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Mariya A Begun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • endoparasites of the siberian tiger panthera tigris altaica
    Integrative Zoology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Tatyana Vladimirovna Moskvina, Michail Yu Schelkanov, Mariya A Begun
    Abstract:

    : There have been few reports on the diversity and prevalence of parasitic fauna of the endangered Siberian tiger, which inhabits the territory of the Russian Far East. The present review attempts to summarize the information about the parasitic fauna of wild Siberian tigers, which includes 15 helminths and 3 protozoan species. The most prevalent parasitic species was found to be Toxocara cati, followed by Toxascaris leonina. Another commonly recorded Platyhelminth species is Paragonimus westermani, which causes a lethal infection of the lung parenchyma in Siberian tigers. However, the information about infections by this fluke in the Siberian tigers is scarce, although P. westermani infections pose a serious health hazard to tiger populations. The nematodes Aelurostrongylus abstrusus and Thominx aerophilus are found in Siberian tigers with an occurrence rate of 2.3% and 19%, respectively. The information on the parasitic infestations of captive populations of Siberian tigers is also presented along with the sources of infection and hazards for the wild tiger populations in their natural environment.

Michail Yu Schelkanov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • endoparasites of the siberian tiger panthera tigris altaica
    Integrative Zoology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Tatyana Vladimirovna Moskvina, Michail Yu Schelkanov, Mariya A Begun
    Abstract:

    : There have been few reports on the diversity and prevalence of parasitic fauna of the endangered Siberian tiger, which inhabits the territory of the Russian Far East. The present review attempts to summarize the information about the parasitic fauna of wild Siberian tigers, which includes 15 helminths and 3 protozoan species. The most prevalent parasitic species was found to be Toxocara cati, followed by Toxascaris leonina. Another commonly recorded Platyhelminth species is Paragonimus westermani, which causes a lethal infection of the lung parenchyma in Siberian tigers. However, the information about infections by this fluke in the Siberian tigers is scarce, although P. westermani infections pose a serious health hazard to tiger populations. The nematodes Aelurostrongylus abstrusus and Thominx aerophilus are found in Siberian tigers with an occurrence rate of 2.3% and 19%, respectively. The information on the parasitic infestations of captive populations of Siberian tigers is also presented along with the sources of infection and hazards for the wild tiger populations in their natural environment.

Guo-hua Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • comparative analysis of mitochondrial dna datasets indicates that Toxascaris leonina represents a species complex
    Parasites & Vectors, 2019
    Co-Authors: Yuan-chun Jin, Xing-quan Zhu, Jin-hui Liu, Guo-hua Liu
    Abstract:

    Toxascaris leonina is one of the most common intestinal parasites of canids and felids. In this study, we characterised the entire mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence of T. leonina from the cheetah and compared it with that of T. leonina from the dog. The entire mt genome sequence of T. leonina from the cheetah is 14,685 bp in size, which is 375 bp longer than that from the dog, and it is 408 bp longer than that from the South China tiger. The overall nucleotide sequence (except for the non-coding region) identity was 92.8% between the two mt genomes of T. leonina from the cheetah and the dog. For the 12 protein-coding genes, sequence difference between T. leonina from the cheetah and the dog was 5.0–9.7% at the nucleotide level and 1.0–7.2% at the amino acid level. Moreover, comparison of mt cox1 sequences among T. leonina isolates (n = 23) from different hosts revealed substantial nucleotide differences (10.6%). Phylogenetic analysis showed the separation of T. leonina from canid and felid hosts into three distinct clades. Taken together, these mtDNA datasets indicate that T. leonina from canid and felid hosts represents a species complex. Our results have implications for further studies of the molecular epidemiology, systematics and population genetics of this nematode.

  • MOESM1 of Comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA datasets indicates that Toxascaris leonina represents a species complex
    2019
    Co-Authors: Yuan-chun Jin, Xing-quan Zhu, Jin-hui Liu, Guo-hua Liu
    Abstract:

    Additional file 1: Table S1. Sequences of primers used to amplify Long-PCR fragments from Toxascaris leonina. Table S2. Mitochondrial genome organization of Toxascaris leonina from cheetah (Tc) and Toxascaris leonina from dog (Td)

  • Comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA datasets indicates that Toxascaris leonina represents a species complex
    BMC, 2019
    Co-Authors: Yuan-chun Jin, Xing-quan Zhu, Jin-hui Liu, Guo-hua Liu
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Toxascaris leonina is one of the most common intestinal parasites of canids and felids. In this study, we characterised the entire mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence of T. leonina from the cheetah and compared it with that of T. leonina from the dog. Results The entire mt genome sequence of T. leonina from the cheetah is 14,685 bp in size, which is 375 bp longer than that from the dog, and it is 408 bp longer than that from the South China tiger. The overall nucleotide sequence (except for the non-coding region) identity was 92.8% between the two mt genomes of T. leonina from the cheetah and the dog. For the 12 protein-coding genes, sequence difference between T. leonina from the cheetah and the dog was 5.0–9.7% at the nucleotide level and 1.0–7.2% at the amino acid level. Moreover, comparison of mt cox1 sequences among T. leonina isolates (n = 23) from different hosts revealed substantial nucleotide differences (10.6%). Phylogenetic analysis showed the separation of T. leonina from canid and felid hosts into three distinct clades. Conclusions Taken together, these mtDNA datasets indicate that T. leonina from canid and felid hosts represents a species complex. Our results have implications for further studies of the molecular epidemiology, systematics and population genetics of this nematode

  • The complete mitochondrial genome of Toxascaris leonina: Comparison with other closely related species and phylogenetic implications.
    Infection Genetics and Evolution, 2013
    Co-Authors: Guo-hua Liu, Dong-hui Zhou, Lei Zhao, Rong-chuan Xiong, Jian-ying Liang, Xing-quan Zhu
    Abstract:

    Adults of Toxascaris leonina (Nematoda: Ascarididae) live in the gastrointestinal tract of both dogs and cats, and cause significant economic losses and potential public health problem worldwide. Although many studies have given insights into this significant pathogen, to date, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence is still not available for T. leonina. Here, we sequenced the complete mt genome of T. leonina. This AT-rich (71.53%) mt genome (14,310bp) is circular and consists of 36 genes, including 12 genes for proteins, 2 genes for rRNA and 22 genes for tRNA. All mt genes of T. leonina are transcribed in the same direction. The gene order is the same as those of Ascaris spp. (Ascarididae), Toxocara spp. (Toxocaridae), Anisakis simplex and Contracaecum rudolphii B (Anisakidae), but distinct from that of Ascaridia spp. (Ascaridiidae). Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated amino acid sequences of 12 protein-coding genes by Bayesian inference (BI) showed distinct groups with high statistical support, and our data confirm that T. leonina is a member of the Ascarididae, and that this family is more closely related to the Toxocaridae rather than the Anisakidae within the Ascaridoidea. The determination of mt genome sequences of T. leonina provides novel genetic markers for studies into the systematics, population genetics and epidemiology of this parasite.

Xing-quan Zhu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • comparative analysis of mitochondrial dna datasets indicates that Toxascaris leonina represents a species complex
    Parasites & Vectors, 2019
    Co-Authors: Yuan-chun Jin, Xing-quan Zhu, Jin-hui Liu, Guo-hua Liu
    Abstract:

    Toxascaris leonina is one of the most common intestinal parasites of canids and felids. In this study, we characterised the entire mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence of T. leonina from the cheetah and compared it with that of T. leonina from the dog. The entire mt genome sequence of T. leonina from the cheetah is 14,685 bp in size, which is 375 bp longer than that from the dog, and it is 408 bp longer than that from the South China tiger. The overall nucleotide sequence (except for the non-coding region) identity was 92.8% between the two mt genomes of T. leonina from the cheetah and the dog. For the 12 protein-coding genes, sequence difference between T. leonina from the cheetah and the dog was 5.0–9.7% at the nucleotide level and 1.0–7.2% at the amino acid level. Moreover, comparison of mt cox1 sequences among T. leonina isolates (n = 23) from different hosts revealed substantial nucleotide differences (10.6%). Phylogenetic analysis showed the separation of T. leonina from canid and felid hosts into three distinct clades. Taken together, these mtDNA datasets indicate that T. leonina from canid and felid hosts represents a species complex. Our results have implications for further studies of the molecular epidemiology, systematics and population genetics of this nematode.

  • MOESM1 of Comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA datasets indicates that Toxascaris leonina represents a species complex
    2019
    Co-Authors: Yuan-chun Jin, Xing-quan Zhu, Jin-hui Liu, Guo-hua Liu
    Abstract:

    Additional file 1: Table S1. Sequences of primers used to amplify Long-PCR fragments from Toxascaris leonina. Table S2. Mitochondrial genome organization of Toxascaris leonina from cheetah (Tc) and Toxascaris leonina from dog (Td)

  • Comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA datasets indicates that Toxascaris leonina represents a species complex
    BMC, 2019
    Co-Authors: Yuan-chun Jin, Xing-quan Zhu, Jin-hui Liu, Guo-hua Liu
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Toxascaris leonina is one of the most common intestinal parasites of canids and felids. In this study, we characterised the entire mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence of T. leonina from the cheetah and compared it with that of T. leonina from the dog. Results The entire mt genome sequence of T. leonina from the cheetah is 14,685 bp in size, which is 375 bp longer than that from the dog, and it is 408 bp longer than that from the South China tiger. The overall nucleotide sequence (except for the non-coding region) identity was 92.8% between the two mt genomes of T. leonina from the cheetah and the dog. For the 12 protein-coding genes, sequence difference between T. leonina from the cheetah and the dog was 5.0–9.7% at the nucleotide level and 1.0–7.2% at the amino acid level. Moreover, comparison of mt cox1 sequences among T. leonina isolates (n = 23) from different hosts revealed substantial nucleotide differences (10.6%). Phylogenetic analysis showed the separation of T. leonina from canid and felid hosts into three distinct clades. Conclusions Taken together, these mtDNA datasets indicate that T. leonina from canid and felid hosts represents a species complex. Our results have implications for further studies of the molecular epidemiology, systematics and population genetics of this nematode

  • The complete mitochondrial genome of Toxascaris leonina: Comparison with other closely related species and phylogenetic implications.
    Infection Genetics and Evolution, 2013
    Co-Authors: Guo-hua Liu, Dong-hui Zhou, Lei Zhao, Rong-chuan Xiong, Jian-ying Liang, Xing-quan Zhu
    Abstract:

    Adults of Toxascaris leonina (Nematoda: Ascarididae) live in the gastrointestinal tract of both dogs and cats, and cause significant economic losses and potential public health problem worldwide. Although many studies have given insights into this significant pathogen, to date, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence is still not available for T. leonina. Here, we sequenced the complete mt genome of T. leonina. This AT-rich (71.53%) mt genome (14,310bp) is circular and consists of 36 genes, including 12 genes for proteins, 2 genes for rRNA and 22 genes for tRNA. All mt genes of T. leonina are transcribed in the same direction. The gene order is the same as those of Ascaris spp. (Ascarididae), Toxocara spp. (Toxocaridae), Anisakis simplex and Contracaecum rudolphii B (Anisakidae), but distinct from that of Ascaridia spp. (Ascaridiidae). Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated amino acid sequences of 12 protein-coding genes by Bayesian inference (BI) showed distinct groups with high statistical support, and our data confirm that T. leonina is a member of the Ascarididae, and that this family is more closely related to the Toxocaridae rather than the Anisakidae within the Ascaridoidea. The determination of mt genome sequences of T. leonina provides novel genetic markers for studies into the systematics, population genetics and epidemiology of this parasite.

Bok Jang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Structural Basis for Carbohydrate Recognition and Anti-inflammatory Modulation by Gastrointestinal Nematode Parasite Toxascaris leonina Galectin.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 2016
    Co-Authors: Eun Young Hwang, Sang Kyun Park, Mi Suk Jeong, Bok Jang
    Abstract:

    Toxascaris leonina galectin (Tl-gal) is a galectin-9 homologue protein isolated from an adult worm of the canine gastrointestinal nematode parasite, and Tl-gal-vaccinated challenge can inhibit inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease-induced mice. We determined the first X-ray structures of full-length Tl-gal complexes with carbohydrates (lactose, N-acetyllactosamine, lacto-N-tetraose, sialyllactose, and glucose). Bonds were formed on concave surfaces of both carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) in Tl-gal. All binding sites were found in the HXXXR and WGXEER motifs. Charged Arg61/Arg196 and Glu80/Glu215 on the conserved motif of Tl-gal N-terminal CRD and C-terminal CRD are critical amino acids for recognizing carbohydrate binding, and the residues can affect protein folding and structure. The polar amino acids His, Asn, and Trp are also important residues for the interaction with carbohydrates through hydrogen bonding. Hemagglutination activities of Tl-gal were inhibited by interactions with carbohydrates and mutations. We found that the mutation of Tl-gal (E80A/E215A) at the carbohydrate binding region induced protein aggregation and could be caused in many diseases. The short linker region between the N-terminal and C-terminal CRDs of Tl-gal was very stable against proteolysis and maintained its biological activity. This structural information is expected to elucidate the carbohydrate recognition mechanism of Tl-gal and improve our understanding of anti-inflammatory mediators and modulators of immune response.

  • Structure of full-length Toxascaris leonina galectin with two carbohydrate-recognition domains.
    Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography, 2013
    Co-Authors: Mi Suk Jeong, Hyun Gi Hwang, Bok Jang
    Abstract:

    The full-length crystal structure of Toxascaris leonine galectin (Tl-gal), a galectin-9 homologue protein, was determined at a resolution of 2.0 A. Galectin-9 exhibits a variety of biological functions, including cell aggregation, eosinophil chemoattraction, activation and apoptosis of murine thymocytes, T cells and human melanoma cells. Similar to this galectin, Tl-gal may function as a regulatory molecule in the host immune system; however, no molecular or structural information has been reported for Tl-gal. Moreover, until now, there have been no reports of a full-length galectin structure. There are two molecules of Tl-gal per asymmetric unit in space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), and the N-terminal and C-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domains (NCRD and CCRD) of Tl-gal are composed of six-stranded β-sheets and five-stranded β-sheets with a short α-helix. The NCRD of Tl-gal resembles that of human galectin-7 and its CCRD resembles human galectin-9, but the residues in the interface and loop regions of the NCRD and CCRD are flexible and are related to interaction. Engagement of the T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3) immunoglobulin variable (IgV) domain by a galectin-9 ligand is known to be important for appropriate termination of T-helper 1 immune responses. To investigate the binding site of Tl-gal, the interaction between Tl-gal and Tim-3 was modelled. Tim-3 is docked into a major groove of the Tl-gal structure, which is larger and deeper than the minor groove. The structural information presented here will provide insight into the development of novel anti-inflammatory agents or selective modulators of immune response.

  • Biophysical Feature, Crystallization and X-ray Crystallographic Studies of Toxascaris leonina Galectin
    Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, 2012
    Co-Authors: Min Kyung Sung, Min Kyoung Cho, Woo Chul Lee, Jeong Hyun Song, Hye Yeon Kim, Bok Jang
    Abstract:

    E-mail: sbjang@pusan.ac.krReceived September 26, 2011, Accepted November 21, 2011Galectins are generally believed to be potential candidates for use in the development of novel anti-inflammatory agents or as selective modulators of the immune response. In particular, galectin-9 exhibits someof the extracellular functions, including cell aggregation, adhesion, chemoattraction, activation, and apoptosis.Tl-galectin (Tl-gal, galectin-9 homologue gene) was isolated from an adult worm of the Toxascaris leonina.The full-length Tl-gal gene, which was incorporated into pET-28a, was overexpressed in E. coli and purifiedby nickel affinity and gel filtration chromatographies. The purified Tl-gal was crystallized using the hanging-drop vapor-diffusion method. The crystal belonged to the tetragonal space group P4