of Geographical Systems, 2005
    Co-Authors: R. G. V. Baker
    Abstract:

    The Internet has been publicly portrayed as a new technological horizon yielding instantaneous interaction to a point where geography no longer matters. This research aims to dispel this impression by applying a dynamic form of trip modelling to investigate pings in a global computer network compiled by the Stanford Linear Accelerator Centre (SLAC) from 1998 to 2004. Internet flows have been predicted to have the same mathematical operators as trips to a supermarket, since they are both periodic and constrained by a distance metric. Both actual and virtual trips are part of a spectrum of origin–destination pairs in the Time–Space Convergence of trip Time-lines. Internet interaction is very near to the Convergence of these Time-lines (at a very small Time scale in milliseconds, but with interactions over thousands of kilometres). There is a lag effect and this is formalised by the derivation of Gaussian and gravity inequalities between the Time taken (Δ t ) and the partitioning of distance (Δ x ). This inequality seems to be robust for a regression of Δ t to Δ x in the SLAC data set for each year (1998 to 2004). There is a constant ‘forbidden zone’ in the interaction, underpinned by the fact that pings do not travel faster than the speed of light. Superimposed upon this zone is the network capacity where a linear regression of Δ t to Δ x is a proxy summarising global Internet connectivity for that year. The results suggest that there has been a substantial improvement in connectivity over the period with R ^2 increasing steadily from 0.39 to 0.65 from less Gaussian spreading of the ping latencies. Further, the regression line shifts towards the inequality boundary from 1998 to 2004, where the increased slope shows a greater proportional rise in local connectivity over global connectivity. A conclusion is that national geography still does matter in spatial interaction modelling of the Internet.

  • Instantaneous global spatial interaction? Exploring the Gaussian inequality, distance and Internet pings in a global network
    Journal of Geographical Systems, 2005
    Co-Authors: R. G. V. Baker
    Abstract:

    Internet, Ping latency, Distance, Spatial interaction modelling, Time–Space Convergence, Gaussian inequality,

Euntaek Kang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Time Space Convergence and urban decentralisation
    Journal of Transport Geography, 2011
    Co-Authors: Euntaek Kang
    Abstract:

    Abstract The phenomenon of Time–Space Convergence (or compression) has been considered to be associated with the technological advances that have shortened our travel Time. Advances in transport technology have gradually diminished travel Times, and this process has been discussed in the context of international- or national-level transport changes. This paper investigates the changing relationship between Space and Time at the urban level. The changing relationship between commuting Time and distance in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) is empirically analysed by using the 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005 two-percent sample data of the Korean Census of Population and Housing. The study results empirically demonstrate the close relationship between the urban decentralisation process and the Time–Space Convergence phenomenon. The key findings of this research are that commuting Time per distance unit in the SMA shortened over the 15 years of the study period, and this improvement was greater for longer journeys than for shorter trips. The empirical evidence of this research shows that workers have migrated to faster commuting modes such as car and subway and away from slower modes such as buses, so that commuting Time has decreased or remained constant even as commuting distance in the SMA has increased.

Donald G Janelle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Time, Space, and the Human Geographies of Opportunity
    Space Time and the Limits of Human Understanding, 2016
    Co-Authors: Donald G Janelle
    Abstract:

    Through Space-adjusting technologies and social practices, innovation has progressively transformed the Space and Time constraints on the geographical range and nature of human activities, and on the interactivity of people at local through global scales. This essay explores explicit measurements and representations of the Time-Space Convergence and divergence of places and their impacts on individuals, families, communities, regions, and nations. At such scales, the nature of Time-Space is differentially experienced, based on gradations and cleavages in human conditions that result from socio-economic systems that differentially allocate wealth, education, infrastructure, and other affordances for breaking down the rigidity and restrictions on mobility and opportunity. The essay addresses questions regarding the measurement of Time-Space Convergence at different geographical scales, considers the implications of Convergence processes for human well-being, and explores the use of Time-geography concepts to help reduce constraints on opportunities for people to engage successfully and equitably in a world where the significance of distance can change rapidly and with uneven impact on places, regions, and nations.

  • Time Space Convergence and changing accessibility patterns for cities and regions
    2001
    Co-Authors: Donald G Janelle
    Abstract:

    500 minutes apart in 1901100 minutes apart in 2001Time-Space Convergence: 400 minutesAverage Rate of Convergence: 4 minutes per year“velocity”Problems of Travel Time as a Metric of Space:• Variability in Convergence and divergence among places• Time-Space inversions• Asymmetric relationships between places• Simultaneity of different Convergence / divergence levels

Isao Mizuno - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Time Space Convergence in urban systems
    The Japanese Journal of Behaviormetrics, 2006
    Co-Authors: Isao Mizuno
    Abstract:

    Most studies of Time-Space Convergence in urban systems have used Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS). However, two-dimensional configuration in these studies cannot be always regarded as geographic map, particularly for a long-term qualitative change. Q-analysis, a topological language, enables us to understand that change. The objective of this paper is considering methodologies of MDS and Q-analysis in Time-Space Convergence studies.     Two studies of Time-Space Convergence in Japan, Murayama's MDS and the author's Q-analysis, are compared from a methodological view. The MDS method reduces multi-dimensional metric Space to two-dimensional one, but that tends to break original adjacent relationships. Q-analysis can describe the structure of topological relationships among cities, using the concepts of local dimensionality, nearness, and connectivity. While MDS focuses on the origin and distance, Q-analysis is applicable to a long-term uneven transportation development.

  • Geographical Model of a Self-Organising Megalopolis with Time-Space Convergence
    The GeoJournal Library, 2003
    Co-Authors: Isao Mizuno
    Abstract:

    In industrialised countries, urban population and industrial production have been concentrated in some metropolitan areas, which have created a megalopolis from the expansion of their suburbs, where socio-economic functions of large cities are strongly linked with each other by high-speed transportation networks. For example, the United States megalopolis is well-known as a belt of large cities from Boston through New York to Washington D.C. on the Atlantic coast, and the Japanese megalopolis connects three metropolitan areas, Tokyo, Nagoya, and Osaka on the Pacific coast. Newly industrialised Asian countries or regions, such as South Korea, Taiwan, and Malaysia, are also developing megalopolis embryos or development belts. It can be generally stated that, as a national economy develops, one specific region becomes a megalopolis at the expense of the other regions. This phenomenon raises two questions. What economic processes differentiate the megalopolis from under-developed areas? Which geographical areas can selectively become a megalopolis? Two types of studies, the “more economic” and “more geographic” economic geographies (Lukermann, 1958), have tackled these questions in the location-theory literature.

Paul Guinness - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Geography for the IB Diploma Global Interactions
    2011
    Co-Authors: Paul Guinness
    Abstract:

    Introduction Section 1. Measuring Global Interactions: 1. Global participation 2. Global core and periphery Section 2. Changing Space: the Shrinking World: 3. Time-Space Convergence and the reduction in the friction of distance 4. Extension and density of networks Section 3. Economic Interactions and Flows: 5. Financial flows 6. Labour flows 7. Information flows Section 4. Environmental Change 8. Degradation through raw material production 9. The effects of transnational manufacturing and services 10. Transboundary pollution 11. Homogenisation of landscapes Section 5. Sociolcultural Exchanges 12. Cultural diffusion: the process 13. Consumerism and culture 14. Sociocultural integration Section 6. Political Outcomes 15. Loss of sovereignty 16. Responses Section 7. Global Interactions at the Local Level: 17. Globalisation and the adoption of globalisation 18. Local responses to globalisation 19. Alternatives Index Acknowledgements.