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Guido Filler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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estimation of gfr using β Trace Protein in children
Clinical Journal of The American Society of Nephrology, 2015Co-Authors: Samantha H Witzel, Shihhan S Huang, Branko Braam, Guido FillerAbstract:Background and objectives Sex may affect the performance of small molecular weight Proteins as markers of GFR because of differences in fat mass between the two sexes. The hypothesis was that the diagnostic performance of β -Trace Protein, a novel marker of GFR, would be significantly better in boys than in girls. Design, setting, participants, & measurements GFR, height, weight, serum creatinine, and β -Trace Protein were measured in 755 children and adolescents (331 girls) undergoing 99 technetium diethylenetriamine penta–acetic acid renal scans from July of 1999 to July of 2006. Boys and girls were separated into formula generation cohorts (284 boys and 220 girls) and formula validation cohorts (140 boys and 111 girls). GFR-estimating formulas on the basis of β -Trace Protein, creatinine, and height were derived using stepwise linear regression analysis of log-transformed data. The slope of the regression lines of the sex-specific eGFRs were compared. Bland–Altman analysis was used for testing agreement between 99 technetium diethylenetriamine penta–acetic acid GFR and calculated GFR both with this equation in boys and girls as well as previously established Benlamri, White, and Schwartz formulas. Results In the stepwise regression analysis, β -Trace Protein ( R 2 =0.73 for boys and R 2 =0.65 for girls) was more important than creatinine (which increased R 2 to 0.81 for boys and R 2 to 0.75 for girls) and height (which increased R 2 to 0.88 for boys and R 2 to 0.80 for girls) in the data generation groups. GFR can be calculated using the following formulas: and Bland–Altman analysis showed better performance in boys than in girls. The new formulas performed significantly better than the previous Benlamri, White, and Schwartz formulas with respect to bias, precision, and accuracy. Conclusions Improved and sex-specific formulas for the estimation of GFR in children on the basis of β -Trace Protein, serum creatinine, and height are now available.
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beta Trace Protein as a marker of gfr history indications and future research
Clinical Biochemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Guido Filler, Carola Kusserow, Laudelino Marques Lopes, Marta KobrzynskiAbstract:OBJECTIVES: Recent findings suggest that beta-Trace Protein (BTP), a small molecular weight Protein, is at least equal if not superior to serum creatinine as a marker of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), particularly since it is independent from height, gender, age, and muscle mass. The authors sought to summarize knowledge on BTP and its use as a marker of GFR using the most recent literature available. DESIGN AND METHODS: The authors compiled key articles and all relevant recent literature on this topic. Physical and chemical features of the molecule are described, as well as factors that may affect its expression. The use of BTP in estimating GFR as a whole and in specific patient groups, including pregnant women, neonates and infants, children and adolescents, and patients who have undergone renal transplantation is discussed. The use of BTP as a marker for cardiovascular risk factors is also briefly addressed. RESULTS: Although its performance in the general population is marginally inferior to cystatin C, studies have suggested that it may be superior in accurately estimating GFR in select patient groups such as pregnant women and neonates. CONCLUSIONS: This novel marker shows promise, but further research is required to clarify findings from available data.
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Beta-Trace Protein as a marker of GFR--history, indications, and future research.
Clinical Biochemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Guido Filler, Carola Kusserow, Laudelino Marques Lopes, Marta KobrzynskiAbstract:Abstract Objectives Recent findings suggest that beta-Trace Protein (BTP), a small molecular weight Protein, is at least equal if not superior to serum creatinine as a marker of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), particularly since it is independent from height, gender, age, and muscle mass. The authors sought to summarize knowledge on BTP and its use as a marker of GFR using the most recent literature available. Design and methods The authors compiled key articles and all relevant recent literature on this topic. Physical and chemical features of the molecule are described, as well as factors that may affect its expression. The use of BTP in estimating GFR as a whole and in specific patient groups, including pregnant women, neonates and infants, children and adolescents, and patients who have undergone renal transplantation is discussed. The use of BTP as a marker for cardiovascular risk factors is also briefly addressed. Results Although its performance in the general population is marginally inferior to cystatin C, studies have suggested that it may be superior in accurately estimating GFR in select patient groups such as pregnant women and neonates. Conclusions This novel marker shows promise, but further research is required to clarify findings from available data.
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Beta-Trace Protein as a marker of GFR--history, indications, and future research.
Clinical biochemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Guido Filler, Carola Kusserow, Laudelino Lopes, Marta KobrzyńskiAbstract:Recent findings suggest that beta-Trace Protein (BTP), a small molecular weight Protein, is at least equal if not superior to serum creatinine as a marker of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), particularly since it is independent from height, gender, age, and muscle mass. The authors sought to summarize knowledge on BTP and its use as a marker of GFR using the most recent literature available. The authors compiled key articles and all relevant recent literature on this topic. Physical and chemical features of the molecule are described, as well as factors that may affect its expression. The use of BTP in estimating GFR as a whole and in specific patient groups, including pregnant women, neonates and infants, children and adolescents, and patients who have undergone renal transplantation is discussed. The use of BTP as a marker for cardiovascular risk factors is also briefly addressed. Although its performance in the general population is marginally inferior to cystatin C, studies have suggested that it may be superior in accurately estimating GFR in select patient groups such as pregnant women and neonates. This novel marker shows promise, but further research is required to clarify findings from available data. Copyright © 2014 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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preliminary reference intervals for cystatin c and beta Trace Protein in preterm and term neonates
Clinical Biochemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Erika Bariciak, Nathalie Lepage, Abeer Yasin, Joann Harrold, Mark Walker, Guido FillerAbstract:Abstract Objective To determine the reference intervals for serum cystatin C (CysC) and beta-Trace Protein (BTP) as markers of renal function in preterm and term neonates. Design and Methods Blood samples of 128 neonates (34% female) admitted to the NICU were analyzed to determine the levels of serum creatinine (enzymatically), CysC and BTP (nephelometric, Siemens Health Care). Results The reference intervals, categorized by age, were reported for the 128 neonates. Median (lower/upper limit) BTP were 1.85 (0.57/3.16) and 1.27 (0.51/2.07) mg/L on days 1 and 3. In keeping with maturation of renal function after birth, CysC and BTP fell from days one to day three after birth, whereas creatinine did not. Conclusion Our data provides reference intervals for the levels of creatinine, CysC, and BTP in neonates on days 1 and 3 after birth and demonstrates that CysC and BTP reflect neonatal renal function, whereas creatinine reflects maternal renal function.
Helena Strevens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE Increased plasma levels of ß 2 -microglobulin, cystatin C and ß-Trace Protein in term pregnancy are not due to utero-placental production
2020Co-Authors: Karl Kristensen, Helena Strevens, A. Grubb, Dag Wide-swenssonAbstract:Objective. To study concentration gradients of the low molecular mass Proteins, s2-microglobulin, cystatin C and s-Trace Protein, between the uterine and ante-cubital veins, the umbilical artery and vein and in the amniotic fluid compartment. Material and methods. The study comprised 27 healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancies undergoing caesarean section at term. Samples were collected simultaneously and paired t-tests were used to compare mean plasma concentrations. Results. There was no significant concentration gradient in the plasma levels of s2-microglobulin, cystatin C or s-Trace Protein between the uterine and antecubital veins. There were no correlations between the Protein levels in the compartments. Conclusion. The utero-placental unit does not contribute significantly to the maternal levels of s2-microglobulin, cystatin C and s-Trace Protein in normal pregnancy, and the Proteins are not likely to be transferred across the placental barrier.
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Increased plasma levels of ss(2)-microglobulin, cystatin C and ss-Trace Protein in term pregnancy are not due to utero-placental production.
Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation, 2020Co-Authors: Karl Kristensen, Veronica Lindstrom, Helena Strevens, Anders Grubb, Dag Wide-swenssonAbstract:Objective. To study concentration gradients of the low molecular mass Proteins, s2‐microglobulin, cystatin C and s‐Trace Protein, between the uterine and ante‐cubital veins, the umbilical artery and vein and in the amniotic fluid compartment. Material and methods. The study comprised 27 healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancies undergoing caesarean section at term. Samples were collected simultaneously and paired t‐tests were used to compare mean plasma concentrations. Results. There was no significant concentration gradient in the plasma levels of s2‐microglobulin, cystatin C or s‐Trace Protein between the uterine and antecubital veins. There were no correlations between the Protein levels in the compartments. Conclusion. The utero‐placental unit does not contribute significantly to the maternal levels of s2‐microglobulin, cystatin C and s‐Trace Protein in normal pregnancy, and the Proteins are not likely to be transferred across the placental barrier.
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cystatin c beta 2 microglobulin and beta Trace Protein in pre eclampsia
Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 2007Co-Authors: Karl Kristensen, Dag Wideswensson, C Schmidt, Soren Blirupjensen, Veronica Lindstrom, Helena Strevens, Anders GrubbAbstract:Background. An altered renal function is an essential component of the patho-physiology of pre-eclampsia. The plasma levels of low molecular mass Proteins, e.g. β-Trace Protein, β-2-microglobulin and cystatin C, are increased in the third trimester of normal pregnancy. The plasma levels of cystatin C and β-2-microglobulin are further increased in pre-eclampsia, and the cystatin C level has been reported to be a reliable marker for the disease. The aim of this investigation was to study the plasma levels of β-Trace Protein, β-2-microglobulin and cystatin C in pre-eclampsia, and to determine the diagnostic performance of these Proteins compared to that of urate and creatinine. Methods. A case-control study of 57 women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia, and 218 healthy women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies in the third trimester. Women in the catchment area of Lund, Sweden, were included during an 18-month period from October 2003 to April 2005. Venous blood samples were drawn upon inclusion when diagnos...
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temporal changes of the plasma levels of cystatin c beta Trace Protein beta 2 microglobulin urate and creatinine during pregnancy indicate continuous alterations in the renal filtration process
Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation, 2007Co-Authors: Karl Kristensen, Dag Wideswensson, C Schmidt, Soren Blirupjensen, Veronica Lindstrom, Anders Grubb, Helena StrevensAbstract:Objective. To determine the plasma levels of the renal functional markers creatinine, urate, cystatin C, β2‐microglobulin and β‐Trace Protein in samples from the first, second, early third and late third trimesters of 398 healthy women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies. Material and methods. Plasma samples from 58 healthy non‐pregnant women served as controls. The creatinine levels were significantly lower at all time‐points in pregnancy, whereas the urate levels were lower during the first and second trimesters but increased in the late third trimester. The cystatin C, β2‐microglobulin and β‐Trace Protein levels displayed similar changes with increased levels in the third trimester but unaltered levels during the first and second trimesters. Results. The results indicate an increased filtration of low‐molecular weight molecules during pregnancy, particularly during the first and second trimesters, whereas filtration of 10–30 kDa molecules is decreased in the third but unaltered in the first and se...
Anders Grubb - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Increased plasma levels of ss(2)-microglobulin, cystatin C and ss-Trace Protein in term pregnancy are not due to utero-placental production.
Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation, 2020Co-Authors: Karl Kristensen, Veronica Lindstrom, Helena Strevens, Anders Grubb, Dag Wide-swenssonAbstract:Objective. To study concentration gradients of the low molecular mass Proteins, s2‐microglobulin, cystatin C and s‐Trace Protein, between the uterine and ante‐cubital veins, the umbilical artery and vein and in the amniotic fluid compartment. Material and methods. The study comprised 27 healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancies undergoing caesarean section at term. Samples were collected simultaneously and paired t‐tests were used to compare mean plasma concentrations. Results. There was no significant concentration gradient in the plasma levels of s2‐microglobulin, cystatin C or s‐Trace Protein between the uterine and antecubital veins. There were no correlations between the Protein levels in the compartments. Conclusion. The utero‐placental unit does not contribute significantly to the maternal levels of s2‐microglobulin, cystatin C and s‐Trace Protein in normal pregnancy, and the Proteins are not likely to be transferred across the placental barrier.
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Different elimination patterns of beta-Trace Protein, beta(2)-microglobulin and cystatin C in haemodialysis, haemodiafiltration and haemofiltration.
Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation, 2008Co-Authors: Veronica Lindstrom, Anders Grubb, M Alquist Hegbrant, Anders ChristenssonAbstract:Objective. Low molecular mass Proteins (LMMP) are putative uraemic toxins, but their elimination is negligible in standard haemodialysis (HD). In this study, we used beta(2)-microglobulin, cystatin C and beta-Trace Protein, which differ in molecular mass and charge, to characterize the elimination patterns of three different dialysis modalities. Material and methods. Plasma samples were obtained at the start, 30 min after the start, at the end of the dialysis treatment and 30 min after termination of the dialysis session. Seventeen patients were treated with low-flux HD, 13 with post-dilution haemodiafiltration (HDF) and 8 with pre-dilution haemofiltration (HF). The changes in concentrations of the three LMMPs were monitored and expressed as percentages of the concentrations at the start of treatments. Results. Conventional HD with low-flux membranes showed a high elimination of small molecules (urea and creatinine), but did not reduce the levels of the three LMMPs studied. During HDF and HF, there was a significant decrease in the plasma levels of cystatin C (to 28 % and 44 %, respectively) (p
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cystatin c beta 2 microglobulin and beta Trace Protein in pre eclampsia
Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 2007Co-Authors: Karl Kristensen, Dag Wideswensson, C Schmidt, Soren Blirupjensen, Veronica Lindstrom, Helena Strevens, Anders GrubbAbstract:Background. An altered renal function is an essential component of the patho-physiology of pre-eclampsia. The plasma levels of low molecular mass Proteins, e.g. β-Trace Protein, β-2-microglobulin and cystatin C, are increased in the third trimester of normal pregnancy. The plasma levels of cystatin C and β-2-microglobulin are further increased in pre-eclampsia, and the cystatin C level has been reported to be a reliable marker for the disease. The aim of this investigation was to study the plasma levels of β-Trace Protein, β-2-microglobulin and cystatin C in pre-eclampsia, and to determine the diagnostic performance of these Proteins compared to that of urate and creatinine. Methods. A case-control study of 57 women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia, and 218 healthy women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies in the third trimester. Women in the catchment area of Lund, Sweden, were included during an 18-month period from October 2003 to April 2005. Venous blood samples were drawn upon inclusion when diagnos...
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temporal changes of the plasma levels of cystatin c beta Trace Protein beta 2 microglobulin urate and creatinine during pregnancy indicate continuous alterations in the renal filtration process
Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation, 2007Co-Authors: Karl Kristensen, Dag Wideswensson, C Schmidt, Soren Blirupjensen, Veronica Lindstrom, Anders Grubb, Helena StrevensAbstract:Objective. To determine the plasma levels of the renal functional markers creatinine, urate, cystatin C, β2‐microglobulin and β‐Trace Protein in samples from the first, second, early third and late third trimesters of 398 healthy women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies. Material and methods. Plasma samples from 58 healthy non‐pregnant women served as controls. The creatinine levels were significantly lower at all time‐points in pregnancy, whereas the urate levels were lower during the first and second trimesters but increased in the late third trimester. The cystatin C, β2‐microglobulin and β‐Trace Protein levels displayed similar changes with increased levels in the third trimester but unaltered levels during the first and second trimesters. Results. The results indicate an increased filtration of low‐molecular weight molecules during pregnancy, particularly during the first and second trimesters, whereas filtration of 10–30 kDa molecules is decreased in the third but unaltered in the first and se...
Karl Kristensen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE Increased plasma levels of ß 2 -microglobulin, cystatin C and ß-Trace Protein in term pregnancy are not due to utero-placental production
2020Co-Authors: Karl Kristensen, Helena Strevens, A. Grubb, Dag Wide-swenssonAbstract:Objective. To study concentration gradients of the low molecular mass Proteins, s2-microglobulin, cystatin C and s-Trace Protein, between the uterine and ante-cubital veins, the umbilical artery and vein and in the amniotic fluid compartment. Material and methods. The study comprised 27 healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancies undergoing caesarean section at term. Samples were collected simultaneously and paired t-tests were used to compare mean plasma concentrations. Results. There was no significant concentration gradient in the plasma levels of s2-microglobulin, cystatin C or s-Trace Protein between the uterine and antecubital veins. There were no correlations between the Protein levels in the compartments. Conclusion. The utero-placental unit does not contribute significantly to the maternal levels of s2-microglobulin, cystatin C and s-Trace Protein in normal pregnancy, and the Proteins are not likely to be transferred across the placental barrier.
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Increased plasma levels of ss(2)-microglobulin, cystatin C and ss-Trace Protein in term pregnancy are not due to utero-placental production.
Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation, 2020Co-Authors: Karl Kristensen, Veronica Lindstrom, Helena Strevens, Anders Grubb, Dag Wide-swenssonAbstract:Objective. To study concentration gradients of the low molecular mass Proteins, s2‐microglobulin, cystatin C and s‐Trace Protein, between the uterine and ante‐cubital veins, the umbilical artery and vein and in the amniotic fluid compartment. Material and methods. The study comprised 27 healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancies undergoing caesarean section at term. Samples were collected simultaneously and paired t‐tests were used to compare mean plasma concentrations. Results. There was no significant concentration gradient in the plasma levels of s2‐microglobulin, cystatin C or s‐Trace Protein between the uterine and antecubital veins. There were no correlations between the Protein levels in the compartments. Conclusion. The utero‐placental unit does not contribute significantly to the maternal levels of s2‐microglobulin, cystatin C and s‐Trace Protein in normal pregnancy, and the Proteins are not likely to be transferred across the placental barrier.
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cystatin c beta 2 microglobulin and beta Trace Protein in pre eclampsia
Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 2007Co-Authors: Karl Kristensen, Dag Wideswensson, C Schmidt, Soren Blirupjensen, Veronica Lindstrom, Helena Strevens, Anders GrubbAbstract:Background. An altered renal function is an essential component of the patho-physiology of pre-eclampsia. The plasma levels of low molecular mass Proteins, e.g. β-Trace Protein, β-2-microglobulin and cystatin C, are increased in the third trimester of normal pregnancy. The plasma levels of cystatin C and β-2-microglobulin are further increased in pre-eclampsia, and the cystatin C level has been reported to be a reliable marker for the disease. The aim of this investigation was to study the plasma levels of β-Trace Protein, β-2-microglobulin and cystatin C in pre-eclampsia, and to determine the diagnostic performance of these Proteins compared to that of urate and creatinine. Methods. A case-control study of 57 women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia, and 218 healthy women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies in the third trimester. Women in the catchment area of Lund, Sweden, were included during an 18-month period from October 2003 to April 2005. Venous blood samples were drawn upon inclusion when diagnos...
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temporal changes of the plasma levels of cystatin c beta Trace Protein beta 2 microglobulin urate and creatinine during pregnancy indicate continuous alterations in the renal filtration process
Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation, 2007Co-Authors: Karl Kristensen, Dag Wideswensson, C Schmidt, Soren Blirupjensen, Veronica Lindstrom, Anders Grubb, Helena StrevensAbstract:Objective. To determine the plasma levels of the renal functional markers creatinine, urate, cystatin C, β2‐microglobulin and β‐Trace Protein in samples from the first, second, early third and late third trimesters of 398 healthy women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies. Material and methods. Plasma samples from 58 healthy non‐pregnant women served as controls. The creatinine levels were significantly lower at all time‐points in pregnancy, whereas the urate levels were lower during the first and second trimesters but increased in the late third trimester. The cystatin C, β2‐microglobulin and β‐Trace Protein levels displayed similar changes with increased levels in the third trimester but unaltered levels during the first and second trimesters. Results. The results indicate an increased filtration of low‐molecular weight molecules during pregnancy, particularly during the first and second trimesters, whereas filtration of 10–30 kDa molecules is decreased in the third but unaltered in the first and se...
Veronica Lindstrom - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Increased plasma levels of ss(2)-microglobulin, cystatin C and ss-Trace Protein in term pregnancy are not due to utero-placental production.
Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation, 2020Co-Authors: Karl Kristensen, Veronica Lindstrom, Helena Strevens, Anders Grubb, Dag Wide-swenssonAbstract:Objective. To study concentration gradients of the low molecular mass Proteins, s2‐microglobulin, cystatin C and s‐Trace Protein, between the uterine and ante‐cubital veins, the umbilical artery and vein and in the amniotic fluid compartment. Material and methods. The study comprised 27 healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancies undergoing caesarean section at term. Samples were collected simultaneously and paired t‐tests were used to compare mean plasma concentrations. Results. There was no significant concentration gradient in the plasma levels of s2‐microglobulin, cystatin C or s‐Trace Protein between the uterine and antecubital veins. There were no correlations between the Protein levels in the compartments. Conclusion. The utero‐placental unit does not contribute significantly to the maternal levels of s2‐microglobulin, cystatin C and s‐Trace Protein in normal pregnancy, and the Proteins are not likely to be transferred across the placental barrier.
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Different elimination patterns of beta-Trace Protein, beta(2)-microglobulin and cystatin C in haemodialysis, haemodiafiltration and haemofiltration.
Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation, 2008Co-Authors: Veronica Lindstrom, Anders Grubb, M Alquist Hegbrant, Anders ChristenssonAbstract:Objective. Low molecular mass Proteins (LMMP) are putative uraemic toxins, but their elimination is negligible in standard haemodialysis (HD). In this study, we used beta(2)-microglobulin, cystatin C and beta-Trace Protein, which differ in molecular mass and charge, to characterize the elimination patterns of three different dialysis modalities. Material and methods. Plasma samples were obtained at the start, 30 min after the start, at the end of the dialysis treatment and 30 min after termination of the dialysis session. Seventeen patients were treated with low-flux HD, 13 with post-dilution haemodiafiltration (HDF) and 8 with pre-dilution haemofiltration (HF). The changes in concentrations of the three LMMPs were monitored and expressed as percentages of the concentrations at the start of treatments. Results. Conventional HD with low-flux membranes showed a high elimination of small molecules (urea and creatinine), but did not reduce the levels of the three LMMPs studied. During HDF and HF, there was a significant decrease in the plasma levels of cystatin C (to 28 % and 44 %, respectively) (p
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cystatin c beta 2 microglobulin and beta Trace Protein in pre eclampsia
Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 2007Co-Authors: Karl Kristensen, Dag Wideswensson, C Schmidt, Soren Blirupjensen, Veronica Lindstrom, Helena Strevens, Anders GrubbAbstract:Background. An altered renal function is an essential component of the patho-physiology of pre-eclampsia. The plasma levels of low molecular mass Proteins, e.g. β-Trace Protein, β-2-microglobulin and cystatin C, are increased in the third trimester of normal pregnancy. The plasma levels of cystatin C and β-2-microglobulin are further increased in pre-eclampsia, and the cystatin C level has been reported to be a reliable marker for the disease. The aim of this investigation was to study the plasma levels of β-Trace Protein, β-2-microglobulin and cystatin C in pre-eclampsia, and to determine the diagnostic performance of these Proteins compared to that of urate and creatinine. Methods. A case-control study of 57 women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia, and 218 healthy women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies in the third trimester. Women in the catchment area of Lund, Sweden, were included during an 18-month period from October 2003 to April 2005. Venous blood samples were drawn upon inclusion when diagnos...
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temporal changes of the plasma levels of cystatin c beta Trace Protein beta 2 microglobulin urate and creatinine during pregnancy indicate continuous alterations in the renal filtration process
Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation, 2007Co-Authors: Karl Kristensen, Dag Wideswensson, C Schmidt, Soren Blirupjensen, Veronica Lindstrom, Anders Grubb, Helena StrevensAbstract:Objective. To determine the plasma levels of the renal functional markers creatinine, urate, cystatin C, β2‐microglobulin and β‐Trace Protein in samples from the first, second, early third and late third trimesters of 398 healthy women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies. Material and methods. Plasma samples from 58 healthy non‐pregnant women served as controls. The creatinine levels were significantly lower at all time‐points in pregnancy, whereas the urate levels were lower during the first and second trimesters but increased in the late third trimester. The cystatin C, β2‐microglobulin and β‐Trace Protein levels displayed similar changes with increased levels in the third trimester but unaltered levels during the first and second trimesters. Results. The results indicate an increased filtration of low‐molecular weight molecules during pregnancy, particularly during the first and second trimesters, whereas filtration of 10–30 kDa molecules is decreased in the third but unaltered in the first and se...
