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Rutilo Castellanos-molina - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nutritional evaluation of gizzard erosion brown Fish meal in starter diets for Nile Oreochromis niloticus positive tilapia
1995Co-Authors: Carlos F. Reyes-sosa, Rutilo Castellanos-molinaAbstract:Toxic brown Fish meal that caused severe gizzard erosion in broiler chicks was used as the sole protein source in starter diets for Nile tilapia. Brown Fish meal was assayed using 4-day-old broiler chicks to test its Toxicity. Growth performance was compared among Fish fed diets containing three levels of Toxic brown Fish meal and a control diet which contained non-Toxic Fish meal. Fish fed the diets containing the Toxic Fish meal exhibited reduced growth and protein utilization. Fish fed the nonToxic Fish meal diet had significantly better weight gain (WC), 98.88 mg/day, specific growth rate (SGR), 5.30%/day, protein efficiency ratio (PER), 2.60, and apparent net nitrogen utilization ( ANNU), 43.33%, than those fed the diets containing the Toxic Fish meal, named I,2 and 3, respec
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Nutritional evaluation of gizzard erosion positive brown Fish meal in starter diets for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus
Aquaculture, 1995Co-Authors: Carlos F. Reyes-sosa, Rutilo Castellanos-molinaAbstract:Abstract Toxic brown Fish meal that caused severe gizzard erosion in broiler chicks was used as the sole protein source in starter diets for Nile tilapia. Brown Fish meal was assayed using 4-day-old broiler chicks to test its Toxicity. Growth performance was compared among Fish fed diets containing three levels of Toxic brown Fish meal and a control diet which contained non-Toxic Fish meal. Fish fed the diets containing the Toxic Fish meal exhibited reduced growth and protein utilization. Fish fed the nonToxic Fish meal diet had significantly better weight gain (WG), 98.88 mg/day, specific growth rate (SGR), 5.30%/day, protein efficiency ratio (PER), 2.60, and apparent net nitrogen utilization (ANNU), 43.33%, than those fed the diets containing the Toxic Fish meal, named 1, 2 and 3, respectively, which showed WG 66.75, 57.94, and 62.04 mg/day, SGR 4.75, 4.53, and 4.65%/day, PER 2.06, 2.20, and 2,27, and ANNU 33.89, 37.17 and 37.34. There were no significant differences among dietary treatments in survival and Nile tilapia fry fed diets containing Toxic brown Fish meal did not have any detectable signs of macroscopic or microscopic pathology.
John S. Ramsdell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Linking ciguatera poisoning to spatial ecology of Fish: A novel approach to examining the distribution of biotoxin levels in the great barracuda by combining non-lethal blood sampling and biotelemetry
Science of The Total Environment, 2012Co-Authors: Amanda C. O'toole, John S. Ramsdell, Marie-yasmine Dechraoui Bottein, Andy J. Danylchuk, Steven J. CookeAbstract:Abstract Ciguatera in humans is typically caused by the consumption of reef Fish that have accumulated Ciguatoxins (CTXs) in their flesh. Over a six month period, we captured 38 wild adult great barracuda ( Sphyraena barracuda ), a species commonly associated with ciguatera in The Bahamas. We sampled three tissues (i.e., muscle, liver, and blood) and analysed them for the presence of ciguatoxins using a functional in vitro N2A bioassay. Detectable concentrations of ciguatoxins found in the three tissue types ranged from 2.51 to 211.74 pg C-CTX-1 equivalents/g. Blood and liver toxin concentrations were positively correlated (ρ = 0.86, P = 0.003), indicating that, for the first time, blood sampling provides a non-lethal method of detecting ciguatoxin in wild Fish. Non-lethal blood sampling also presents opportunities to couple this approach with biotelemetry and biologging techniques that enable the study of Fish distribution and movement. To demonstrate the potential for linking ciguatoxin occurrence with barracuda spatial ecology, we also present a proof-of-concept case study where blood samples were obtained from 20 Fish before releasing them with acoustic transmitters and tracking them in the coastal waters using a fixed acoustic telemetry array covering 44 km 2 . Fish that tested positive for CTX may have smaller home ranges than non-Toxic Fish (median distance travelled, U = 2.21, P = 0.03). Results presented from this study may help identify high risk areas and source-sink dynamics of toxins, potentially reducing the incidence and human health risk of ciguatera Fish poisoning. Moreover, development of the non-lethal sampling approach and measurement of ciguatera from blood provide future opportunities to understand the mechanistic relationship between toxins and the spatial ecology of a broad range of marine Fish species.
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Use of two detection methods to discriminate ciguatoxins from brevetoxins: Application to great barracuda from Florida Keys
Toxicon, 2005Co-Authors: M. Yasmine Bottein Dechraoui, Hudson R Granade, Robert Wayne Dickey, Zhihong Wang, Jessica A. Tiedeken, Renuka Persad, John S. RamsdellAbstract:Abstract In Florida (USA), numerous cases of human ciguatera Fish poisoning, as well as neuroToxic shellFish poisoning following consumption of local seafood products, have been reported. By using in parallel, the sodium channel receptor binding assay (RBA), and the ouabain/veratridine-dependent cytoToxicity assay (N2A assay), we established criteria to identify, detect, and quantify ciguatoxins in Fish extracts, with a brevetoxin as internal standard. Results showed that the Caribbean ciguatoxin C-CTX-1 exhibited an 8-fold higher potency in the RBA than brevetoxins and, a 440 and 2300-fold higher potency in the N2A assay than PbTx-1 and PbTx-3, respectively. Moreover, a sensitivity comparison between assays revealed that the N2A assay was more sensitive (12-fold) for ciguatoxin analysis, whereas the RBA was more sensitive (3–24-fold) for brevetoxins analysis. Based on the relative potency between toxins and the opposite sensitivity of both assays we have used the RBA and the N2A assay to screen great barracuda ( Sphyraena barracuda ) collected from the Florida Keys for ciguatoxins and brevetoxins. Fish extract analysis showed a sodium channel-dependent activity consistent with the presence of ciguatoxins, and not brevetoxins. Among 40 barracudas analyzed, 60% contained ciguatoxin levels in their liver measurable by the N2A assay with the most Toxic Fish containing 2.1 ppb C-CTX-1 equivalents.
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Characterization of the developmental Toxicity of Caribbean ciguatoxins in finFish embryos.
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology, 2004Co-Authors: Jamie R Colman, Robert Wayne Dickey, M. Yasmine Bottein Dechraoui, John S. RamsdellAbstract:Since oviparous Fishes mobilize fat stores to produce eggs, we investigated the potential for deposition of gonadal ciguatoxins to the oil laden yolk sacs which nourish developing embryos, and characterized the effects of these toxins on finFish development. Results showed that ciguatoxins are more concentrated in the egg mass (0.18 ng/g) of a Toxic Fish than in the muscle (
Robert Wayne Dickey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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petroleum production platforms as sites for the expansion of ciguatera in the northwestern gulf of mexico
Harmful Algae, 2007Co-Authors: Tracy A Villareal, Steve Qualia, Edward L E Jester, Hudson R Granade, S. Hanson, Robert Wayne DickeyAbstract:Abstract Ciguatera is a common human disease of tropical, coral reef ecosystems acquired by consuming finFish-containing ciguatoxins (CTX). There are few records of this disease in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, a region characterized by soft muddy bottoms that are considered poor habitat for the CTX source dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus Toxicus . However, the approximately 4000 petroleum production platforms and hundreds of state-sponsored artificial reefs located in the Gulf of Mexico provide hard substrate and often support coral and other components of the tropical benthos. In addition to their role in their resource extraction, these oil production platforms are also popular sites for recreational Fishing and sport diving. We examined these platforms as potential substrate for G. Toxicus and report a first record of this species in the NW Gulf of Mexico. All the platforms ( n = 6) examined harbored the dinoflagellate as an epiphyte on the fouling community, with three finds of G. Toxicus associated with the pelagic macroalga Sargassum . Only minor Toxicity ( Sphyraena barracuda ) examined. Tagging data suggest trans-Gulf migrations by barracuda are common; thus, we cannot determine if the Toxicity was acquired locally or transported in migrating Fish. These platforms are a clear example of how human activity has altered the environment in a way that allows expansion of a HAB population. The rapid increase in production platforms since 1942 has provided novel substrate in a sandy/muddy bottom environment generally considered to be poor habitat for these benthic dinoflagellates. These platforms create a unique habitat in the upper euphotic zone and serve as intersection points for Fishermen and potentially Toxic Fish. Many Gulf of Mexico states have active programs to turn non-producing platforms into artificial reefs. Our results suggest that the use of these platforms as Fisheries enhancement structures could have unintended consequences for human health, particularly if projected rising sea-surface temperatures over the next century alter benthic distributions and Fish migration patterns. These concerns also extend to mariculture operations around oil production rigs or offshore wind farms, both of which would also add substrate for epibenthic microalgae.
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Use of two detection methods to discriminate ciguatoxins from brevetoxins: Application to great barracuda from Florida Keys
Toxicon, 2005Co-Authors: M. Yasmine Bottein Dechraoui, Hudson R Granade, Robert Wayne Dickey, Zhihong Wang, Jessica A. Tiedeken, Renuka Persad, John S. RamsdellAbstract:Abstract In Florida (USA), numerous cases of human ciguatera Fish poisoning, as well as neuroToxic shellFish poisoning following consumption of local seafood products, have been reported. By using in parallel, the sodium channel receptor binding assay (RBA), and the ouabain/veratridine-dependent cytoToxicity assay (N2A assay), we established criteria to identify, detect, and quantify ciguatoxins in Fish extracts, with a brevetoxin as internal standard. Results showed that the Caribbean ciguatoxin C-CTX-1 exhibited an 8-fold higher potency in the RBA than brevetoxins and, a 440 and 2300-fold higher potency in the N2A assay than PbTx-1 and PbTx-3, respectively. Moreover, a sensitivity comparison between assays revealed that the N2A assay was more sensitive (12-fold) for ciguatoxin analysis, whereas the RBA was more sensitive (3–24-fold) for brevetoxins analysis. Based on the relative potency between toxins and the opposite sensitivity of both assays we have used the RBA and the N2A assay to screen great barracuda ( Sphyraena barracuda ) collected from the Florida Keys for ciguatoxins and brevetoxins. Fish extract analysis showed a sodium channel-dependent activity consistent with the presence of ciguatoxins, and not brevetoxins. Among 40 barracudas analyzed, 60% contained ciguatoxin levels in their liver measurable by the N2A assay with the most Toxic Fish containing 2.1 ppb C-CTX-1 equivalents.
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Characterization of the developmental Toxicity of Caribbean ciguatoxins in finFish embryos.
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology, 2004Co-Authors: Jamie R Colman, Robert Wayne Dickey, M. Yasmine Bottein Dechraoui, John S. RamsdellAbstract:Since oviparous Fishes mobilize fat stores to produce eggs, we investigated the potential for deposition of gonadal ciguatoxins to the oil laden yolk sacs which nourish developing embryos, and characterized the effects of these toxins on finFish development. Results showed that ciguatoxins are more concentrated in the egg mass (0.18 ng/g) of a Toxic Fish than in the muscle (
S. Craig Cary - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Modified Serial Analysis of Gene Expression Method for Construction of Gene Expression Profiles of Microbial Eukaryotic Species
Applied and environmental microbiology, 2004Co-Authors: Kathryn J. Coyne, Joann M. Burkholder, Robert A. Feldman, David A. Hutchins, S. Craig CaryAbstract:Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) is a powerful approach for the identification of differentially expressed genes, providing comprehensive and quantitative gene expression profiles in the form of short tag sequences. Each tag represents a unique transcript, and the relative frequencies of tags in the SAGE library are equal to the relative proportions of the transcripts they represent. One of the major obstacles in the preparation of SAGE libraries from microorganisms is the requirement for large amounts of starting material (i.e., mRNA). Here, we present a novel approach for the construction of SAGE libraries from small quantities of total RNA by using Y linkers to selectively amplify 3' cDNA fragments. To validate this method, we constructed comprehensive gene expression profiles of the Toxic dinoflagellate Pfiesteria shumwayae. SAGE libraries were constructed from an actively Toxic Fish-fed culture of P. shumwayae and from a recently Toxic alga-fed culture. P. shumwayae-specific gene transcripts were identified by comparison of tag sequences in the two libraries. Representative tags with frequencies ranging from 0.026 to 3.3% of the total number of tags in the libraries were chosen for further analysis. Expression of each transcript was confirmed in separate control cultures of Toxic P. shumwayae. The modified SAGE method described here produces gene expression profiles that appear to be both comprehensive and quantitative, and it is directly applicable to the study of gene expression in other environmentally relevant microbial species.
Carlos F. Reyes-sosa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nutritional evaluation of gizzard erosion brown Fish meal in starter diets for Nile Oreochromis niloticus positive tilapia
1995Co-Authors: Carlos F. Reyes-sosa, Rutilo Castellanos-molinaAbstract:Toxic brown Fish meal that caused severe gizzard erosion in broiler chicks was used as the sole protein source in starter diets for Nile tilapia. Brown Fish meal was assayed using 4-day-old broiler chicks to test its Toxicity. Growth performance was compared among Fish fed diets containing three levels of Toxic brown Fish meal and a control diet which contained non-Toxic Fish meal. Fish fed the diets containing the Toxic Fish meal exhibited reduced growth and protein utilization. Fish fed the nonToxic Fish meal diet had significantly better weight gain (WC), 98.88 mg/day, specific growth rate (SGR), 5.30%/day, protein efficiency ratio (PER), 2.60, and apparent net nitrogen utilization ( ANNU), 43.33%, than those fed the diets containing the Toxic Fish meal, named I,2 and 3, respec
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Nutritional evaluation of gizzard erosion positive brown Fish meal in starter diets for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus
Aquaculture, 1995Co-Authors: Carlos F. Reyes-sosa, Rutilo Castellanos-molinaAbstract:Abstract Toxic brown Fish meal that caused severe gizzard erosion in broiler chicks was used as the sole protein source in starter diets for Nile tilapia. Brown Fish meal was assayed using 4-day-old broiler chicks to test its Toxicity. Growth performance was compared among Fish fed diets containing three levels of Toxic brown Fish meal and a control diet which contained non-Toxic Fish meal. Fish fed the diets containing the Toxic Fish meal exhibited reduced growth and protein utilization. Fish fed the nonToxic Fish meal diet had significantly better weight gain (WG), 98.88 mg/day, specific growth rate (SGR), 5.30%/day, protein efficiency ratio (PER), 2.60, and apparent net nitrogen utilization (ANNU), 43.33%, than those fed the diets containing the Toxic Fish meal, named 1, 2 and 3, respectively, which showed WG 66.75, 57.94, and 62.04 mg/day, SGR 4.75, 4.53, and 4.65%/day, PER 2.06, 2.20, and 2,27, and ANNU 33.89, 37.17 and 37.34. There were no significant differences among dietary treatments in survival and Nile tilapia fry fed diets containing Toxic brown Fish meal did not have any detectable signs of macroscopic or microscopic pathology.