The Experts below are selected from a list of 10332 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Laure Neumayer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
integrating the central european past into a common narrative the mobilizations around the crimes of communism in the european parliament
Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 2015Co-Authors: Laure NeumayerAbstract:After the Cold War, a new constellation of actors entered transnational European assemblies. Their interpretation of European history, which was based on the equivalence of the two ‘Totalitarianisms’, Stalinism and Nazism, directly challenged the prevailing Western European narrative constructed on the uniqueness of the Holocaust as the epitome of evil. This article focuses on the mobilizations of these memory entrepreneurs in the European Parliament in order to take into account the issue of agency in European memory politics. Drawing on a social and political analysis centered on institutionally embedded actors, a process-tracing analysis investigates the adoption of the furthest-reaching official expression of a ‘totalitarian’ interpretation of Communism to date: the Resolution on European Conscience and Totalitarianism from April 2009. This case study shows that the issue was put on the parliamentary agenda by a small group of Central and Eastern European politicians who had managed to ‘learn the rope...
-
Integrating the Central European Past into a Common Narrative: the mobilizations around the 'crimes of Communism' in the European Parliament
Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 2015Co-Authors: Laure NeumayerAbstract:After the Cold War, a new constellation of actors entered transnational European assemblies. Their interpretation of European history, which was based on the equivalence of the two 'Totalitarianisms', Stalinism and Nazism, directly challenged the prevailing Western European narrative constructed on the uniqueness of the Holocaust as the epitome of evil. This article focuses on the mobilizations of these memory entrepreneurs in the European Parliament in order to take into account the issue of agency in European memory politics. Drawing on a social and political analysis centered on institutionally embedded actors, a process-tracing analysis investigates the adoption of the furthest-reaching official expression of a 'totalitarian' interpretation of Communism to date: the Resolution on European Conscience and Totalitarianism from April 2009. This case study shows that the issue was put on the parliamentary agenda by a small group of Central and Eastern European politicians who had managed to 'learn the ropes' of effective advocacy in the Assembly. An official vision of Communism then emerged through intense negotiations structured by interwoven ideological and national lines of division. However, this narrative largely remains of regional, rather than pan-European, relevance. In the competition for the definition of 'Europe' and its values, the persistent diversity in the assessment of Communism gives evidence of the local rootedness of remembrance despite the pan-European ambitions of memory entrepreneurs.
Peter S Menell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
2014 brand Totalitarianism
Social Science Research Network, 2014Co-Authors: Peter S MenellAbstract:As the Cold War commenced, George Orwell famously warned of a dystopian future in which government authorities pervasively surveil their citizens as part of an insidious system of public mind control. While leaks of the National Security Administration’s clandestine PRISM mass electronic data mining program have reignited fears of Big Brother, a more gradual, but possibly comparably significant, shift in information control has unfolded without much fanfare: the growing integration of advertising into news, media, expressive creativity, and social activity. This article explores the real and present threat to expressive freedom, free will, and public well-being posed by the growing integration of advertising into mass media and Internet services. What began as a largely innocuous means of cross-subsidizing print media and a solution to funding broadcast media has increasingly distorted the integrity of news reporting and creative expression as broadcasters have adapted to digital video recorders and Internet companies have built massive netizen dossiers in order to better target advertising. Part I explores the development of the advertising industry as a branch of applied psychological research. Part II traces the relationship between advertising and the funding and dissemination of expressive creativity. Part III explores the policy challenges posed by the growing integration of advertising into mass media and the larger Internet-driven cultural landscape.
-
2014 brand Totalitarianism
U.C. Davis Law Review, 2014Co-Authors: Peter S MenellAbstract:While leaks of the National Security Administration’s (NSA) clandestine PRISM mass electronic data mining program have dominated headlines and reignited sales of Nineteen EightyFour, 3 a more gradual, but possibly comparably significant, shift in information control has unfolded without much fanfare: the growing integration of advertising into news, media, expressive creativity, and social activity. 4 This story is far less dramatic than the NSA controversy, but it may have greater ramifications for public health, expressive freedom, journalistic independence, and other economic, social, and political concerns. This story revolves around markets, corporate data centers, and technological change as opposed to clandestine government institutions. It is more Adam Smith and Facebook than Benito Mussolini or Joseph Stalin; more Mad Men, Marshal McLuhan, and digital video recorders (DVRs) than J. Edgar Hoover or Edward Snowden. The growing integration of advertising into mass media and Internet services in the digital age represents a subtle, but real and present threat to expressive freedom, free will, and public well-being. What began as a largely innocuous means of cross-subsidizing print media and a solution to funding broadcast media has increasingly distorted the integrity of news reporting and creative expression. Part I explores the development of the advertising industry as a branch of applied psychological research. Part II traces the relationship between advertising and the funding and dissemination of expressive creativity. Part III explores the policy
Emilio Gentile - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Der Antifaschismus und die Ursprünge des faschistischen Totalitarismus (1923–1926)
'Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co KG', 2021Co-Authors: Emilio GentileAbstract:The interpretation of Fascism as a kind of “Totalitarianism” has been the subject of controversies lasting over many years. This contribution tries to consolidate our understanding of Fascist Totalitarianism by discussing its interpretations by early anti-Fascism. The latter’s representatives – Liberals, Christian Democrats, Social Democrats, Socialists – grasped the “totalitarian” features of a movement before it had established as a one-party regime, and they coined the term itself
-
New idols: Catholicism in the face of Fascist Totalitarianism
Journal of Modern Italian Studies, 2006Co-Authors: Emilio GentileAbstract:Abstract This article explores the attitudes of the Vatican and Catholic culture towards Fascism and Fascism's political religion during the pontificate of Pius XI, in the context of the Catholic church's rejection of modernity as a new epoch of paganism that took the form of political mysticism. It shows that despite the Concordat of 1929, the papacy reacted with growing alarm to the Fascist regime's ‘sacralization of politics’ that threatened to make Catholic religion a handmaid of the totalitarian state.
-
Fascism, Totalitarianism and political religion: definitions and critical reflections on criticism of an interpretation
Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, 2004Co-Authors: Emilio GentileAbstract:This essay presents a synthetic account of the author's interpretation of fascism as a modern, nationalist, revolutionary, anti‐liberal and anti‐Marxist phenomenon that he has elaborated on the basis both of original research and of an innovative redefinition of the concepts of Totalitarianism and political religion and their interrelationship. Having demonstrated the incoherence of some negative critiques that have given a distorted account of this theory, it engages with the principal constructive criticisms that have been made of it. This leads to further clarification and refinement of the thesis that Totalitarianism constitutes one, but not the sole, expression of the sacralisation of politics in the age of modernity.
-
the sacralisation of politics definitions interpretations and reflections on the question of secular religion and Totalitarianism
Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, 2000Co-Authors: Emilio Gentile, Robert MallettAbstract:This article discusses the various historical and theoretical questions that characterise the relationship between religion and politics, and religion and Totalitarianism. Given the complexity of this relationship, it limits itself to examining only certain aspects of it. In the first instance, it defines the concepts of the sacralisation of politics and Totalitarianism, and examines only those aspects of the latter that connect it directly with lay religion. It does not, therefore, offer any comprehensive interpretation either of Totalitarianism or of secular religion.1 Second, it subsequently provides a historiographical verification of these theoretical questions, and examines, by way of various key examples, how the religious dimension of Totalitarianism during the interwar period has been perceived and interpreted.
John R Lott - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
public schooling indoctrination and Totalitarianism
Journal of Political Economy, 1999Co-Authors: John R LottAbstract:Governments use public education and public ownership of the media to control the information that their citizens receive. More totalitarian governments as well as those with larger wealth transfers make greater investments in publicly controlled information. This finding is borne out from cross‐sectional time‐series evidence acros countries and is confirmed when the recent fall of communism is specifically examined. My results reject the standard publicagood view linking education and democracy, and I find evidence that public educational expenditures vary in similar ways to government ownership of television stations. Country‐level data on the organization of families as well as data on South African public schools are also examined.
-
public schooling indoctrination and Totalitarianism
Social Science Research Network, 1998Co-Authors: John R LottAbstract:Governments use public education and public ownership of schools and the media to control the information that their citizens receive. More totalitarian governments as well as those with larger wealth transfers make greater investments in publicly controlled information. This finding is borne out from cross sectional time-series evidence across countries, and is confirmed when specifically examining the recent fall of communism. My results reject the standard public good's view linking education and democracy, and I find evidence that public educational expenditures vary in similar ways to government ownership of television stations.
Angulo Monroy Gema - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
The dehumanisation of Totalitarianism: George Orwell’s "Nineteen Eighty-Four" and the Spanish Civil War and Francoism
2020Co-Authors: Angulo Monroy GemaAbstract:25 p. -- Bibliogr.: p. 22-25The phenomenon of dehumanisation has been present throughout the history of humankind, being Totalitarianism the principal instigator. Processes of dehumanisation are adaptive and stand out from the times of slave-trading and colonisation to the Holocaust and the two world wars of the last century. These human violations caused, especially, by the ideological conflicts of the 20th century, have increased the literary interest in understanding humanity and in analysing wherein the humanity of human beings lies. In fact, dystopian novels have emerged as a means to denounce these human violations. Although little has been said about what is to be human, dehumanisation provides a closer understanding of this notion. George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949) might be the most remarkable representation of this paradigm by addressing the social and cognitive impact totalitarian political systems cause in human beings. In the novel, the phenomenon of dehumanisation employs specific mechanisms which bear considerable resemblance to certain historical events of the last century, such as the Spanish Civil War and the Francoist period. Also, Orwell’s Homage to Catalonia (1938) serves as a nexus between them and Nineteen Eighty-Four. Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four has also served as a warning for future political and human crises. The principal raison d’être of this connection between history and fiction is due to the potential of Totalitarianism to threaten the human condition of individuals. This essay aims to explore the distinctive dehumanising techniques used by Totalitarianism in order to undermine the self in Nineteen Eighty-Four and the aforementioned Spanish events. This essay, in particular, will be closely examining how uninterrupted surveillance of individuals, political propaganda and censorship of information and thought, which can be considered as the three distinctive dehumanising mechanisms of Totalitarianism, are used in both Nineteen Eighty-Four and the Spanish historical events starting in 1936
