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Ken Osaka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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high prevalence of Toothache among great east japan earthquake survivors living in temporary housing
Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2019Co-Authors: Masahiro Tsuchiya, Jun Aida, Takashi Watanabe, Masamichi Shinoda, Yumi Sugawara, Yasutake Tomata, Yutaka Yabe, Takuya Sekiguchi, Makoto Watanabe, Ken OsakaAbstract:OBJECTIVES The Great East Japan Earthquake and subsequent tsunami cause large-scale destruction in the north-eastern coastal areas in Japan, and forced many survivors to relocate to prefabricated temporary housing, a typical emergency accommodation. Based on the hypothesis that higher Toothache prevalence among the disaster survivors is associated with postdisaster distress, we determined the impact of temporary residential environment as potential stressor on the subjective Toothache prevalence. METHODS A repeated cross-sectional health survey based on self-reported questionnaire was conducted in 2776 disaster survivors, of whom 1446 participants underwent dental examination by dentists. Housing type was categorized into three groups including the same housing as before the earthquake, temporary housing and rented/new housing. The association of housing type with subjective Toothache prevalence was examined using multivariate logistic regression analysis in all subjects and subgroup analysis in dental examination applicants. Stratified analysis by survey wave was applied with inclusion of covariates such as the socio-demographic factors, and presence of insomnia and psychological distress. In subgroup analysis, presence of dental caries and gum problems in dental examination were included as factors of direct exposure to subjective Toothache. RESULTS In the first survey wave, the participants living in the temporary housing had significantly higher odds ratio (OR) for Toothache prevalence compared to the participants living in the same housing (OR: 3.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.85-7.65, P < 0.001); whereas in all other survey waves, there was no significant difference. Subgroup analysis of dental examination applicants confirmed the presence of significant association of subjective Toothache prevalence in the temporary housing group alone (OR: 3.27, 95% CI: 1.38-7.76, P = 0.004), but not in the rented/new housing group (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 0.57-3.91, P = 0.411), even after adjusting for covariates related to oral findings. CONCLUSION Temporary housing may be a factor to increase the risk of subjective Toothache among disaster survivors only at postdisaster acute phase.
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High prevalence of Toothache among Great East Japan Earthquake survivors living in temporary housing.
Community dentistry and oral epidemiology, 2018Co-Authors: Masahiro Tsuchiya, Jun Aida, Takashi Watanabe, Masamichi Shinoda, Yumi Sugawara, Yasutake Tomata, Yutaka Yabe, Takuya Sekiguchi, Makoto Watanabe, Ken OsakaAbstract:OBJECTIVES The Great East Japan Earthquake and subsequent tsunami cause large-scale destruction in the north-eastern coastal areas in Japan, and forced many survivors to relocate to prefabricated temporary housing, a typical emergency accommodation. Based on the hypothesis that higher Toothache prevalence among the disaster survivors is associated with postdisaster distress, we determined the impact of temporary residential environment as potential stressor on the subjective Toothache prevalence. METHODS A repeated cross-sectional health survey based on self-reported questionnaire was conducted in 2776 disaster survivors, of whom 1446 participants underwent dental examination by dentists. Housing type was categorized into three groups including the same housing as before the earthquake, temporary housing and rented/new housing. The association of housing type with subjective Toothache prevalence was examined using multivariate logistic regression analysis in all subjects and subgroup analysis in dental examination applicants. Stratified analysis by survey wave was applied with inclusion of covariates such as the socio-demographic factors, and presence of insomnia and psychological distress. In subgroup analysis, presence of dental caries and gum problems in dental examination were included as factors of direct exposure to subjective Toothache. RESULTS In the first survey wave, the participants living in the temporary housing had significantly higher odds ratio (OR) for Toothache prevalence compared to the participants living in the same housing (OR: 3.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.85-7.65, P
Thiago Cruvinel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Is the Quality of Toothache-Related Information Published in Brazilian Websites Adequate to Assist People in Seeking Dental Treatment?
Oral health & preventive dentistry, 2020Co-Authors: Matheus Lotto, Patricia Estefania Ayala Aguirre, Natalino Lourenço Neto, A. F. P. Cruvinel, Thiago CruvinelAbstract:PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the readability and the quality of Toothache-related information found in Brazilian websites. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-five websites retrieved from Google Search, Baidu, Yahoo! and Bing were evaluated by two independent examiners using the DISCERN questionnaire, the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria and the Flesch Reading Ease adapted to Brazilian Portuguese (FRE-BP). Additionally, the websites were categorised according to their information, adopting four criteria related to: (i) endodontic pain, (ii) Toothache relief or treatment, (iii) the self-resolution of pain, and (iv) the promotion of home remedies usage. The statistical analysis was performed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney U test, hierarchical clustering analysis by Ward's minimum variance method, Kruskal-Wallis test, post-hoc Dunn's test and Chisquare test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The overall means (± SD) of DISCERN and FRE-BP were, respectively, 31.02 (± 5.56) and 61.20 (± 11.79), without quality-based differences between the websites with health- and non-health-related authors, and distinct clusters. CONCLUSION Therefore, the quality of Toothache-related information found in this sample of Brazilian websites was classified as simple, accessible and of poor quality, which can hamper the personal decision-making process of seeking dental treatment, leading to damages caused by the non-effective self-management of Toothache.
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Levels of Toothache-Related Interests of Google and YouTube Users From Developed and Developing Countries Over Time
PeerJ, 2019Co-Authors: Matheus Lotto, Patricia Estefania Ayala Aguirre, Agnes Fátima Pereira Cruvinel, Anna Paola Strieder, Thiago CruvinelAbstract:Background The preferences of Web users can be influenced by distinct factors of populations. Hence, hypothetically, source-based patterns of health-related Web searches might differ between individuals from developed and developing countries, due to their distinct educational, social, economic, political, cultural, and psychosocial backgrounds. In this context, this study aimed to determine the trends of Toothache-related searches performed on Google Search and YouTube, regarding differences between developed and developing countries. Methods This retrospective longitudinal study analyzed computational metadata on Toothache-related interests of Internet users. Google Trends was accessed to obtain the monthly variation of relative search volume (RSV) of the topic "Toothache-Disease" on Google (G) and YouTube (YT) through 2008-2017. Autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation plots, ARIMA models, Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn's and T tests were performed for evaluating trends, 12-month forecasts and the differences of annual ratios of YT/G searches between developed and developing countries, respectively (P Results Uptrends of RSVs were observed in both country groups over time, although 12-month forecasts tended to plateau.The volumes of searches were higher in developed countries in comparison to developing ones; however, this difference was not observed regarding Google searches performed between 2016 and 2017. Independently of country groups, the ratios YT/G remained relatively constant throughout the period, indicating a greater interest in Toothache-related information available on Google. Conclusion In conclusion, Toothache-related searches from Google and YouTube increased during the last decade. The preferences of Web users seemed to be influenced by the differences between developed and developing countries, such as the availability and penetration of the Internet, and education levels.
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digital behavior surveillance monitoring dental caries and Toothache interests of google users from developing countries
Oral Diseases, 2019Co-Authors: Thiago Cruvinel, Matheus Lotto, Patricia Estefania Ayala Aguirre, Daniela Rios, Thais Marchini De Oliveira, Agnes Fátima Pereira CruvinelAbstract:OBJECTIVE To determine the differences between the levels of interest of South American Google users on information related to dental caries and Toothache over time. MATERIALS AND METHODS The monthly variation of Relative Search Volume (RSV) for both queries was obtained in Google Trends between 2004 and 2017. The association between RSVs, Internet penetration, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for dental caries in permanent teeth were tested by distinct regression models. Forecasting ARIMA models were developed to analyze trends and predict the interests until December 2018. RESULTS In general, Toothache-related searches presented an uptrend associated positively with Internet penetration and negatively with DALYs, whereas dental caries-related searches presented a downtrend associated negatively with Internet penetration and positively with DALYs. The seasonality affected only dental caries curves, with the highest rates observed in the first trimester and the lowest rates in June, July, and December. CONCLUSION The levels of interests of South American Google users in seeking dental caries and Toothache information appear to have a direct connection with the burden of untreated dental caries lesions and Internet penetration. The no association between dental caries- and Toothache-related interests reinforces the unfamiliarity of most people about the relationship of dental pain with the final stages of chronic oral diseases.
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Analysis of the interests of Google users on Toothache information.
PloS one, 2017Co-Authors: Matheus Lotto, Patricia Estefania Ayala Aguirre, Daniela Rios, Maria Aparecida De Andrade Moreira Machado, Agnes Fátima Pereira Cruvinel, Thiago CruvinelAbstract:BACKGROUND The knowledge on health interests of a given population of Internet users might contribute to the increase of evidence on community's dental needs, and consequently, to the improvement of public health planning. The frequency of searches for specific issues on Google can be analyzed by the application of Google Trends. AIM In this study, we aimed to characterize the interests on Toothache information of Google users from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia and Brazil. METHODS The monthly variation of relative search volume (RSV) and the lists of main Toothache-related queries were determined from January 2004 through April 2016 using Google Trends. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) forecasting models were developed to determine predictive RSV values for Toothache for additional 12 months. Autocorrelation plots and general additive model (GAM) were applied to determine trends and seasonality in RSV curves. Through linear regression models, we assessed the association between the variation of annual means of RSV values and national statistics for Toothache in the U.S. and U.K. Subsequently, the distribution of main queries according to the identification of endodontic pain, type of searching information, and the interest in self-management of Toothache was evaluated for the four countries. RESULTS The autocorrelation plots showed patterns of non-stationary time series. The monthly variation influenced the data of the U.S. and U.K., with the higher RSV values found respectively in January/July and December. Also, the interest on Toothache in the U.K. increases in the second semester and in the fourth quarter, especially in December. Additionally, an annual variation affected significantly all time series, with the increment of RSV means over the years, varying from 265% in the U.S. to 745% in Brazil. In parallel, the increments in RSV values were also observed in all predictive curves. The annual variation of observed and fitted RSV values was directly associated with the increase of Toothache visits in the U.S. and urgent dental treatments in the U.K. Moreover, the queries typed on Google were markedly linked to searches on endodontic pain information, especially in Brazil, where the residents usually searched for relief and/or self-management of pain. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, these findings indicate an increasing interest of Google users on Toothache-related topics, regardless of country and season. The Internet activity can be used by policy makers as a complementary source of data for the development and implementation of strategies to control and prevent Toothache complications.
Karen Glazer Peres - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Socioeconomic gradients in Toothache experience among Australian adults: A time trend analysis from 1994 to 2013.
Community dentistry and oral epidemiology, 2019Co-Authors: Karen Glazer Peres, Liana Luzzi, Jane Harford, Marco Aurélio PeresAbstract:Objectives: To identify time trend pattern in Toothache and to estimate whether Toothache prevalence differs by socioeconomic position and residential location over time. Methods: Data from nine successive National Dental Telephone Interview Surveys (NDTIS) from 1994 (n = 6907) to 2013 (n = 6778) performed in Australia among individuals aged 15 years or over were used. The dependent variable was Toothache reported very often, often or sometimes during the previous 12 months. Independent variables were age group, household income (tertiles), insurance/cardholder status and geographical remoteness. Prais-Winsten analyses were performed, and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) for Toothache prevalence was estimated. Results: Toothache affected slightly more than 10% of the overall population in 1994 (11.6%) and 1995 (11.4%), reaching approximately one-sixth (16.2%) of individuals in 2013. Overall, there was a significant increase in Toothache prevalence over time (AAPC = 2.0% [95% CI 0.7;1.34]) and in those aged 25-44 (AAPC 2.1% [95% CI 0.6;3.6]) and 45-64 (AAPC 3.4% [95% CI 1.5;5.3]) years and markedly among those in the lowest income group (AAPC 3.4% [95% CI 0.1;6.7]). All geographic locations except for remote/very remote areas had upward Toothache prevalence over time. Insured status was not associated with increased Toothache prevalence during the investigated period. Conclusions: Toothache prevalence increased from 1994 to 2013 in Australian adults particularly among the lowest socioeconomic group.
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Toothache and associated factors in Brazilian adults: a cross-sectional population-based study.
BMC oral health, 2009Co-Authors: Mirian Kuhnen, Marco Aurélio Peres, Anelise Viapiana Masiero, Karen Glazer PeresAbstract:Background Toothache is a dental public health problem and one of the predictors of dental attendance and it is strongly associated with the life quality of individuals. In spite of this, there are few population-based epidemiological studies on this theme. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of Toothache and associated factors in adults of Lages, Southern Brazil.
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Toothache prevalence and associated factors: a population based study in southern Brazil.
Oral diseases, 2008Co-Authors: João Luiz Bastos, Denise Petrucci Gigante, Karen Glazer PeresAbstract:Post-graduate Programin Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, BrazilOBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to estimateToothache prevalence and associated factors among adultresidents in Pelotas, a southern Brazilian city.METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based studywas carried out in individuals aged ‡20 years (n ¼ 3353).A multi-stage sampling scheme was adopted, and datacollection was performed at participants’ homes throughstandardized pre-tested questionnaires. Toothache in thepast 6 months was regarded as the outcome. Socioeco-nomic and demographic data as well as health-relatedbehavioural data were collected. All analyses wereundertaken with a Poisson regression model, following ahierarchical conceptual model.RESULTS: The response rate was 93.5% and Toothacheprevalence was 17.7% (95% CI 16.0–19.3). Multivariableanalyses revealed that Toothache was more likely to bereported by those with low educational attainment andlow family income. Younger subjects, women and those1with black skin colour were also more likely to reportToothache. Current smokers and problem drinkers wereat increased risk of experiencing Toothache in the past6 months.CONCLUSIONS: The Toothache prevalence reported inthe present study is not negligible and should initiate theformulation of preventive policies and support the plan-ning of local oral health services.Oral Diseases (2007) doi: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2007.01379.xKeywords: Toothache; socioeconomic status; skin colour; smo-king; sex differences; drinking behaviour
Masahiro Tsuchiya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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high prevalence of Toothache among great east japan earthquake survivors living in temporary housing
Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2019Co-Authors: Masahiro Tsuchiya, Jun Aida, Takashi Watanabe, Masamichi Shinoda, Yumi Sugawara, Yasutake Tomata, Yutaka Yabe, Takuya Sekiguchi, Makoto Watanabe, Ken OsakaAbstract:OBJECTIVES The Great East Japan Earthquake and subsequent tsunami cause large-scale destruction in the north-eastern coastal areas in Japan, and forced many survivors to relocate to prefabricated temporary housing, a typical emergency accommodation. Based on the hypothesis that higher Toothache prevalence among the disaster survivors is associated with postdisaster distress, we determined the impact of temporary residential environment as potential stressor on the subjective Toothache prevalence. METHODS A repeated cross-sectional health survey based on self-reported questionnaire was conducted in 2776 disaster survivors, of whom 1446 participants underwent dental examination by dentists. Housing type was categorized into three groups including the same housing as before the earthquake, temporary housing and rented/new housing. The association of housing type with subjective Toothache prevalence was examined using multivariate logistic regression analysis in all subjects and subgroup analysis in dental examination applicants. Stratified analysis by survey wave was applied with inclusion of covariates such as the socio-demographic factors, and presence of insomnia and psychological distress. In subgroup analysis, presence of dental caries and gum problems in dental examination were included as factors of direct exposure to subjective Toothache. RESULTS In the first survey wave, the participants living in the temporary housing had significantly higher odds ratio (OR) for Toothache prevalence compared to the participants living in the same housing (OR: 3.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.85-7.65, P < 0.001); whereas in all other survey waves, there was no significant difference. Subgroup analysis of dental examination applicants confirmed the presence of significant association of subjective Toothache prevalence in the temporary housing group alone (OR: 3.27, 95% CI: 1.38-7.76, P = 0.004), but not in the rented/new housing group (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 0.57-3.91, P = 0.411), even after adjusting for covariates related to oral findings. CONCLUSION Temporary housing may be a factor to increase the risk of subjective Toothache among disaster survivors only at postdisaster acute phase.
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High prevalence of Toothache among Great East Japan Earthquake survivors living in temporary housing.
Community dentistry and oral epidemiology, 2018Co-Authors: Masahiro Tsuchiya, Jun Aida, Takashi Watanabe, Masamichi Shinoda, Yumi Sugawara, Yasutake Tomata, Yutaka Yabe, Takuya Sekiguchi, Makoto Watanabe, Ken OsakaAbstract:OBJECTIVES The Great East Japan Earthquake and subsequent tsunami cause large-scale destruction in the north-eastern coastal areas in Japan, and forced many survivors to relocate to prefabricated temporary housing, a typical emergency accommodation. Based on the hypothesis that higher Toothache prevalence among the disaster survivors is associated with postdisaster distress, we determined the impact of temporary residential environment as potential stressor on the subjective Toothache prevalence. METHODS A repeated cross-sectional health survey based on self-reported questionnaire was conducted in 2776 disaster survivors, of whom 1446 participants underwent dental examination by dentists. Housing type was categorized into three groups including the same housing as before the earthquake, temporary housing and rented/new housing. The association of housing type with subjective Toothache prevalence was examined using multivariate logistic regression analysis in all subjects and subgroup analysis in dental examination applicants. Stratified analysis by survey wave was applied with inclusion of covariates such as the socio-demographic factors, and presence of insomnia and psychological distress. In subgroup analysis, presence of dental caries and gum problems in dental examination were included as factors of direct exposure to subjective Toothache. RESULTS In the first survey wave, the participants living in the temporary housing had significantly higher odds ratio (OR) for Toothache prevalence compared to the participants living in the same housing (OR: 3.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.85-7.65, P
Matheus Lotto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Is the Quality of Toothache-Related Information Published in Brazilian Websites Adequate to Assist People in Seeking Dental Treatment?
Oral health & preventive dentistry, 2020Co-Authors: Matheus Lotto, Patricia Estefania Ayala Aguirre, Natalino Lourenço Neto, A. F. P. Cruvinel, Thiago CruvinelAbstract:PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the readability and the quality of Toothache-related information found in Brazilian websites. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-five websites retrieved from Google Search, Baidu, Yahoo! and Bing were evaluated by two independent examiners using the DISCERN questionnaire, the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria and the Flesch Reading Ease adapted to Brazilian Portuguese (FRE-BP). Additionally, the websites were categorised according to their information, adopting four criteria related to: (i) endodontic pain, (ii) Toothache relief or treatment, (iii) the self-resolution of pain, and (iv) the promotion of home remedies usage. The statistical analysis was performed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney U test, hierarchical clustering analysis by Ward's minimum variance method, Kruskal-Wallis test, post-hoc Dunn's test and Chisquare test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The overall means (± SD) of DISCERN and FRE-BP were, respectively, 31.02 (± 5.56) and 61.20 (± 11.79), without quality-based differences between the websites with health- and non-health-related authors, and distinct clusters. CONCLUSION Therefore, the quality of Toothache-related information found in this sample of Brazilian websites was classified as simple, accessible and of poor quality, which can hamper the personal decision-making process of seeking dental treatment, leading to damages caused by the non-effective self-management of Toothache.
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Levels of Toothache-Related Interests of Google and YouTube Users From Developed and Developing Countries Over Time
PeerJ, 2019Co-Authors: Matheus Lotto, Patricia Estefania Ayala Aguirre, Agnes Fátima Pereira Cruvinel, Anna Paola Strieder, Thiago CruvinelAbstract:Background The preferences of Web users can be influenced by distinct factors of populations. Hence, hypothetically, source-based patterns of health-related Web searches might differ between individuals from developed and developing countries, due to their distinct educational, social, economic, political, cultural, and psychosocial backgrounds. In this context, this study aimed to determine the trends of Toothache-related searches performed on Google Search and YouTube, regarding differences between developed and developing countries. Methods This retrospective longitudinal study analyzed computational metadata on Toothache-related interests of Internet users. Google Trends was accessed to obtain the monthly variation of relative search volume (RSV) of the topic "Toothache-Disease" on Google (G) and YouTube (YT) through 2008-2017. Autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation plots, ARIMA models, Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn's and T tests were performed for evaluating trends, 12-month forecasts and the differences of annual ratios of YT/G searches between developed and developing countries, respectively (P Results Uptrends of RSVs were observed in both country groups over time, although 12-month forecasts tended to plateau.The volumes of searches were higher in developed countries in comparison to developing ones; however, this difference was not observed regarding Google searches performed between 2016 and 2017. Independently of country groups, the ratios YT/G remained relatively constant throughout the period, indicating a greater interest in Toothache-related information available on Google. Conclusion In conclusion, Toothache-related searches from Google and YouTube increased during the last decade. The preferences of Web users seemed to be influenced by the differences between developed and developing countries, such as the availability and penetration of the Internet, and education levels.
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digital behavior surveillance monitoring dental caries and Toothache interests of google users from developing countries
Oral Diseases, 2019Co-Authors: Thiago Cruvinel, Matheus Lotto, Patricia Estefania Ayala Aguirre, Daniela Rios, Thais Marchini De Oliveira, Agnes Fátima Pereira CruvinelAbstract:OBJECTIVE To determine the differences between the levels of interest of South American Google users on information related to dental caries and Toothache over time. MATERIALS AND METHODS The monthly variation of Relative Search Volume (RSV) for both queries was obtained in Google Trends between 2004 and 2017. The association between RSVs, Internet penetration, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for dental caries in permanent teeth were tested by distinct regression models. Forecasting ARIMA models were developed to analyze trends and predict the interests until December 2018. RESULTS In general, Toothache-related searches presented an uptrend associated positively with Internet penetration and negatively with DALYs, whereas dental caries-related searches presented a downtrend associated negatively with Internet penetration and positively with DALYs. The seasonality affected only dental caries curves, with the highest rates observed in the first trimester and the lowest rates in June, July, and December. CONCLUSION The levels of interests of South American Google users in seeking dental caries and Toothache information appear to have a direct connection with the burden of untreated dental caries lesions and Internet penetration. The no association between dental caries- and Toothache-related interests reinforces the unfamiliarity of most people about the relationship of dental pain with the final stages of chronic oral diseases.
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Analysis of the interests of Google users on Toothache information.
PloS one, 2017Co-Authors: Matheus Lotto, Patricia Estefania Ayala Aguirre, Daniela Rios, Maria Aparecida De Andrade Moreira Machado, Agnes Fátima Pereira Cruvinel, Thiago CruvinelAbstract:BACKGROUND The knowledge on health interests of a given population of Internet users might contribute to the increase of evidence on community's dental needs, and consequently, to the improvement of public health planning. The frequency of searches for specific issues on Google can be analyzed by the application of Google Trends. AIM In this study, we aimed to characterize the interests on Toothache information of Google users from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia and Brazil. METHODS The monthly variation of relative search volume (RSV) and the lists of main Toothache-related queries were determined from January 2004 through April 2016 using Google Trends. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) forecasting models were developed to determine predictive RSV values for Toothache for additional 12 months. Autocorrelation plots and general additive model (GAM) were applied to determine trends and seasonality in RSV curves. Through linear regression models, we assessed the association between the variation of annual means of RSV values and national statistics for Toothache in the U.S. and U.K. Subsequently, the distribution of main queries according to the identification of endodontic pain, type of searching information, and the interest in self-management of Toothache was evaluated for the four countries. RESULTS The autocorrelation plots showed patterns of non-stationary time series. The monthly variation influenced the data of the U.S. and U.K., with the higher RSV values found respectively in January/July and December. Also, the interest on Toothache in the U.K. increases in the second semester and in the fourth quarter, especially in December. Additionally, an annual variation affected significantly all time series, with the increment of RSV means over the years, varying from 265% in the U.S. to 745% in Brazil. In parallel, the increments in RSV values were also observed in all predictive curves. The annual variation of observed and fitted RSV values was directly associated with the increase of Toothache visits in the U.S. and urgent dental treatments in the U.K. Moreover, the queries typed on Google were markedly linked to searches on endodontic pain information, especially in Brazil, where the residents usually searched for relief and/or self-management of pain. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, these findings indicate an increasing interest of Google users on Toothache-related topics, regardless of country and season. The Internet activity can be used by policy makers as a complementary source of data for the development and implementation of strategies to control and prevent Toothache complications.