The Experts below are selected from a list of 12126 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Marjo Renko - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tonsil mycobiome in pfapa periodic fever aphthous stomatitis pharyngitis adenitis syndrome a case control study
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2021Co-Authors: Mysore V Tejesvi, Terhi Tapiainen, Petri Vanni, Matti Uhari, Marko Suokas, Ulla Lantto, Petri Koivunen, Marjo RenkoAbstract:Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and adenitis syndrome (PFAPA) is the most common periodic fever syndrome in children with unknown etiology, effectively treated with Tonsillectomy. Earlier we have shown that Tonsil microbiome is different in patients with PFAPA as compared to that in controls. Recently, fungal microbiome, mycobiome, has been linked to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. We now investigated the role of mycobiome of Tonsils in PFAPA. Random forest classification, a machine learning approach, was used for the analysis of mycobiome data. We examined Tonsils from 30 children with PFAPA and 22 control children undergoing Tonsillectomy for non-infectious reasons. We identified 103 amplicon sequence variants, mainly from two fungal phyla, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. The mean relative abundance of Candida albicans in the Tonsil mycobiome was 11% (95% CI: 19 to 27%) in cases and 3.4 % (95% CI: -0.8% to 8%) in controls, p =0.104. Mycobiome data showed no statistical difference in differentiating between PFAPA cases and controls compared to a random chance classifier (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.47, SD = 0.05, p = 0.809). In conclusion, in this controlled study, Tonsillar mycobiome in children with PFAPA syndrome did not differ from that of the controls.
Christine Clavel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prevalence and risk factors of human polyomavirus infections in non malignant Tonsils and gargles the split study
Journal of General Virology, 2018Co-Authors: Aboud Kourieh, Jean-damien Combes, Véronique Dalstein, Gary M. Clifford, Christine Clavel, Massimo Tommasino, Jean Lacau St GuilyAbstract:The prevalence of 13 polyomaviruses (PyVs) in the Tonsil brushings and gargles of immunocompetent children and adults was assessed. Patients undergoing Tonsillectomy for benign indications were recruited in 19 centres in France. After resection, the entire outer surface of the right and left halves of the Tonsils was brushed extensively. Gargles were also collected prior to surgery in selected adults. A species-specific multiplex assay was used to detect the DNA of 13 PyVs. In Tonsil brushings (n=689), human PyV 6 (HPyV6) and Merkel cell PyV (MCPyV) were the most prevalent (≈15 %), followed by trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated PyV (TSPyV), BKPyV, Washington University PyV (WUPyV) and human PyV 9 (HPyV9) (1 to 5 %), and human PyV 7 (HPyV7), John Cunningham PyV (JCPyV) and Simian virus 40 (SV40) (<1 %), while no Karolinska Institute PyV (KIPyV), Malawi PyV (MWPyV), human PyV 12 (HPyV12) or Lyon IARC PyV (LIPyV) were detected. The prevalence of TSPyV and BKPyV was significantly higher in children versus adults, whereas for HPyV6 the opposite was found. HPyV6 and WUPyV were significantly more prevalent in men versus women. In gargles (n=139), MCPyV was the most prevalent (≈40 %), followed by HPyV6, HPyV9 and LIPyV (2 to 4 %), and then BKPyV (≈1 %), while other PyVs were not detected. MCPyV and LIPyV were significantly more prevalent in gargles compared to Tonsil brushings, in contrast to HPyV6. We described differing patterns of individual PyV infections in Tonsils and gargles in a large age-stratified population. Comparison of the spectrum of PyVs in paired Tonsil samples and gargles adds to the current knowledge on PyV epidemiology, contributing towards a better understanding of PyV acquisition and transmission and its potential role in head and neck diseases.
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Prevalence of human papillomavirus in Tonsil brushings and gargles in cancer-free patients: The SPLIT study
Oral Oncology, 2017Co-Authors: Jean-damien Combes, Véronique Dalstein, Gary M. Clifford, Christine Clavel, Tarik Gheit, Massimo Tommasino, Jean Lacau St Guily, Silvia FranceschiAbstract:Abstract Objective To evaluate human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in the Tonsil using extensive ex vivo brushing and gargling in a large age-stratified sample of cancer-free patients. Materials and methods From 2012 to 2016, consecutive patients undergoing Tonsillectomy for benign indications in 19 French University Hospitals were invited to participate in the SPLIT study. Immediately after resection, half-Tonsils were extensively brushed at the pathology laboratories on the surface epithelium and in Tonsil crypts to collect exfoliated cells. In 11 centers, patients aged 15 and over (adults) were also asked to provide gargle samples before surgery. HPV-DNA detection used a very sensitive Luminex technology to evaluate 21 HPV types. Results Tonsil brushings from 692 patients aged 1–70 years and gargles from 268 adults were tested for HPV. Among adults, overall HPV prevalence was 3.6% in Tonsil brushings and 13.1% in gargles and HPV16 prevalence was 2.2% and 4.1%, respectively. Among 139 children, Tonsil brushings were positive in two girls (1.4%). Percent agreement in HPV detection in paired Tonsil brushings and gargles in adults was 85.8% and positive agreement 9.5%. HPV prevalence in gargles significantly varied by sex (prevalence ratio in men vs women = 2.1; 95% confidence interval; 1.1–4.1) and Tonsillectomy indication (non-infectious vs. infectious = 4.9; 1.4–17.0). Conclusion HPV infection is infrequent in Tonsil brushings of cancer-free children and adults. In contrast, HPV infection in gargles in adults is rather common. Low agreement in paired Tonsil brushings and gargles suggests that gargle is not representative of HPV prevalence in the Tonsil.
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Human papillomavirus genotype distribution in Tonsil cancers
Head & neck oncology, 2011Co-Authors: Jean Lacau St Guily, Christine Clavel, Claire Okaïs, Jean-luc Prétet, Agnès Beby-defaux, Gérard Agius, Philippe Birembaut, Anne-carole Jacquard, Yann Leocmach, Benoît SoubeyrandAbstract:The incidence of Tonsil cancers has increased in several countries. French data on HPV prevalence in Tonsil cancers are scarce. The objective of this study was thus to assess the overall and type specific HPV prevalence in Tonsil histological samples. This French retrospective multicenter study involved 12 centres located throughout the country. Were included 185 histological samples collected from year 2000 to 2009 with a validated diagnosis of Tonsil invasive carcinomas. HPV prevalence was studied according to gender, age and histological type of cancer. Overall HPV prevalence was 57% in Tonsil cancers. Mean age of diagnosis was comparable in HPV positive Tonsils cases (60 ± 11.2) and HPV negative Tonsil cases (59 ± 9.6). HPV prevalence was significantly higher in female than in male cases (28/35 versus 78/150 in Tonsil cases, respectively, P = 0.003). About 53% of Tonsil cases were infected by a single HPV type. Only eight (4%) samples were infected by more than one HPV type. Among HPV positive samples, HPV 16 was found in 89% of Tonsil cases. All other HPV types had prevalence below 5%. Our results indicate that HPV is common in Tonsil carcinomas and emphasize the predominant role of HPV 16.
Andreas Jung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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induction and maintenance of allergen specific foxp3 treg cells in human Tonsils as potential first line organs of oral tolerance
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2012Co-Authors: Oscar Palomares, Beate Ruckert, Tuomas Jartti, Umut Can Kucuksezer, Tuomo Puhakka, E Gomez, Heinz B Fahrner, Andreas Speiser, Andreas JungAbstract:Background Tonsils are strategically located in the gateway of both alimentary and respiratory tracts representing the first contact point of food and aeroallergens with the immune system. Tonsillectomy removes only the palatine Tonsils and sometimes adenoids. Lingual Tonsil is anatomically big and remains lifelong intact. Objective The aim of this study was to demonstrate cellular and molecular mechanisms of oral tolerance induction to food and aeroallergens in human Tonsils. Methods Tonsil allergen-specific FOXP3 + regulatory T (Treg) cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), and myeloid dendritic cells were characterized by flow cytometry and suppressive assays. Intracellular staining, [ 3 H]-thymidine incorporation, and carboxy-fluorescein succinimidyl ester dilution experiments were performed. Tonsil biopsies were analyzed by confocal microscopy. Results CD4 + FOXP3 + Treg cells and pDCs constitute important T- and dendritic cell–compartments in palatine and lingual Tonsils. Tonsil pDCs have the ability to generate functional CD4 + CD25 + CD127 − FOXP3 + Treg cells with suppressive property from naive T cells. CD4 + FOXP3 + Treg cells proliferate and colocalize with pDCs in vivo in T-cell areas of lingual and palatine Tonsils. Tonsil T cells did not proliferate to common food and aeroallergens. Depletion of FOXP3 + Treg cells enables the allergen-induced proliferation of Tonsil T cells, indicating an active role of Treg cells in allergen-specific T-cell unresponsiveness. High numbers of major birch pollen allergen, Bet v 1–specific CD4 + FOXP3 + Treg cells, are identified in human Tonsils compared with peripheral blood. A positive correlation between the percentages of FOXP3 + Treg cells and pDCs is observed in Tonsils from nonatopic individuals. Conclusion Functional allergen-specific Treg cells are identified both in lingual and in palatine Tonsils.
Clinton Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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latency related gene encoded by bovine herpesvirus 1 promotes virus growth and reactivation from latency in Tonsils of infected calves
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2005Co-Authors: Sandra Perez, Melissa Inman, Alan R Doster, Clinton JonesAbstract:Infection of calves with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) results in transient immunosuppression that may lead to bacterium-induced pneumonia and, occasionally, death. Although sensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) are the primary site of BHV-1 latency, viral genomes are detected in the Tonsils of latently infected calves. Dexamethasone (DEX) consistently induces reactivation from latency, and viral gene expression is detected in TG and Tonsils. In sensory neurons of latently infected calves, the latency-related (LR) gene is abundantly expressed and is required for reactivation from latency. In the present study, we compared the abilities of wild-type (wt) BHV-1 and a strain with a mutation in the LR gene (the LR mutant strain) to grow in the Tonsils of infected calves and reactivate from latency. Lower levels of the LR mutant virus were detected in the Tonsils of acutely infected calves. LR mutant viral DNA was consistently detected by PCR in the Tonsils of latently infected calves, suggesting that the establishment of a latent or persistent infection occurred. Although the LR mutant did not reactivate from latency in vivo after DEX treatment, explantation of Tonsil tissue from calves latently infected with the LR mutant yielded infectious virus. Relative to wt BHV-1, the LR mutant did not induce explant-induced reactivation as efficiently. These studies indicate that the LR gene promotes virus shedding from Tonsil tissue during acute infection and reactivation from latency in Tonsil tissue in vivo. We suggest that incorporation of the LR gene mutation into existing modified live vaccines would prevent reactivation from latency in neural and nonneural sites and would thus prevent transmission to other animals.
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persistence and reactivation of bovine herpesvirus 1 in the Tonsils of latently infected calves
Journal of Virology, 2000Co-Authors: M T C Winkler, Alan R Doster, Clinton JonesAbstract:Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), like other members of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, establishes latent infection in sensory neurons. Reactivation from latency can occur after natural or corticosteroid-induced stress culminating in recurrent disease and/or virus transmission to uninfected animals. Our previous results concluded that CD4+ T cells in the Tonsil and other adjacent lymph nodes are infected and undergo apoptosis during acute infection (M. T. Winkler, A. Doster, and C. Jones, J. Virol. 73:8657–8668, 1999). To test whether BHV-1 persisted in lymphoreticular tissue, we analyzed Tonsils of latently infected calves for the presence of viral DNA and gene expression. BHV-1 DNA was consistently detected in the Tonsils of latently infected calves. Detection of the latency-related transcript (LRT) in Tonsils of latently infected calves required nested reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) suggesting that only a few cells contained viral DNA or that LRT is not an abundant transcript. bICP0 (immediate-early and early transcripts), ribonucleotide reductase (early transcript), and glycoprotein C (late transcript) were not detected by RT-PCR in latently infected calves. When reactivation was initiated by dexamethasone, bICP0 and ribonucleotide reductase transcripts were detected. Following dexamethasone treatment, viral nucleic acid was detected simultaneously in trigeminal ganglionic neurons and lymphoid follicles of Tonsil. LRT was detected at 6 and 24 h after dexamethasone treatment but not at 48 h. Dexamethasone-induced reactivation led to apoptosis that was localized to Tonsillar lymphoid follicles. Taken together, these findings suggest that the Tonsil is a site for persistence or latency from which virus can be reactivated by dexamethasone. We further hypothesize that the shedding of virus from the Tonsil during reactivation plays a role in virus transmission.
Jong Hwan Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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palatine Tonsil size in obese overweight and normal weight children with sleep disordered breathing
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 2010Co-Authors: Jong Hwan Wang, Yoosam Chung, Young Wook Cho, Doyoun Kim, Ji Seon Bae, Myung Joo ShimAbstract:Abstract Objective To assess palatine Tonsil size relative to degree of obesity in children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Study Design Case-control study. Setting Tertiary care rhinology clinic. Subjects and Methods We compared the subjective and objective Tonsil size, including Tonsil height (TH), Tonsil width (TW), Tonsil thickness (TT), Tonsil weight (TWt), and Tonsil volume (TV), in 26 obese children and 26 age- and gender-matched control children with SDB, and in 29 overweight children and 29 matched controls with SDB. Results Despite similar subjective Tonsil size in obese and control children, the objective Tonsil size, including TH, TW, TT, and TWt, was larger in obese than in control children, and the mean TV was significantly greater in obese than in control children with SDB (8.53 ± 3.30 mL vs 6.90 ± 2.05 mL; 95% confidence interval [CI] of the difference 0.03-3.25; P = 0.019). In contrast, mean TV (7.38 ± 3.43 mL vs 7.65 ± 1.97 mL; 95% CI −1.92 to 1.37; P = 0.320) as well as the other parameters of objective palatine Tonsil size, including TH, TW, TT, and TWt, did not differ significantly between overweight children and controls. Conclusion Obese children with SDB had larger palatine Tonsils than did normal-weight children with SDB. This finding suggests that larger palatine Tonsils may have a greater effect on upper airway obstruction in obese than in normal-weight children with SDB.
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palatine Tonsil size and its correlation with subjective Tonsil size in patients with sleep disordered breathing
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 2009Co-Authors: Jong Hwan Wang, Yoosam Chung, Yong Ju Jang, Bongjae LeeAbstract:Abstract Objective To investigate the correlation of subjective Tonsil size with real palatine Tonsil size and to compare the differences of each parameter according to subjective Tonsil size and between children and adults. Study Design Prospective evaluation of subjective Tonsil size (0-4+) and real palatine Tonsil size, including Tonsil height (TH), Tonsil width (TW), Tonsil thickness (TT), total Tonsil volume (TTV), and embedded Tonsil volume (ETV) within the Tonsillar fossa. Setting Tertiary-care rhinologic clinic. Subjects and Methods We measured TH, TW, TT, TTV, and ETV in 277 children and 63 adults with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Results In both children and adults, subjective Tonsil size was significantly correlated with TTV, TH, TW, and TT (correlation coefficients 0.199-0.427 for children and 0.462-0.551 for adults). In children, TTV increased in proportion to subjective Tonsil size, but about 45 percent and 34 percent of Tonsils markedly deviated from the mean value of their TTV in size 2 and 3 groups, respectively. In adults, TTV of subjective Tonsil size 3 and 4 groups was significantly larger than that of size 1 and 2 groups. Conclusions Real palatine Tonsil size correlated with subjective Tonsil size in both children and adults with SDB. Although there is a statistical correlation in children between TTV and subjective Tonsil size, there is significant discordance in size 2 and 3 groups, thus greatly limiting the value of subjective Tonsil size assessment in the majority of children. However, adult subjective Tonsil size may reflect real palatine Tonsil size and may help predict it preoperatively.
