Tin Oxide

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Imtiaz S. Mulla - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Trimethylamine sensing properties of thorium-incorporated Tin Oxide
    Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2002
    Co-Authors: R.s. Niranjan, K. Vijayamohanan, Meghana S Londhe, A.b. Mandale, Sudhakar R. Sainkar, L.s Prabhumirashi, Imtiaz S. Mulla
    Abstract:

    We report the trimethylamine (TMA) sensing properties of thoria-incorporated Tin Oxide. The Tin Oxide pellet having 3 wt.% of thoria exhibits a high sensitivity of 1500 towards 800 ppm of TMA compared to only 18 of pure Tin Oxide at a lower operaTing temperature of 225 °C. The incorporation of thorium in Tin Oxide enhances the sensitivity towards TMA with improved selectivity. The effect of surface coverage, morphology and oxidation state on the sensitivity has been studied using techniques like scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The correlation between thoria incorporation in the Tin Oxide at different sintering temperatures and the improvement in the selectivity and sensitivity towards TMA is discussed.

  • Surface ruthenated Tin Oxide thin-film as a hydrocarbon sensor
    Sensors and Actuators B-chemical, 2001
    Co-Authors: R.s. Niranjan, V.a Chaudhary, K. Vijayamohanan, Sudhakar R. Sainkar, Kashinath R. Patil, Imtiaz S. Mulla
    Abstract:

    Abstract A thin-film sensor based on the surface ruthenated Tin Oxide capable of good sensitivity and high selectivity towards hydrocarbons is demonstrated. The misfits created at the grain boundaries of Tin Oxide can affect the adsorbate–substrate interaction leading to unusually high selectivity. The surface ruthenated Tin Oxide film deposited on the commercially available glass shows a sensitivity of 45 in comparison to 3 of pure Tin Oxide film at operaTing temperature between 225–3500°C. A systematic study of the morphology, surface coverage and oxidation state of Ru using different techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveals the reason for the enhanced sensitivity of the surface functionalised Tin Oxide film.

  • Selective hydrogen sensing properties of surface functionalized Tin Oxide
    Sensors and Actuators B-chemical, 1999
    Co-Authors: V.a Chaudhary, Imtiaz S. Mulla, K. Vijayamohanan
    Abstract:

    A simple way of controlling the selectivity of Tin Oxide based hydrogen sensors by surface functionalization is demonstrated by introducing some misfit regions on Tin Oxide surface using covalent attachment of Ru, Pd and Ag species. The sensitivity and the selectivity of Tin Oxide is found to be dramatically enhanced in comparison with pure Tin Oxide. In addition, synergistic sensitivity effects are observed by simultaneously introducing several noble metal species on the surface of Tin Oxide, whereby the operaTing temperature for maximum sensitivity towards hydrogen is found to be drastically reduced. For example, pure Tin Oxide and surface ruthenated Tin Oxide shows highest sensitivity (8 and 120, respectively) towards hydrogen at 300°C, while Tin Oxide functionalized with Ru/Pd and Ru/Pd/Ag shows higher sensitivity (1350 and 360, respectively) at significantly lower temperatures (250 and 150°C, respectively). The amount and distribution of these heterospecies on the surface (affecTing the surface electron states of Tin Oxide) are the most important parameters to be controlled to obtain optimum sensitivity and selectivity as a function of operaTing temperature.

  • Selective gas-sensing properties of surface ruthenated Tin Oxide
    Journal of Materials Research, 1999
    Co-Authors: V.a Chaudhary, Imtiaz S. Mulla, K. Vijayamohanan
    Abstract:

    Gas-sensing properties of a novel surface functionalized Tin Oxide material have been studied to demonstrate the possibility of selectivity control by surface state formation. Covalent anchoring of ruthenium Oxide on the Tin Oxide surface (ruthenated Tin Oxide) is found to give considerable enhancement in sensitivity (320) as well as selectivity to 1000 ppm of liquified petroleum gas (LPG) at 300 °C compared to the sensitivity (4) of pure Tin Oxide samples. The amount and distribution of grafted ruthenium Oxide on the surface of Tin Oxide seems to be the most important parameter controlling the change in electrical transport with LPG gas adsorption.

K. Vijayamohanan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Trimethylamine sensing properties of thorium-incorporated Tin Oxide
    Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2002
    Co-Authors: R.s. Niranjan, K. Vijayamohanan, Meghana S Londhe, A.b. Mandale, Sudhakar R. Sainkar, L.s Prabhumirashi, Imtiaz S. Mulla
    Abstract:

    We report the trimethylamine (TMA) sensing properties of thoria-incorporated Tin Oxide. The Tin Oxide pellet having 3 wt.% of thoria exhibits a high sensitivity of 1500 towards 800 ppm of TMA compared to only 18 of pure Tin Oxide at a lower operaTing temperature of 225 °C. The incorporation of thorium in Tin Oxide enhances the sensitivity towards TMA with improved selectivity. The effect of surface coverage, morphology and oxidation state on the sensitivity has been studied using techniques like scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The correlation between thoria incorporation in the Tin Oxide at different sintering temperatures and the improvement in the selectivity and sensitivity towards TMA is discussed.

  • Surface ruthenated Tin Oxide thin-film as a hydrocarbon sensor
    Sensors and Actuators B-chemical, 2001
    Co-Authors: R.s. Niranjan, V.a Chaudhary, K. Vijayamohanan, Sudhakar R. Sainkar, Kashinath R. Patil, Imtiaz S. Mulla
    Abstract:

    Abstract A thin-film sensor based on the surface ruthenated Tin Oxide capable of good sensitivity and high selectivity towards hydrocarbons is demonstrated. The misfits created at the grain boundaries of Tin Oxide can affect the adsorbate–substrate interaction leading to unusually high selectivity. The surface ruthenated Tin Oxide film deposited on the commercially available glass shows a sensitivity of 45 in comparison to 3 of pure Tin Oxide film at operaTing temperature between 225–3500°C. A systematic study of the morphology, surface coverage and oxidation state of Ru using different techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveals the reason for the enhanced sensitivity of the surface functionalised Tin Oxide film.

  • Selective hydrogen sensing properties of surface functionalized Tin Oxide
    Sensors and Actuators B-chemical, 1999
    Co-Authors: V.a Chaudhary, Imtiaz S. Mulla, K. Vijayamohanan
    Abstract:

    A simple way of controlling the selectivity of Tin Oxide based hydrogen sensors by surface functionalization is demonstrated by introducing some misfit regions on Tin Oxide surface using covalent attachment of Ru, Pd and Ag species. The sensitivity and the selectivity of Tin Oxide is found to be dramatically enhanced in comparison with pure Tin Oxide. In addition, synergistic sensitivity effects are observed by simultaneously introducing several noble metal species on the surface of Tin Oxide, whereby the operaTing temperature for maximum sensitivity towards hydrogen is found to be drastically reduced. For example, pure Tin Oxide and surface ruthenated Tin Oxide shows highest sensitivity (8 and 120, respectively) towards hydrogen at 300°C, while Tin Oxide functionalized with Ru/Pd and Ru/Pd/Ag shows higher sensitivity (1350 and 360, respectively) at significantly lower temperatures (250 and 150°C, respectively). The amount and distribution of these heterospecies on the surface (affecTing the surface electron states of Tin Oxide) are the most important parameters to be controlled to obtain optimum sensitivity and selectivity as a function of operaTing temperature.

  • Selective gas-sensing properties of surface ruthenated Tin Oxide
    Journal of Materials Research, 1999
    Co-Authors: V.a Chaudhary, Imtiaz S. Mulla, K. Vijayamohanan
    Abstract:

    Gas-sensing properties of a novel surface functionalized Tin Oxide material have been studied to demonstrate the possibility of selectivity control by surface state formation. Covalent anchoring of ruthenium Oxide on the Tin Oxide surface (ruthenated Tin Oxide) is found to give considerable enhancement in sensitivity (320) as well as selectivity to 1000 ppm of liquified petroleum gas (LPG) at 300 °C compared to the sensitivity (4) of pure Tin Oxide samples. The amount and distribution of grafted ruthenium Oxide on the surface of Tin Oxide seems to be the most important parameter controlling the change in electrical transport with LPG gas adsorption.

Yong Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Jim Yang Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Tin Oxide nanocubes, and Tin-core/Tin Oxide-shell nanostructures, with and without a hollow interior
    Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2006
    Co-Authors: Yong Wang, Jim Yang Lee
    Abstract:

    A number of nanoscale Tin Oxide structures including 2–5 nm Tin Oxide hollow nanoparticles, 3–5 nm Tin Oxide nanocubes, 80–120 nm Tin-core/Tin Oxide-shell nanocubes, and hollow Tin Oxide nanocubes, have been prepared from phenanthroline (phen)-capped Sn nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the existence of a hollow interior in the Tin-core/Tin Oxide-shell nanostructures. It is believed that the low melTing Sn core was hollowed out by electron beam irradiation of the sample during microscopy. The 2–5 nm Tin Oxide hollow nanoparticles and 80–120 nm Tin Oxide hollow nanocubes had thin but stable shells capable of preserving the integrity of the large cavity within.

  • Pechini process-derived Tin Oxide and Tin Oxide-graphite composites for lithium-ion batteries
    Journal of Power Sources, 2002
    Co-Authors: Ruifen Zhang, Jim Yang Lee, Zebing Liu
    Abstract:

    Abstract The Pechini process [Ceram. Bull. 68 (1989) 1002] is used to obtain fine Tin Oxide powders that reduce the specific volume change in Li + insertion and extraction reactions. The suitability of these Tin Oxides as active materials for negative electrodes in lithium-ion batteries is investigated. From elemental analysis, it is found that the templaTing polymer network is almost completely obliterated after heaTing at 500 °C. The best Tin Oxide does not exhibit extensive crystallization of Tin atoms even after 30 cycles of alloying and de-alloying reactions with Li. The structure and the specific capacity of the Oxides are dependent on the heat treatment and remnants of the polymeric CH network can impose an unfavorable outcome. A capacity of 600 mAh g −1 , which is unchanged for 30 cycles, can be obtained from Tin Oxide heat treated at 1000 °C. Composites of graphite and SnO 2 are also prepared and exhibit synergistic interactions between graphite and Tin Oxide which are similar to those reported previously [Electrochem. Solid State Lett. 3 (2000) 167].

V.a Chaudhary - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Surface ruthenated Tin Oxide thin-film as a hydrocarbon sensor
    Sensors and Actuators B-chemical, 2001
    Co-Authors: R.s. Niranjan, V.a Chaudhary, K. Vijayamohanan, Sudhakar R. Sainkar, Kashinath R. Patil, Imtiaz S. Mulla
    Abstract:

    Abstract A thin-film sensor based on the surface ruthenated Tin Oxide capable of good sensitivity and high selectivity towards hydrocarbons is demonstrated. The misfits created at the grain boundaries of Tin Oxide can affect the adsorbate–substrate interaction leading to unusually high selectivity. The surface ruthenated Tin Oxide film deposited on the commercially available glass shows a sensitivity of 45 in comparison to 3 of pure Tin Oxide film at operaTing temperature between 225–3500°C. A systematic study of the morphology, surface coverage and oxidation state of Ru using different techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveals the reason for the enhanced sensitivity of the surface functionalised Tin Oxide film.

  • Selective hydrogen sensing properties of surface functionalized Tin Oxide
    Sensors and Actuators B-chemical, 1999
    Co-Authors: V.a Chaudhary, Imtiaz S. Mulla, K. Vijayamohanan
    Abstract:

    A simple way of controlling the selectivity of Tin Oxide based hydrogen sensors by surface functionalization is demonstrated by introducing some misfit regions on Tin Oxide surface using covalent attachment of Ru, Pd and Ag species. The sensitivity and the selectivity of Tin Oxide is found to be dramatically enhanced in comparison with pure Tin Oxide. In addition, synergistic sensitivity effects are observed by simultaneously introducing several noble metal species on the surface of Tin Oxide, whereby the operaTing temperature for maximum sensitivity towards hydrogen is found to be drastically reduced. For example, pure Tin Oxide and surface ruthenated Tin Oxide shows highest sensitivity (8 and 120, respectively) towards hydrogen at 300°C, while Tin Oxide functionalized with Ru/Pd and Ru/Pd/Ag shows higher sensitivity (1350 and 360, respectively) at significantly lower temperatures (250 and 150°C, respectively). The amount and distribution of these heterospecies on the surface (affecTing the surface electron states of Tin Oxide) are the most important parameters to be controlled to obtain optimum sensitivity and selectivity as a function of operaTing temperature.

  • Selective gas-sensing properties of surface ruthenated Tin Oxide
    Journal of Materials Research, 1999
    Co-Authors: V.a Chaudhary, Imtiaz S. Mulla, K. Vijayamohanan
    Abstract:

    Gas-sensing properties of a novel surface functionalized Tin Oxide material have been studied to demonstrate the possibility of selectivity control by surface state formation. Covalent anchoring of ruthenium Oxide on the Tin Oxide surface (ruthenated Tin Oxide) is found to give considerable enhancement in sensitivity (320) as well as selectivity to 1000 ppm of liquified petroleum gas (LPG) at 300 °C compared to the sensitivity (4) of pure Tin Oxide samples. The amount and distribution of grafted ruthenium Oxide on the surface of Tin Oxide seems to be the most important parameter controlling the change in electrical transport with LPG gas adsorption.