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Reinhard Agerer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ectomycorrhizae of Tomentella badia: description and molecular identification
Acta Mycologica, 2013Co-Authors: Andrea Binder, Nourou S. Yorou, Derek Peršoh, Rita Verma, Claus Bässler, Reinhard AgererAbstract:Species within the genera Tomentella are among the most important ECM in forests. However, our knowledge about their functional characteristics is still rather limited. The ectomycorrhizae of Tomentella badia on Picea abies are described here in detail and compared to the non-identified ECM Piceirhiza obscura . A pseudoparenchymatous mantle formed by epidermoid cells is covered by heaps of epidermoid cells. This mantle type is regarded as a new one and designated as mantle type R. Many cells filled with dark blue contents and/or blue granules, together with clampless hyphae, are distinct characters of these ectomycorrhizae. Molecular-phylogenetic analysis of the ITS region was used for identification.
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two new resupinate thelephorales basidiomycota agaricomycetes from guinea west africa
Nova Hedwigia, 2013Co-Authors: Nourou S. Yorou, Moussa Diabate, Reinhard AgererAbstract:Tomentella minispora and T. baroensis are described as new species from West Africa based on anatomical evidence, ITS rDNA sequence analyses and molecular-phylogenetic inference. T. minispora is characterized by subglobose to globose small basidiospores with size ranging from 5.5 μm to 7.5 μm, short aculei of up to 0.8 μm and strongly inflated subhymenial hyphae (up to 23 μm). Both, sequence analyses and molecular-phylogenetic inference indicate the proximity of T. minispora to the clampless species T. amyloapiculata and T. fuscocinerea. Tomentella baroensis is characterized by the presence of extremely large young basidia (up to 20 μm wide), ellipsoid to lobed basidiospores of 8–13 μm and short aculei not exceeding 1 μm long. So far such large young basidia are known only from T. terrestris. However, ITS rDNA sequence analyses revealed that T. baroensis deviates from T. terrestris by at least 17 to 18%. Sequence analyses suggest T. ellisii as the most similar species to T. baroensis, whilst molecular-phylogenetic inference places it close to T. pisoniae and T. hjortstamiana, together with T. ellisii originating from deeper branch of the clade. Detailed anatomy and original iconographs are provided for both new species. Anatomical comparisons are made between the newly described species with their anatomically and molecularphylogenetically close ones.
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three new Tomentella species from west africa identified by anatomical and molecular data
Mycological Progress, 2012Co-Authors: Nourou S. Yorou, Moussa Diabate, Sebastian Gardt, Marielaure Guissou, Reinhard AgererAbstract:We used a combination of molecular-phylogenetic inference of 82 ITS rDNA sequences and anatomical approach to describe three new west African thelephoroid species, namely Tomentella afrostuposa, T. guineensis and T. guinkoi. Anatomically, T. afrostuposa is reminiscent of T. stuposa with globose to broadly ellipsoid large basidiospores of 8–14 μm, long aculei of up to 3 μm and prominent apiculi of 2 μm width. Molecular-phylogenetically, it falls within the T. stuposa complex. However, T. afrostuposa deviates by at least 7.80–10.74% from T. stuposa in regard with the ITS rDNA sequences. Tomentella guineensis is characterised by long (up to 85 μm) utriform basidia, the presence of reniform basidiospores in lateral view (up to 9 μm) with aculei not exceeding 1 μm and a strong cyanescent reaction of the subhymenial hyphae and basidia in 2.5% KOH. It forms a sister species of the newly described species Tomentella maroana; however, deviating from the last species by at least 9.75–10.04%. The very short, inflated (up to 14 μm) and thick-walled septate (septa up to 1.5 μm) subhymenial hyphae combined with ellipsoid basidiospores (up to 8 μm) and short aculei not exceeding 0.5 μm characterise Tomentella guinkoi. Anatomically, T. guinkoi recalls T. ellisii. Genetic distance between both species ranges from 12.67 to 13.73% according to ITS rDNA sequences analyses. Tomentella guinkoi forms a sister species of the group composed of T. ellisii, T. hjortstamiana and T. pisoniae. Detailed anatomical comparisons between the newly described species and their close relatives are given.
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phylogenetic placement and anatomical characterisation of two new west african Tomentella basidiomycota fungi species
Mycological Progress, 2012Co-Authors: Nourou S. Yorou, Moussa Diabate, Reinhard AgererAbstract:Tomentella amyloapiculata and T. agbassaensis are described as new species within the genus Tomentella based on materials we collected in the West African, northern Guinean seasonal forests. We used a combination of anatomical characters, sequence analyses and phylogenetic inference of 71 ITS rDNA sequences to characterise the two new species. Anatomically, T. amyloapiculata is characterised by simple septate brown to dark brown, thick-walled subicular and subhymenial hyphae and triangular to slightly lobed brown basidiospores (in frontal view), with isolate aculei of 1–2 μm. Phylogenetically, T. amyloapiculata forms a sister species of T. fuscocinerea with a moderate bootstrap support of 70%. T. amyloapiculata deviates from T. fuscocinerea by 10.07–11.73% in their sequence similarities. As far as T. agbassaensis is concerned, it clusters phylogenetically together with T. bryophila with a strong bootstrap support of 99%. The species is characterised by slightly differentiated rhizomorphs with yellowish hyphae, clamped, thick-walled and yellow to dark yellow subicular hyphae and pale yellow, small basidiospores of 6–8(8.5) μm with aculei of up to 0.5 μm. Both new species deviated from each other by 11.0–11.60% with regard to the ITS rDNA nucleotides.
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description and identification of alnus acuminata ectomycorrhizae from argentinean alder stands
Mycologia, 2010Co-Authors: Karin Pritsch, Leho Tedersoo, Alejandra Gabriela Becerra, Sergei Polme, Michael Schloter, Reinhard AgererAbstract:The objective of this study was to describe the morphological and anatomical features of five unidentified ectomycorrhizal types of Alnus acuminata and to complement their identification based on ITS-rDNA sequence analysis. The combined approach of morphotyping and sequence analysis based on ITS sequence comparison with sequences contained in GenBank and the UNITE database let us assign three of the five field-collected ectomycorrhiza morphotypes to the Tomentella-thelephora lineage that closely matched European and North American species. The sequencing results within Tomentella point toward alder specific clades within T. sublilacina, T. ellisii and T. stuposa sensu lato. The two other EcM morphotypes matched Lactarius omphaliiformis and a Russula sp. Better focused, concomitant fruit body surveys are needed for accurate identification of South American ectomycorrhizal fungi because of the evidence of cryptic speciation in both agaricoid and resupinate mycobionts.
Nourou S. Yorou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ectomycorrhizae of Tomentella badia: description and molecular identification
Acta Mycologica, 2013Co-Authors: Andrea Binder, Nourou S. Yorou, Derek Peršoh, Rita Verma, Claus Bässler, Reinhard AgererAbstract:Species within the genera Tomentella are among the most important ECM in forests. However, our knowledge about their functional characteristics is still rather limited. The ectomycorrhizae of Tomentella badia on Picea abies are described here in detail and compared to the non-identified ECM Piceirhiza obscura . A pseudoparenchymatous mantle formed by epidermoid cells is covered by heaps of epidermoid cells. This mantle type is regarded as a new one and designated as mantle type R. Many cells filled with dark blue contents and/or blue granules, together with clampless hyphae, are distinct characters of these ectomycorrhizae. Molecular-phylogenetic analysis of the ITS region was used for identification.
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two new resupinate thelephorales basidiomycota agaricomycetes from guinea west africa
Nova Hedwigia, 2013Co-Authors: Nourou S. Yorou, Moussa Diabate, Reinhard AgererAbstract:Tomentella minispora and T. baroensis are described as new species from West Africa based on anatomical evidence, ITS rDNA sequence analyses and molecular-phylogenetic inference. T. minispora is characterized by subglobose to globose small basidiospores with size ranging from 5.5 μm to 7.5 μm, short aculei of up to 0.8 μm and strongly inflated subhymenial hyphae (up to 23 μm). Both, sequence analyses and molecular-phylogenetic inference indicate the proximity of T. minispora to the clampless species T. amyloapiculata and T. fuscocinerea. Tomentella baroensis is characterized by the presence of extremely large young basidia (up to 20 μm wide), ellipsoid to lobed basidiospores of 8–13 μm and short aculei not exceeding 1 μm long. So far such large young basidia are known only from T. terrestris. However, ITS rDNA sequence analyses revealed that T. baroensis deviates from T. terrestris by at least 17 to 18%. Sequence analyses suggest T. ellisii as the most similar species to T. baroensis, whilst molecular-phylogenetic inference places it close to T. pisoniae and T. hjortstamiana, together with T. ellisii originating from deeper branch of the clade. Detailed anatomy and original iconographs are provided for both new species. Anatomical comparisons are made between the newly described species with their anatomically and molecularphylogenetically close ones.
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three new Tomentella species from west africa identified by anatomical and molecular data
Mycological Progress, 2012Co-Authors: Nourou S. Yorou, Moussa Diabate, Sebastian Gardt, Marielaure Guissou, Reinhard AgererAbstract:We used a combination of molecular-phylogenetic inference of 82 ITS rDNA sequences and anatomical approach to describe three new west African thelephoroid species, namely Tomentella afrostuposa, T. guineensis and T. guinkoi. Anatomically, T. afrostuposa is reminiscent of T. stuposa with globose to broadly ellipsoid large basidiospores of 8–14 μm, long aculei of up to 3 μm and prominent apiculi of 2 μm width. Molecular-phylogenetically, it falls within the T. stuposa complex. However, T. afrostuposa deviates by at least 7.80–10.74% from T. stuposa in regard with the ITS rDNA sequences. Tomentella guineensis is characterised by long (up to 85 μm) utriform basidia, the presence of reniform basidiospores in lateral view (up to 9 μm) with aculei not exceeding 1 μm and a strong cyanescent reaction of the subhymenial hyphae and basidia in 2.5% KOH. It forms a sister species of the newly described species Tomentella maroana; however, deviating from the last species by at least 9.75–10.04%. The very short, inflated (up to 14 μm) and thick-walled septate (septa up to 1.5 μm) subhymenial hyphae combined with ellipsoid basidiospores (up to 8 μm) and short aculei not exceeding 0.5 μm characterise Tomentella guinkoi. Anatomically, T. guinkoi recalls T. ellisii. Genetic distance between both species ranges from 12.67 to 13.73% according to ITS rDNA sequences analyses. Tomentella guinkoi forms a sister species of the group composed of T. ellisii, T. hjortstamiana and T. pisoniae. Detailed anatomical comparisons between the newly described species and their close relatives are given.
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phylogenetic placement and anatomical characterisation of two new west african Tomentella basidiomycota fungi species
Mycological Progress, 2012Co-Authors: Nourou S. Yorou, Moussa Diabate, Reinhard AgererAbstract:Tomentella amyloapiculata and T. agbassaensis are described as new species within the genus Tomentella based on materials we collected in the West African, northern Guinean seasonal forests. We used a combination of anatomical characters, sequence analyses and phylogenetic inference of 71 ITS rDNA sequences to characterise the two new species. Anatomically, T. amyloapiculata is characterised by simple septate brown to dark brown, thick-walled subicular and subhymenial hyphae and triangular to slightly lobed brown basidiospores (in frontal view), with isolate aculei of 1–2 μm. Phylogenetically, T. amyloapiculata forms a sister species of T. fuscocinerea with a moderate bootstrap support of 70%. T. amyloapiculata deviates from T. fuscocinerea by 10.07–11.73% in their sequence similarities. As far as T. agbassaensis is concerned, it clusters phylogenetically together with T. bryophila with a strong bootstrap support of 99%. The species is characterised by slightly differentiated rhizomorphs with yellowish hyphae, clamped, thick-walled and yellow to dark yellow subicular hyphae and pale yellow, small basidiospores of 6–8(8.5) μm with aculei of up to 0.5 μm. Both new species deviated from each other by 11.0–11.60% with regard to the ITS rDNA nucleotides.
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Tomentella africana a new species from benin west africa identified by morphological and molecular data
Mycologia, 2008Co-Authors: Nourou S. Yorou, Reinhard AgererAbstract:A common resupinate thelephoroid fungus was collected in northern Guinean seasonal forests in central and north of Benin (West Africa). The species is reminiscent of Tomentella umbrinospora with respect to the color and thickness of basidiomata and rhizomorphs, the shape of basidiospores in frontal view and the size of subicular hyphae. Both species fall phylogenetically within two clades. Based on detailed anatomical comparison (mostly of rhizomorphs and basidiospores) with the holotype of T. umbrinospora and phylogenetic analyses including ITS rDNA sequences of 40 Tomentella species, T. africana is described as a new species. Genetic distance between the newly described species and T. umbrinospora is 12.1–12.9%, based on ITS rDNA sequences. T. africana is characterized anatomically by yellow-brown thick (0.3–0.8 mm) monomitic rhizomorphs that are commonly covered by irregularly shaped thin hyphae, thin- to thick-walled subicular hyphae of two size ranges, clavate and clamped basidia of 30–60 μm and ligh...
Jingyuan Song - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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highly variable chloroplast genome from two endangered papaveraceae lithophytes corydalis Tomentella and corydalis saxicola
Ecology and Evolution, 2021Co-Authors: Fengming Ren, Liqiang Wang, Wei Zhuo, Haojie Guo, Yan Liu, Ranran Gao, Jingyuan SongAbstract:The increasingly wide application of chloroplast (cp) genome super-barcode in taxonomy and the recent breakthrough in cp genetic engineering make the development of new cp gene resources urgent and significant. Corydalis is recognized as the most genotypes complicated and taxonomically challenging plant taxa in Papaveraceae. However, there currently are few reports about cp genomes of the genus Corydalis. In this study, we sequenced four complete cp genomes of two endangered lithophytes Corydalis saxicola and Corydalis Tomentella in Corydalis, conducted a comparison of these cp genomes among each other as well as with others of Papaveraceae. The cp genomes have a large genome size of 189,029-190,247 bp, possessing a quadripartite structure and with two highly expanded inverted repeat (IR) regions (length: 41,955-42,350 bp). Comparison between the cp genomes of C. Tomentella, C. saxicola, and Papaveraceae species, five NADH dehydrogenase-like genes (ndhF, ndhD, ndhL, ndhG, and ndhE) with psaC, rpl32, ccsA, and trnL-UAG normally located in the SSC region have migrated to IRs, resulting in IR expansion and gene duplication. An up to 9 kb inversion involving five genes (rpl23, ycf2, ycf15, trnI-CAU, and trnL-CAA) was found within IR regions. The accD gene was found to be absent and the ycf1 gene has shifted from the IR/SSC border to the SSC region as a single copy. Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of common CDS showed that the genus Corydalis is quite distantly related to the other genera of Papaveraceae, it provided a new clue for recent advocacy to establish a separate Fumariaceae family. Our results revealed one special cp genome structure in Papaveraceae, provided a useful resources for classification of the genus Corydalis, and will be valuable for understanding Papaveraceae evolutionary relationships.
Mahnaz Khanavi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chemical Constitute and Larvicidal Activity of Fractions of Ajuga chamaecistus Tomentella Plant against Malaria Vector Anopheles stephensi
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2017Co-Authors: Mahnaz Khanavi, Behnaz Najafi, Seyede Nargess Sadati, Mohammad Reza Abai, Hassan VatandoostAbstract:Backgrand: The genus Ajuga, belongs to Lamiaceae family, is one of the exclusive subspecies in the flora of Iran. The plants of this genus are used traditionally for treatment of joints pain, gout, jaundice, and as insecticide.Methods: larvicidal activity of methanol 80% extract and partition fractions of hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate obtained from aerial parts of Ajuga chamaecistus subspecies Tomentella against malaria vector An. stephensi was evaluated. Phytochemical study of active fraction was analyzed using column chromatography and spectroscopy.Results: According to the results, among different fractions, hexane fraction has the most larvicidal activity with mortality rate of 100% in concentration of 102 ppm and LC50 of 95.66ppm. The structure of compound 1, main phytoecdysteroid compound separated from hexane fraction, was determined to be ajugalide-E.Conclusion: The results suggested that the hexane fraction of Ajuga chamaecistus subsp Tomentella could be used as a natural and biodegradable insecticide.
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quantification of 20 hydroxyecdysone a major phytoecdysteroid in ajuga chamaecistus ssp Tomentella using high performance liquid chromatography
Traditional and Integrative Medicine, 2016Co-Authors: Seyede Nargess Sadati, Mahnaz Khanavi, Somayeh Jahantab, Parisa Ziyarati, Mohammad Reza ShamsardekaniAbstract:The genus Ajuga is used for the treatment of joint pain, gout, jaundice, and wound healing in Iranian traditional medicine. Ajuga chamaecistus ssp. Tomentella is an exclusive subspecies of Ajuga chamaecistus in the flora of Iran. Plants belong to Ajuga species are advantageous sources of phytoecdysteroids. 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) is an important phytoecdysteroid with anabolic property. This study aimed to determine and quantify 20E in methanolic extract of aerial parts of Ajuga chamaecistus ssp. Tomentella. The standard reference of 20E was isolated from n-butanolic fraction of aerial parts of Ajuga chamaecistus ssp. Tomentella using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The analysis was carried out on an ODSA (C18) column with isocratic elution using water–acetonitrile (75:25). The standard calibration curve represented good linearity (r2 = 0.9997). The limit of quantification (S/N = 10) and detection (S/N = 3) were determined as 7.93 and 2.38 µg/ml, respectively. The content of 20E in methanolic extract of Ajuga chamaecistus ssp. Tomentella was determined to be 2.58% (w/w) (0.46% in dry plant). The quantitative proportion of the 20E found in Ajuga chamaecistus ssp. Tomentella extract proposes the possible uses of this plant in commercial formulations or as a source of 20E.
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antinociceptive effect of some extracts from ajuga chamaecistus ging ssp Tomentella boiss rech f aerial parts
DARU, 2014Co-Authors: Mahnaz Khanavi, Seyede Nargess Sadati, Araz Mohammad Davoodipoor, Mohammad Reza Shams Ardekani, Mohammad SharifzadehAbstract:Background: The genus Ajuga is used for the treatment of joint pain, gout, and jaundice in traditional Iranian medicine (TIM). Ajuga chamaecistus ssp. Tomentella is an exclusive subspecies of Ajuga chamaecistus in the flora of Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate antinociceptive properties of some extracts from aerial parts of A. chamaecistus ssp .t omentella. Methods: Antinociceptive activities of total water and 80% methanol extracts, hexane, diethyl ether and n-butanolic partition fractions of the methanolic extract were analyzed using the formalin test in mice. Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) and normal saline were employed as positive and negative controls, respectively. Results: Oral administration of all extracts (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) 30 min before formalin injection had no effect against the acute phase (0–5 min after formalin injection) of the formalin-induced licking time, but hexane fraction (200 mg/kg) caused a significant effect (p< 0.001) on the chronic phase (15–60 min after formalin injection). Total water and diethyl ether extracts at a dose of 400 mg/kg showed a very significant analgesic activity on the chronic phase (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the extracts of A. chamaecistus ssp. Tomentella have an analgesic property that supports traditional use of Ajuga genus for joint pain and other inflammatory diseases.
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major constituents and cytotoxic effects of ajuga chamaecistus ssp Tomentella
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 2012Co-Authors: Nargess Sadati, Mohammad Reza Shams Ardekani, Kristina Jenettsiems, Karsten Siems, Abbas Hadjiakhoondi, Tahmineh Akbarzadeh, Seyed Nasser Ostad, Mahnaz KhanaviAbstract:The n-butanolic fraction of a methanolic extract (80%) from aerial parts of Ajuga chamaecistus ssp. Tomentella was analysed using different chromatographic methods. Column (CC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used for isolation and purification. 13C, H NMR, H-H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and ESI-MS were employed for identification of the compounds isolated from this fraction. The structures of the compounds were determined to be cis-melilotoside (1), trans-melilotoside (2), lavandulifolioside (3), 20-hydroxyecdysone (4), leonoside B (5), martynoside (6), ajugalactone (7), makisterone A (8), and 24-dehydroprecyasterone (9). This is the first report on the presence of cis- and trans-melilotoside in Ajuga species. Cytotoxic evaluation of the n-butanolic fraction, cis- and trans-melilotoside against cancer (T47D, HT-29, and Caco-2) and normal (NIH 3T3) cell lines by the mitochondrial tetrazolium test (MTT) showed no cytotoxic effects up to 400 microg/mL. The results of this study suggest that melilotoside, phenylethyl glycosides, and phytoecdysteroids are the main constituents of the n-butanolic fraction of Ajuga chamaecistus ssp. Tomentella.
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the essential oil composition of ajuga chamaecistus ging subsp Tomentella rech f
Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 2010Co-Authors: M Shams R Ardekani, Mahnaz Khanavi, Poroshat Taheri, Nasrin Samadi, Eliyeh Safaripour, Fahimeh SalimpourAbstract:Abstract The essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of Ajuga chamaecistus Ging. subsp. Tomentella Rech. f..was analyzed by using GC and GC-MS. Forty four compounds representing 95.13 % of the oil were identified. The main ones were thymol (34.45 %), exo-fenchol (15.58 %), β-pinene (8.26 %), 1-octen-3-ol (5.92 %), α-terpineol (3.88 %), 2-hexanol (3.85 %), α-thujene (2.66 %), and α-pinene (2.54 %). The oil was rich in oxygenated monoterpenes. Antibacterial activity of the essential oil was determined using disc diffusion method against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. The experiments showed that the pure essential oils had no antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at 25 μl/disc.
Alejandra I Domic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reproductive phenology of kewina polylepis Tomentella rosaceae in the semi humid puna of chuquisaca bolivia
Ecología en Bolivia - Revista del Instituto de Ecología, 2015Co-Authors: Alejandra I DomicAbstract:En el presente estudio evaluamos la fenologia reproductiva de la kewina (Polylepis Tomentella, Rosaceae) en la puna semihumeda de Bolivia. Esta especie crece en el limite superior del bosque de Bolivia y se encuentra amenazada por bajas tasas de regeneracion, intensificacion del uso del suelo y cambio climatico. Durante dos anos consecutivos, realizamos visitas mensuales para determinar la epoca de floracion y fructificacion en una poblacion ubicada en Jumbate, Chuquisaca. Los resultados mostraron que un elevado porcentaje de los individuos de P. Tomentella (90% en 2009 y 80% en 2010) florecieron durante la epoca seca (mayo–octubre) y fructificaron a principios de la epoca humeda (agosto–diciembre). Los arboles produjeron tres veces mas flores (44.7 ± 6.4 flores/rama) y frutos (24 ± 2.7 frutos/rama) que los arbustos (15.86 ± 2.18 flores/rama; 9.3 ± 1.3 frutos/rama). Los arboles con una copa mayor a 200 m2 produjeron 2.5 veces mas flores frutos que arboles mas pequenos. Los patrones reproductivos de P. Tomentella son similares a los de especies arboreas que habitan los bosques secos tropicales. Los resultados del estudio pueden apoyar a programas de reforestacion porque se identificaron epocas de floracion y fructificacion, asi como las caracteristicas morfologicas de los individuos potencialmente semilleros.
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small scale farming and grazing reduce regeneration of polylepis Tomentella rosaceae in the semiarid andes of bolivia
Biotropica, 2014Co-Authors: Alejandra I Domic, Gerardo R Camilo, Jose M CaprilesAbstract:In the Andean highlands, Polylepis woodlands are a rare and unique ecosystem of the treeline. Although human activities have caused the loss of extensive forested areas and decreased woodland regeneration, few systematic and quantitative assessments have been carried out in Polylepis forests. This study compares differences in habitat characteristics, population structure, and reproductive output in populations of Polylepis Tomentella subject to different levels of human disturbance in the south-central Andes of Bolivia. We selected P. Tomentella because the species still covers large extensions in the form of fragmented forest patches. Results show that human activities affected all the studied populations. Moderately disturbed populations exhibited a lower percentage of farmed area (0.6%) and browsed plants (4%) than strongly disturbed populations (5% and 12%, respectively). All populations exhibited similar proportion of plants with logging scars. Potassium content and canopy closure were 1.5 and 2.5 higher, respectively, in strongly disturbed populations. The density of saplings and seedlings were 75 percent and 80 percent lower in strongly disturbed populations than in moderately disturbed population, even though reproductive individuals produced twice more flowers and fruits. Our results suggest that fruit production does not limit regeneration of P. Tomentella and post-dispersal mechanisms may decrease seed germination and increase seedling mortality. Overall, strongly disturbed populations will be less likely to regenerate, leading to population decline. Conservation programs should facilitate forest recovery by promoting seedling establishment, reducing overharvesting and over-browsing, and protecting remaining adult plants.
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fenologia reproductiva de la kewina polylepis Tomentella rosaceae en la puna semihumeda de chuquisaca bolivia reproductive phenology of kewina polylepis Tomentella rosaceae in the semi humid puna of chuquisaca bolivia
2013Co-Authors: Alejandra I Domic, Evelina Mamani, Gerardo R Camilo, Herbario Nacional De Bolivia, Calle CalvoAbstract:This study evaluated the reproductive phenology of the kewina (Polylepis Tomentella, Rosaceae) in the semi-humid puna of Bolivia. The species grows in the treeline of Bolivia and is threatened by low rates of regeneration, land-use intensification, and climate change. For two consecutive years, we carried out monthly visits to determine the flowering and fruiting time in in Jumbate, Chuquisaca. Results showed that a large percentage of individuals of P. Tomentella (90% in 2009 and 80% in 2010) produced flowers during the dry season (May–October) and fruits at the beginning of the wet season (August–December). Trees produced three times more flowers (44.7 ± 6.4 flowers/branch) and fruits (24 ± 2.7 fruits/branch) than shrubs (15.86 ± 2.18 flowers/ branch; 9.3 ± 1.3 fruits/branch). Furthermore, large individuals with a canopy area of 200 m 2
