The Experts below are selected from a list of 261 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Wang Xian-y - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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STUDY ON THE DETERMINATION OF THE TIME WEIGHTED AVERAGE CONCENTRATION FOR STYRENE IN WORKPLACE AIR
Modern Preventive Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Wang Xian-yAbstract:Objective To establish a gas chromatographic methods with carbon disulfide desorption for styrene in TWA concentration in the workplace air.Methods Styrene Solvents was sampled with charcoal tube, and the styrene in the air were determined with solvent desorption with carbon disulfide.The method is based on the standardization of methods for determining of Toxic Substance in workplace air.The determination and chromatographic conditions were optimized.Results Linear limits of the methods was at the range of 2.6 to 1 000μg / ml.The coefficient of correlation was 0.999 7.Limit of detection of the solvents was 2.6μg / ml.The coefficient of variation in sample determination was ranged from 3.1%to 5.6%.The breakthrough capacity of 100mg charcoal for the solvent was 28.6mg.The samples could be stored stability under normal conditions for at least 7 days.Conclusion This method is corresponding to the Chinese guidelines of the method for determination of Toxic Substances in workplace air.The method is established and confirmed suitable of determine Styrene in TWA concentration in workplace air, which makes contribution to putting the new limit of occupational exposure into practice.
Aristidis Tsatsakis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the under reported role of Toxic Substance exposures in the covid 19 pandemic
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2020Co-Authors: Ronald N Kostoff, Michael Aschner, Michael B Briggs, Alan L Porter, Antonio F Hernandez, Mohammad Abdollahi, Aristidis TsatsakisAbstract:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and previous pandemics have been viewed almost exclusively as virology problems, with Toxicology problems mostly being ignored. This perspective is not supported by the evolution of COVID-19, where the impact of real-life exposures to multiple Toxic stressors degrading the immune system is followed by the SARS-CoV-2 virus exploiting the degraded immune system to trigger a chain of events ultimately leading to COVID-19. This immune system degradation from multiple Toxic stressors (chemical, physical, biological, psychosocial stressors) means that attribution of serious consequences from COVID-19 should be made to the virus-Toxic stressors nexus, not to any of the nexus constituents in isolation. The leading Toxic stressors (identified in this study as contributing to COVID-19) are pervasive, contributing to myriad chronic diseases as well as immune system degradation. They increase the likelihood for comorbidities and mortality associated with COVID-19. For the short-term, tactical/reactive virology-focused treatments are of higher priority than strategic/proactive Toxicology-focused treatments, although both could be implemented in parallel to reinforce each other. However, for long-term pandemic prevention, Toxicology-based approaches should be given higher priority than virology-based approaches. Since current COVID-19 treatments globally ignore the Toxicology component almost completely, only limited benefits can be expected from these treatments.
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setting safer exposure limits for Toxic Substance combinations
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2020Co-Authors: Ronald N Kostoff, Michael Aschner, Marina Goumenou, Aristidis TsatsakisAbstract:Toxic stimuli (stressors) exposure limits are typically based on single Toxic stimuli experiments, but are presently used for both Toxic stimuli in isolation and in combination with other Toxic stimuli (simultaneous co-exposure or exposures separated in time). In the combination case, typically less of each constituent of the combination is required to cause damage compared to the amount determined from single stressor experiments. Thus, exposure limits based on single Toxic stimulus experiments are inadequate for setting limits for stressor combinations. This article presents a recommended simplified approach to improving regulatory exposure limits for Toxic stimuli combinations, and a more expansive and expensive alternative to the recommended simplified approach. The recommended approach will partially compensate for the enhanced adverse effects of Toxic stimuli combinations relative to adverse effects of Toxic stimuli in isolation. The approach covers myriad categories of Toxic stimuli reflective of real-life exposures due to lifestyle, iatrogenic, biotoxin, occupational/environmental, and psychosocial/socioeconomic conditions. The proposed approach 1) assumes that all potential Toxic stimuli to which an individual might be exposed have the same mechanisms/modes of action on biological mechanisms, and are, thus, indistinguishable by the impacted organism; 2) normalizes the myriad stimuli by converting the doses of Toxic stimuli exposures to the respective Toxicity reference values (TRV) fractions; 3) sums all the TRVs fractions from these Toxic stimuli exposures; and 4) divides all the single Substance TRVs by the sum of fractions. While it is an additive approach conceptually, it differs from other additive approaches in the breadth of its inter-category coverage, in order to reflect true inter-category real-life simulation. The newly posited approach does not account for hormetic, antagonistic, or synergistic effects of Toxic stimuli in combination. It does not adjust for 1) low-dose Toxicants with adverse effects that have been under-reported, or 2) exposure limits like the Occupational Safety and Health Administration - Permissible Exposure Limits (OSHA PELs) that are orders of magnitude above levels shown by published single Toxic stimuli studies to have caused adverse effects. Practical considerations for the application of this approach are presented.
Jinhui Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Innovating e-waste management: From macroscopic to microscopic scales.
Science of The Total Environment, 2016Co-Authors: Xianlai Zeng, Congren Yang, Joseph F. Chiang, Jinhui LiAbstract:Abstract Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE or e-waste) has become a global problem, due to its potential environmental pollution and human health risk, and its containing valuable resources (e.g., metals, plastics). Recycling for e-waste will be a necessity, not only to address the shortage of mineral resources for electronics industry, but also to decline environmental pollution and human health risk. To systematically solve the e-waste problem, more attention of e-waste management should transfer from macroscopic to microscopic scales. E-waste processing technology should be significantly improved to diminish and even avoid Toxic Substance entering into downstream of material. The regulation or policy related to new production of hazardous Substances in recycled materials should also be carried out on the agenda. All the findings can hopefully improve WEEE legislation for regulated countries and non-regulated countries.
Paolo Dell'antone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A new in vitro Toxicity test based on the response to Toxic Substances in solutions of mitochondria from beef heart.
Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology, 1994Co-Authors: Marcantonio Bragadin, Paolo Dell'antoneAbstract:A simple, rapid and inexpensive in vitro method which may be used as a biological sensor for the valuation of Toxicity of chemical compounds in water is proposed. The method utilizes the response of the respiratory chain of beef heart mitochondria to a wide range of Toxic Substances. By means of simple voltametric measurements, the method not only gives an indication of Toxicity in water but, by using different substrates of the respiratory chain and exploiting some features of the Toxic Substances, it also allows selective detection of some Toxic Substance or groups of Substances. Since the method reproduces the standard “rainbow trout” test, it may also be proposed as a screening test to precede whole bioorganisms bioassays or as a method to assess the presence of certain Toxic Substances in water.
Ronald N Kostoff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the under reported role of Toxic Substance exposures in the covid 19 pandemic
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2020Co-Authors: Ronald N Kostoff, Michael Aschner, Michael B Briggs, Alan L Porter, Antonio F Hernandez, Mohammad Abdollahi, Aristidis TsatsakisAbstract:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and previous pandemics have been viewed almost exclusively as virology problems, with Toxicology problems mostly being ignored. This perspective is not supported by the evolution of COVID-19, where the impact of real-life exposures to multiple Toxic stressors degrading the immune system is followed by the SARS-CoV-2 virus exploiting the degraded immune system to trigger a chain of events ultimately leading to COVID-19. This immune system degradation from multiple Toxic stressors (chemical, physical, biological, psychosocial stressors) means that attribution of serious consequences from COVID-19 should be made to the virus-Toxic stressors nexus, not to any of the nexus constituents in isolation. The leading Toxic stressors (identified in this study as contributing to COVID-19) are pervasive, contributing to myriad chronic diseases as well as immune system degradation. They increase the likelihood for comorbidities and mortality associated with COVID-19. For the short-term, tactical/reactive virology-focused treatments are of higher priority than strategic/proactive Toxicology-focused treatments, although both could be implemented in parallel to reinforce each other. However, for long-term pandemic prevention, Toxicology-based approaches should be given higher priority than virology-based approaches. Since current COVID-19 treatments globally ignore the Toxicology component almost completely, only limited benefits can be expected from these treatments.
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setting safer exposure limits for Toxic Substance combinations
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2020Co-Authors: Ronald N Kostoff, Michael Aschner, Marina Goumenou, Aristidis TsatsakisAbstract:Toxic stimuli (stressors) exposure limits are typically based on single Toxic stimuli experiments, but are presently used for both Toxic stimuli in isolation and in combination with other Toxic stimuli (simultaneous co-exposure or exposures separated in time). In the combination case, typically less of each constituent of the combination is required to cause damage compared to the amount determined from single stressor experiments. Thus, exposure limits based on single Toxic stimulus experiments are inadequate for setting limits for stressor combinations. This article presents a recommended simplified approach to improving regulatory exposure limits for Toxic stimuli combinations, and a more expansive and expensive alternative to the recommended simplified approach. The recommended approach will partially compensate for the enhanced adverse effects of Toxic stimuli combinations relative to adverse effects of Toxic stimuli in isolation. The approach covers myriad categories of Toxic stimuli reflective of real-life exposures due to lifestyle, iatrogenic, biotoxin, occupational/environmental, and psychosocial/socioeconomic conditions. The proposed approach 1) assumes that all potential Toxic stimuli to which an individual might be exposed have the same mechanisms/modes of action on biological mechanisms, and are, thus, indistinguishable by the impacted organism; 2) normalizes the myriad stimuli by converting the doses of Toxic stimuli exposures to the respective Toxicity reference values (TRV) fractions; 3) sums all the TRVs fractions from these Toxic stimuli exposures; and 4) divides all the single Substance TRVs by the sum of fractions. While it is an additive approach conceptually, it differs from other additive approaches in the breadth of its inter-category coverage, in order to reflect true inter-category real-life simulation. The newly posited approach does not account for hormetic, antagonistic, or synergistic effects of Toxic stimuli in combination. It does not adjust for 1) low-dose Toxicants with adverse effects that have been under-reported, or 2) exposure limits like the Occupational Safety and Health Administration - Permissible Exposure Limits (OSHA PELs) that are orders of magnitude above levels shown by published single Toxic stimuli studies to have caused adverse effects. Practical considerations for the application of this approach are presented.
