The Experts below are selected from a list of 195 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Toru H. Okabe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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IRON REMOVAL FROM Titanium Ore USING SELECTIVE CHLORINATION AND EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION OF CHLORIDE WASTES
2020Co-Authors: Ryosuke Matsuoka, Toru H. Okabe, Komaba Meguro-kuAbstract:Iron removal from Titanium Ore using selective chlorination and the effective utilization of chloride wastes generated from the Titanium production process (Kroll process) were investigated in this study. The thermodynamic analyses of the chlorination reactions in the TiFe-O-Cl system were carried out prior to the fundamental experimental work, and the conditions for the chlorination experiments were optimized. The iron in the Titanium Ore was selectively chlorinated by reacting low-grade Titanium Ore (ilmenite) and metal chloride (MClx, M = Mg, Ca, etc.) at 1100 K under a nitrogen atmosphere, and low-iron Titanium Ore and iron chloride (FeClx) were obtained. Chlorine in the FeClx produced by selective chlorination was recovered as TiCl4 by reacting FeClx and metallic Titanium at 1100 K under an argon atmosphere. The recycling processes investigated in this study, which utilize low-grade Ore or chloride wastes, are useful because the Titanium scrap and chloride wastes are expected to increase in the future. This process, based on scrap combination, has the potential for developing a new environmentally sound technique of chloride metallurgy.
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Recycling Titanium metal scraps by utilizing chloride wastes
2020Co-Authors: Haiyan Zheng, Toru H. Okabe, Ryosuke Matsuoka, Komaba Meguro-kuAbstract:A novel process for recycling Titanium metal scraps by utilizing the chloride wastes that is generated from the Kroll process or any other processes was investigated. Iron chlorides (e.g., FeCl2, FeCl3) and metallic Titanium (Ti) were reacted at temperatures ranging between 700 and 1300 K, and the chlorine in the iron chlorides was extracted in the form of TiCl4 gas. It was found that the iron chloride wastes can be utilized as a source of chlorine for the production of TiCl4, and this process is demonstrated to be suitable for application to the treatment of Titanium scraps. The behavior of chloride in the Fe-Ti-Cl-O system at 1100 K was thermodynamically analyzed. The investigation of the recycling process of the chloride wastes may be useful because it has the potential to improve the chlorine cycle in the Kroll process. If chlorine from the chloride wastes generated from Titanium smelting can be efficiently recovered, the problem concerning the disposal of chloride wastes will be minimized and the loss of chlorine in the process will also decrease. The technique to recover chlorine from chloride wastes is also important, particularly when treating low-grade Titanium Ore, which will be an essential resource for the Titanium industry in the future. This recycling process, which utilizes chloride wastes, can also be extended to other reactive metals such as rare earth metals and tantalum.
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Production of High-Grade Titanium Dioxide Directly from Titanium Ore Using Titanium Scrap and Iron Chloride Waste
Metals and Materials International, 2019Co-Authors: Jungshin Kang, Gyeonghye Moon, Toru H. OkabeAbstract:In order to produce high-grade Titanium dioxide (95% TiO_2) directly from a Titanium Ore using Titanium scrap and iron chloride waste, chlorine recovery and selective chlorination processes were investigated. The mixture of Titanium scrap and ferrous chloride in carbon crucible and Titanium Ore in quartz crucible were placed inside gas-tight quartz tube. The experiments were conducted at 1193–1248 K. Titanium tetrachloride and metallic iron were produced by the chlorination of Titanium scrap in the carbon crucible, and the chlorination ratio of Titanium chip was 94.6%. In the quartz crucible, 96.2% TiO_2 was obtained under certain conditions by the selective removal of iron from the Ore because of the reaction with the generated TiCl_4. The iron removal ratio of Titanium Ore was 98.2%. TherefOre, the feasibility of the effective use of Titanium scrap and iron chloride waste for upgrading Titanium Ore was demonstrated in this study.
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removal of iron from Titanium Ore by selective chlorination using ticl4 under high oxygen chemical potential
International Journal of Mineral Processing, 2016Co-Authors: Jungshin Kang, Toru H. OkabeAbstract:Abstract With the purpose of developing a new technology for producing high-grade Titanium dioxide (TiO2), a fundamental study on the selective chlorination of low-grade Titanium Ore under a high oxygen chemical potential was carried out. The use of Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) as a chlorinating agent allowed iron to be directly removed from various types of Ti Ores. In the experiments, Titanium Ore was first pre-oxidized under air, and then reacted with TiCl4 gas at 1100 K or 1200 K for 9 h under an Ar + 1 ppm O2, Ar + 1% O2, or Ar + 10% O2 gas flow. The iron in the low-grade Ti Ore was selectively removed as iron chlorides (FeClx [x = 2, 3]) in a dry form, and 98% TiO2 was obtained under certain conditions. This demonstrated that the selective chlorination of low-grade Titanium Ore by TiCl4 under a high oxygen chemical potential is a feasible method of producing high-grade TiO2 directly.
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Thermodynamic Consideration of the Removal of Iron from Titanium Ore by Selective Chlorination
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2014Co-Authors: Jungshin Kang, Toru H. OkabeAbstract:Thermodynamic study of the chlorination reactions of oxides such as Titanium oxides and iron oxides at elevated temperatures was carried out in order to consider the removal of iron from Titanium Ore using selective chlorination method. In particular, various chlorination reactions were analyzed by utilizing chemical potential diagrams, and the applicability and usefulness of this thermodynamic study for analyzing the selective chlorination of Titanium Ore were demonstrated. FurthermOre, chlorination reactions using various types of chlorinating agents were discussed from different viewpoints. It was shown that the selective chlorination of iron from Titanium Ore by HCl gas is thermodynamically feasible and efficient for upgrading Titanium Ore. Further, thermodynamic analysis showed that under certain conditions, TiCl_4 can be used as a chlorinating agent for the iron in the Ore, and iron can be removed by evaporation directly from the Ore as chloride gas. The results presented in this study provide useful information for developing a process for upgrading low-grade Titanium Ore for use as a Titanium smelting feed through a dry method.
Jianping Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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constraining ultrahigh pressure uhp metamorphism and Titanium Ore formation from an infrared microthermometric study of fluid inclusions in rutile from donghai uhp eclogites eastern china
Geological Society of America Bulletin, 2008Co-Authors: Pei Ni, Rucheng Wang, Kun Shen, Zeming Zhang, Jianping HuangAbstract:Eclogites in the Donghai area of the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt in eastern China contain both disseminated rutile and rutile deposits. The rutile occurs as small inclusions in garnet, omphacite, phengite, and quartz, as larger euhedral to subhedral grains in equilibrium with garnet, omphacite, phengite, and kyanite, and as discrete veinlets, aggregates, and megacrysts in cracks and along grain boundaries. To investigate the processes of rutile mineralization and its relationship to the evolution of the Sulu UHP metamorphic belt, we sampled the exposed Maobei deposit at Donghai and drill cOre between 100 and 2000 m in the nearby Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project (CCSD) main hole to carry out a detailed infrared microthermometric fluid inclusion study. Three types of fluid inclusions were identified: aqueous (Type I), CO 2 -H 2 O (Type II), and CH 4 (Type III). Type I and Type II inclusions are the most common. Primary and pseudosecondary Type I inclusions, which were trapped during recrystallization of the eclogite or early amphibolite facies retrograde metamorphism, have a narrow range of homogenization temperatures but a wide range of salinities. In contrast, secondary Type I inclusions, which formed entirely during retrograde amphibolite-facies metamorphism associated with exhumation of the UHP rocks, have higher and mOre varied homogenization temperatures but medium to low salinities. Type II inclusions formed contemporaneously with the Type I variety and are characterized by having small amounts of CO 2 and N 2 in addition to H 2 O. In addition, some of the rutile grains contain sparse inclusions composed of CH 4 (Type III). Our results combined with those of previous studies, suggest a great diversity of fluid composition in the peak metamorphic to early retrograde stages, implying very limited fluid-rock interaction during syn- to post-peak high-pressure (HP) and UHP metamorphism. This study shows that infrared microthermometric investigation of fluid inclusions can provide information not only on the composition of Titanium Ore-forming fluids but also on the relationship between mineralization and the evolution of UHP metamorphic belt.
Jungshin Kang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Production of High-Grade Titanium Dioxide Directly from Titanium Ore Using Titanium Scrap and Iron Chloride Waste
Metals and Materials International, 2019Co-Authors: Jungshin Kang, Gyeonghye Moon, Toru H. OkabeAbstract:In order to produce high-grade Titanium dioxide (95% TiO_2) directly from a Titanium Ore using Titanium scrap and iron chloride waste, chlorine recovery and selective chlorination processes were investigated. The mixture of Titanium scrap and ferrous chloride in carbon crucible and Titanium Ore in quartz crucible were placed inside gas-tight quartz tube. The experiments were conducted at 1193–1248 K. Titanium tetrachloride and metallic iron were produced by the chlorination of Titanium scrap in the carbon crucible, and the chlorination ratio of Titanium chip was 94.6%. In the quartz crucible, 96.2% TiO_2 was obtained under certain conditions by the selective removal of iron from the Ore because of the reaction with the generated TiCl_4. The iron removal ratio of Titanium Ore was 98.2%. TherefOre, the feasibility of the effective use of Titanium scrap and iron chloride waste for upgrading Titanium Ore was demonstrated in this study.
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removal of iron from Titanium Ore by selective chlorination using ticl4 under high oxygen chemical potential
International Journal of Mineral Processing, 2016Co-Authors: Jungshin Kang, Toru H. OkabeAbstract:Abstract With the purpose of developing a new technology for producing high-grade Titanium dioxide (TiO2), a fundamental study on the selective chlorination of low-grade Titanium Ore under a high oxygen chemical potential was carried out. The use of Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) as a chlorinating agent allowed iron to be directly removed from various types of Ti Ores. In the experiments, Titanium Ore was first pre-oxidized under air, and then reacted with TiCl4 gas at 1100 K or 1200 K for 9 h under an Ar + 1 ppm O2, Ar + 1% O2, or Ar + 10% O2 gas flow. The iron in the low-grade Ti Ore was selectively removed as iron chlorides (FeClx [x = 2, 3]) in a dry form, and 98% TiO2 was obtained under certain conditions. This demonstrated that the selective chlorination of low-grade Titanium Ore by TiCl4 under a high oxygen chemical potential is a feasible method of producing high-grade TiO2 directly.
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Thermodynamic Consideration of the Removal of Iron from Titanium Ore by Selective Chlorination
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2014Co-Authors: Jungshin Kang, Toru H. OkabeAbstract:Thermodynamic study of the chlorination reactions of oxides such as Titanium oxides and iron oxides at elevated temperatures was carried out in order to consider the removal of iron from Titanium Ore using selective chlorination method. In particular, various chlorination reactions were analyzed by utilizing chemical potential diagrams, and the applicability and usefulness of this thermodynamic study for analyzing the selective chlorination of Titanium Ore were demonstrated. FurthermOre, chlorination reactions using various types of chlorinating agents were discussed from different viewpoints. It was shown that the selective chlorination of iron from Titanium Ore by HCl gas is thermodynamically feasible and efficient for upgrading Titanium Ore. Further, thermodynamic analysis showed that under certain conditions, TiCl_4 can be used as a chlorinating agent for the iron in the Ore, and iron can be removed by evaporation directly from the Ore as chloride gas. The results presented in this study provide useful information for developing a process for upgrading low-grade Titanium Ore for use as a Titanium smelting feed through a dry method.
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production of Titanium dioxide directly from Titanium Ore through selective chlorination using Titanium tetrachloride
Materials Transactions, 2014Co-Authors: Jungshin Kang, Toru H. OkabeAbstract:For the production of high-grade Titanium dioxide (TiO2) directly from Titanium Ore (Ti Ore), a fundamental study on the development of a novel carbo-selective-chlorination method using Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) as a chlorinating agent was carried out. In order to selectively remove iron directly from low-grade Ti Ore (mainly FeTiO3), Ti Ore and carbon powder were set in a gas-tight quartz tube that was then placed in a horizontal furnace to react with TiCl4 at 1100K. In the experiments, various types of Ti Ores produced in different countries were reacted with TiCl4 for durations from 4 to 6h. Under certain conditions, the iron in the Titanium Ore was removed as iron chloride (FeCl2), and 98% TiO2 was obtained after the experiments. The effectiveness of TiCl4 as a chlorinating agent for the carbo-selective-chlorination of iron oxide was verified in this study. Thus, it was demonstrated that the carbo-selective-chlorination is feasible for the selective removal of iron directly from low-grade Titanium Ore containing 51% TiO2 to produce high-grade TiO2 feed in a single step. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M-M2013843]
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removal of iron from Titanium Ore through selective chlorination using magnesium chloride
Materials Transactions, 2013Co-Authors: Jungshin Kang, Toru H. OkabeAbstract:A selective chlorination process using magnesium chloride (MgCl2) as chlorinating agent was investigated with the aim of developing a process for removing iron directly from ilmenite, which is a low-grade Titanium Ore known as FeTiO3. Two crucibles, one consisting of Titanium Ore and the other consisting of a mixture of Titanium Ore and MgCl2, were placed in a gas-tight quartz tube, and then both crucibles were heated to 1000K. In some experiments, H2O vapor was introduced in the quartz tube. HCl gas produced from the MgCl2/Titanium Ore mixture reacted with the iron present in the Titanium Ore placed in the other crucible to produce TiO2. Iron present in the Titanium Ore of the Titanium Ore/MgCl2 mixture reacted with MgCl2, and MgTiO3 and MgO were obtained. Iron in the Titanium Ore present in both crucibles was removed as FeCl2 (l,g). In these experiments, the effects of the particle size of the Titanium Ore and the atmosphere on selective chlorination were investigated. In addition, Titanium Ores produced in Vietnam, Australia and China were used as feedstocks. By the chlorination process, 97% TiO2 was obtained directly in one step from the low-grade Titanium Ore containing 51% TiO2 under certain conditions, thus demonstrating the feasibility of the selective chlorination process for producing high-purity Titanium dioxide from low-grade Titanium Ore. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M-M2013810]
Pei Ni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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constraining ultrahigh pressure uhp metamorphism and Titanium Ore formation from an infrared microthermometric study of fluid inclusions in rutile from donghai uhp eclogites eastern china
Geological Society of America Bulletin, 2008Co-Authors: Pei Ni, Rucheng Wang, Kun Shen, Zeming Zhang, Jianping HuangAbstract:Eclogites in the Donghai area of the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt in eastern China contain both disseminated rutile and rutile deposits. The rutile occurs as small inclusions in garnet, omphacite, phengite, and quartz, as larger euhedral to subhedral grains in equilibrium with garnet, omphacite, phengite, and kyanite, and as discrete veinlets, aggregates, and megacrysts in cracks and along grain boundaries. To investigate the processes of rutile mineralization and its relationship to the evolution of the Sulu UHP metamorphic belt, we sampled the exposed Maobei deposit at Donghai and drill cOre between 100 and 2000 m in the nearby Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project (CCSD) main hole to carry out a detailed infrared microthermometric fluid inclusion study. Three types of fluid inclusions were identified: aqueous (Type I), CO 2 -H 2 O (Type II), and CH 4 (Type III). Type I and Type II inclusions are the most common. Primary and pseudosecondary Type I inclusions, which were trapped during recrystallization of the eclogite or early amphibolite facies retrograde metamorphism, have a narrow range of homogenization temperatures but a wide range of salinities. In contrast, secondary Type I inclusions, which formed entirely during retrograde amphibolite-facies metamorphism associated with exhumation of the UHP rocks, have higher and mOre varied homogenization temperatures but medium to low salinities. Type II inclusions formed contemporaneously with the Type I variety and are characterized by having small amounts of CO 2 and N 2 in addition to H 2 O. In addition, some of the rutile grains contain sparse inclusions composed of CH 4 (Type III). Our results combined with those of previous studies, suggest a great diversity of fluid composition in the peak metamorphic to early retrograde stages, implying very limited fluid-rock interaction during syn- to post-peak high-pressure (HP) and UHP metamorphism. This study shows that infrared microthermometric investigation of fluid inclusions can provide information not only on the composition of Titanium Ore-forming fluids but also on the relationship between mineralization and the evolution of UHP metamorphic belt.
Komaba Meguro-ku - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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IRON REMOVAL FROM Titanium Ore USING SELECTIVE CHLORINATION AND EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION OF CHLORIDE WASTES
2020Co-Authors: Ryosuke Matsuoka, Toru H. Okabe, Komaba Meguro-kuAbstract:Iron removal from Titanium Ore using selective chlorination and the effective utilization of chloride wastes generated from the Titanium production process (Kroll process) were investigated in this study. The thermodynamic analyses of the chlorination reactions in the TiFe-O-Cl system were carried out prior to the fundamental experimental work, and the conditions for the chlorination experiments were optimized. The iron in the Titanium Ore was selectively chlorinated by reacting low-grade Titanium Ore (ilmenite) and metal chloride (MClx, M = Mg, Ca, etc.) at 1100 K under a nitrogen atmosphere, and low-iron Titanium Ore and iron chloride (FeClx) were obtained. Chlorine in the FeClx produced by selective chlorination was recovered as TiCl4 by reacting FeClx and metallic Titanium at 1100 K under an argon atmosphere. The recycling processes investigated in this study, which utilize low-grade Ore or chloride wastes, are useful because the Titanium scrap and chloride wastes are expected to increase in the future. This process, based on scrap combination, has the potential for developing a new environmentally sound technique of chloride metallurgy.
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Recycling Titanium metal scraps by utilizing chloride wastes
2020Co-Authors: Haiyan Zheng, Toru H. Okabe, Ryosuke Matsuoka, Komaba Meguro-kuAbstract:A novel process for recycling Titanium metal scraps by utilizing the chloride wastes that is generated from the Kroll process or any other processes was investigated. Iron chlorides (e.g., FeCl2, FeCl3) and metallic Titanium (Ti) were reacted at temperatures ranging between 700 and 1300 K, and the chlorine in the iron chlorides was extracted in the form of TiCl4 gas. It was found that the iron chloride wastes can be utilized as a source of chlorine for the production of TiCl4, and this process is demonstrated to be suitable for application to the treatment of Titanium scraps. The behavior of chloride in the Fe-Ti-Cl-O system at 1100 K was thermodynamically analyzed. The investigation of the recycling process of the chloride wastes may be useful because it has the potential to improve the chlorine cycle in the Kroll process. If chlorine from the chloride wastes generated from Titanium smelting can be efficiently recovered, the problem concerning the disposal of chloride wastes will be minimized and the loss of chlorine in the process will also decrease. The technique to recover chlorine from chloride wastes is also important, particularly when treating low-grade Titanium Ore, which will be an essential resource for the Titanium industry in the future. This recycling process, which utilizes chloride wastes, can also be extended to other reactive metals such as rare earth metals and tantalum.
