The Experts below are selected from a list of 132 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Russell B. Millar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mono- vs multifilament baited conical hoop (tangle) nets: Effects on portunid catches and marine debris
Fisheries Research, 2019Co-Authors: Matt K. Broadhurst, Russell B. MillarAbstract:Abstract Small, baited polyamide (PA) hoop (tangle) nets are a popular recreational fishing gear for targeting portunids (Scylla serrata and Portunus armatus) in southeastern Australia and are comparable to other tangle and entrapment gears used more broadly throughout tropic-temperate regions. While their selectivity is appropriate for legal-sized portunids (≥85 and ≥60 mm carapace length; CL, respectively) and bycatches are low, hoop nets can be damaged and lose twine as marine debris. We investigated an applied solution to this problem here by fishing conventional multifilament hoop nets (made from 0.98-mm diameter–O white twisted PA twine) against those made from three diameters (0.65–0.86 mm) of clear monofilament PA twine—a material currently prohibited throughout south-eastern Australian net-based gears owing to an historical perception of excessive efficiencies. Compared to the multifilament hoop nets, all three monofilament hoop nets similarly maintained diel catches of S. serrata but retained significantly fewer (by 67–92%) P. armatus, and without affecting non-target catches. Irrespective of the targeted species, there was less hoop-net damage and twine lost (reduced by 69–99% from an average of 114 mm lost 3-h overnight deployment–1 for the conventional hoop nets) among monofilament hoop nets, which was also negatively correlated to their twine diameter. The results were attributed to the greater stiffness and abrasion resistance of monofilament limiting (i) entangling among smaller P. armatus and (ii) breakage when targeting both species, respectively. For this fishing gear, monofilament clearly is not associated with greater efficiency as perceived; rather it might be encouraged as an inexpensive solution for mitigating marine debris among hoop nets when targeting S. serrata.
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Effects of twine material on the marine debris and relative ghost fishing of portunid hoop (tangle) nets
Aquaculture and Fisheries, 2019Co-Authors: Matt K. Broadhurst, Russell B. MillarAbstract:Abstract Portunids are important to recreational fisheries in Australia and typically are harvested by baited gears. Most of these baited gears are considered environmentally benign, although small conical hoop (tangle) nets fished in southeastern Australia sometimes are damaged and lose twine, which becomes marine debris. Substituting conventional multifilament polyamide (PA) twine with alternative multi-monofilament and monofilament PA twines in hoop nets can dramatically reduce marine debris, but there remain unanswered questions concerning the relative fishing power of alternative twines among derelict hoop nets. This study addresses the shortfall in data by comparing the efficiencies and damage to replicate hoop nets made from the three twines and left to fish for short (one and two days), medium (three to five days) and long (ten and fourteen days) soaks. Irrespective of twine material or soak time, all hoop nets entangled the same numbers of giant mud crabs, Scylla serrata implying catch saturation within two days. Only four other animals were caught (all yellowfin bream, Acanthopagrus australis) and all died. At least some replicates of all hoop nets were damaged and lost twine, but this was greatest among the multifilament (up to a maximum of 9.3 m hoop-net deployment−1), followed by the multi-monofilament (up to 7.4 m hoop-net deployment−1) and monofilament hoop nets (1.4 m hoop-net deployment−1). Replacing the existing multifilament twine in hoop nets with monofilament when targeting S. serrata would maintain catches and minimise marine debris during conventional soaks, without increasing ghost fishing over the short term.
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reducing the marine debris of recreational hoop nets in south eastern australia
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2017Co-Authors: Matt K. Broadhurst, Russell B. MillarAbstract:Abstract Alternative configurations of Australian recreational portunid hoop nets were investigated to address debris and selectivity issues. Four treatment nets (all comprising 152-mm polyamide–PA mesh) were assessed that differed in their twine (conventional multifilament vs new multi-monofilament) and fishing configuration (conventional conical vs inverted shapes). The conical multifilament design lost means (± SEs) of 130.6 ± 23.1 and 5.3 ± 1.2 mm of twine 3-h soak− 1 when used to target Scylla serrata and Portunus pelagicus. Inverting this hoop net significantly reduced legal-sized catches (by up to 70%) and with greater twine loss (× 5) when targeting P. pelagicus. Conversely, both multi-monofilament configurations maintained legal catches of S. serrata and P. pelagicus, but lost 78 and 95% less twine than the conical multifilament design. Using multi-monofilament hoop nets could reduce PA debris by thousands of m p.a. in south-eastern Australia, without affecting targeted catches. Further, a lower fishing height of inverted multi-monofilament nets might reduce non-portunid bycatch.
Matt K. Broadhurst - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mono- vs multifilament baited conical hoop (tangle) nets: Effects on portunid catches and marine debris
Fisheries Research, 2019Co-Authors: Matt K. Broadhurst, Russell B. MillarAbstract:Abstract Small, baited polyamide (PA) hoop (tangle) nets are a popular recreational fishing gear for targeting portunids (Scylla serrata and Portunus armatus) in southeastern Australia and are comparable to other tangle and entrapment gears used more broadly throughout tropic-temperate regions. While their selectivity is appropriate for legal-sized portunids (≥85 and ≥60 mm carapace length; CL, respectively) and bycatches are low, hoop nets can be damaged and lose twine as marine debris. We investigated an applied solution to this problem here by fishing conventional multifilament hoop nets (made from 0.98-mm diameter–O white twisted PA twine) against those made from three diameters (0.65–0.86 mm) of clear monofilament PA twine—a material currently prohibited throughout south-eastern Australian net-based gears owing to an historical perception of excessive efficiencies. Compared to the multifilament hoop nets, all three monofilament hoop nets similarly maintained diel catches of S. serrata but retained significantly fewer (by 67–92%) P. armatus, and without affecting non-target catches. Irrespective of the targeted species, there was less hoop-net damage and twine lost (reduced by 69–99% from an average of 114 mm lost 3-h overnight deployment–1 for the conventional hoop nets) among monofilament hoop nets, which was also negatively correlated to their twine diameter. The results were attributed to the greater stiffness and abrasion resistance of monofilament limiting (i) entangling among smaller P. armatus and (ii) breakage when targeting both species, respectively. For this fishing gear, monofilament clearly is not associated with greater efficiency as perceived; rather it might be encouraged as an inexpensive solution for mitigating marine debris among hoop nets when targeting S. serrata.
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Effects of twine material on the marine debris and relative ghost fishing of portunid hoop (tangle) nets
Aquaculture and Fisheries, 2019Co-Authors: Matt K. Broadhurst, Russell B. MillarAbstract:Abstract Portunids are important to recreational fisheries in Australia and typically are harvested by baited gears. Most of these baited gears are considered environmentally benign, although small conical hoop (tangle) nets fished in southeastern Australia sometimes are damaged and lose twine, which becomes marine debris. Substituting conventional multifilament polyamide (PA) twine with alternative multi-monofilament and monofilament PA twines in hoop nets can dramatically reduce marine debris, but there remain unanswered questions concerning the relative fishing power of alternative twines among derelict hoop nets. This study addresses the shortfall in data by comparing the efficiencies and damage to replicate hoop nets made from the three twines and left to fish for short (one and two days), medium (three to five days) and long (ten and fourteen days) soaks. Irrespective of twine material or soak time, all hoop nets entangled the same numbers of giant mud crabs, Scylla serrata implying catch saturation within two days. Only four other animals were caught (all yellowfin bream, Acanthopagrus australis) and all died. At least some replicates of all hoop nets were damaged and lost twine, but this was greatest among the multifilament (up to a maximum of 9.3 m hoop-net deployment−1), followed by the multi-monofilament (up to 7.4 m hoop-net deployment−1) and monofilament hoop nets (1.4 m hoop-net deployment−1). Replacing the existing multifilament twine in hoop nets with monofilament when targeting S. serrata would maintain catches and minimise marine debris during conventional soaks, without increasing ghost fishing over the short term.
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reducing the marine debris of recreational hoop nets in south eastern australia
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2017Co-Authors: Matt K. Broadhurst, Russell B. MillarAbstract:Abstract Alternative configurations of Australian recreational portunid hoop nets were investigated to address debris and selectivity issues. Four treatment nets (all comprising 152-mm polyamide–PA mesh) were assessed that differed in their twine (conventional multifilament vs new multi-monofilament) and fishing configuration (conventional conical vs inverted shapes). The conical multifilament design lost means (± SEs) of 130.6 ± 23.1 and 5.3 ± 1.2 mm of twine 3-h soak− 1 when used to target Scylla serrata and Portunus pelagicus. Inverting this hoop net significantly reduced legal-sized catches (by up to 70%) and with greater twine loss (× 5) when targeting P. pelagicus. Conversely, both multi-monofilament configurations maintained legal catches of S. serrata and P. pelagicus, but lost 78 and 95% less twine than the conical multifilament design. Using multi-monofilament hoop nets could reduce PA debris by thousands of m p.a. in south-eastern Australia, without affecting targeted catches. Further, a lower fishing height of inverted multi-monofilament nets might reduce non-portunid bycatch.
Hideo Yaoita - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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epidermolysis bullosa simplex dowling meara type a report of two cases with different types of Tonofilament clumping
British Journal of Dermatology, 1993Co-Authors: Yasuo Kitajima, Yoji Jokura, Hideo YaoitaAbstract:Summary Two cases ofthe Dowling-Meara type of epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) are described. Both had severe blistering at birth, which improved gradually with age. Vesicles and small bullae clustering in a herpetiform fashion were seen in both cases. One showed mild pincer deformity of the nails. and in the other the nail plates were shed after subungual blistering, but regrew without deformity, Histopathology and ultrastructural study showed cytolysis of the basal cells in both cases, but ultrastructurally different forms of Tonofilament clumps were present in epidermal keratinocytes. In one case there was typical round clumping of Tonofilaments, and in the other a whisk-type clumping of Tonofilaments. Cultured keratinocytes from the former produced round clumps of keratin filaments, but those from the latter did not. Review of previous reports of Dowling-Meara EBS revealed that cases could also be divided into two groups in terms of the type of Tonofilament clumping at an ultrastructural level. The possibility of subtyping of Dowling-Meara EBS, and possible mechanisms of the blistering in this disease are discussed.
Petri Suuronen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Use of biodegradable driftnets to prevent ghost fishing: physical properties and fishing performance for yellow croaker
Animal Conservation, 2016Co-Authors: S. Kim, P. Kim, H. An, Jongwoo Lim, Petri SuuronenAbstract:© 2016 The Zoological Society of London When synthetic non-biodegradable fishing nets are lost, abandoned or discarded at sea, they may continue to catch fish and other animals for a long period of time. This phenomenon is known as ‘ghost fishing’. Biodegradable fishing nets, on the other hand, are intended to degrade or decompose after a certain period of time under water and thereby lose their ghost fishing capacity more quickly than conventional gear. A biodegradable net material, a blend of 82% polybutylene succinate (PBS) and 18% polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT), was developed. We examined the physical properties and degradability of the biodegradable monofilament, and compared the fishing performance of driftnets made of conventional nylon and of the biodegradable material. When dry, conventional nylon monofilament exhibited a greater breaking strength and elongation than biodegradable monofilament of the same diameter. When wet, the biodegradable monofilament exhibited a stiffness of c. 1.5-fold than nylon monofilament. This suggests that a net made of the less flexible biodegradable monofilament would have lower fishing efficiency than conventional nets. The fishing performance comparisons between the biodegradable and conventional nylon nets, however, revealed similar catch rates for yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis. Biodegradable monofilament started to degrade after 24 months in seawater by marine organisms. We conclude that biodegradable netting may become a feasible alternative to conventional nylon netting and can contribute to reducing the duration of ghost fishing. Nonetheless, there remain many uncertainties, challenges and knowledge gaps that have to be solved before we are able to draw firm conclusions about the overall benefits of these materials in driftnet fisheries.
Yasuo Kitajima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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epidermolysis bullosa simplex dowling meara type a report of two cases with different types of Tonofilament clumping
British Journal of Dermatology, 1993Co-Authors: Yasuo Kitajima, Yoji Jokura, Hideo YaoitaAbstract:Summary Two cases ofthe Dowling-Meara type of epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) are described. Both had severe blistering at birth, which improved gradually with age. Vesicles and small bullae clustering in a herpetiform fashion were seen in both cases. One showed mild pincer deformity of the nails. and in the other the nail plates were shed after subungual blistering, but regrew without deformity, Histopathology and ultrastructural study showed cytolysis of the basal cells in both cases, but ultrastructurally different forms of Tonofilament clumps were present in epidermal keratinocytes. In one case there was typical round clumping of Tonofilaments, and in the other a whisk-type clumping of Tonofilaments. Cultured keratinocytes from the former produced round clumps of keratin filaments, but those from the latter did not. Review of previous reports of Dowling-Meara EBS revealed that cases could also be divided into two groups in terms of the type of Tonofilament clumping at an ultrastructural level. The possibility of subtyping of Dowling-Meara EBS, and possible mechanisms of the blistering in this disease are discussed.
