The Experts below are selected from a list of 282 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Sean Esteban Mccabe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prescription Tranquilizer sedative misuse motives across the us population
Journal of Addiction Medicine, 2021Co-Authors: Ty S. Schepis, Linda Wastila, Sean Esteban MccabeAbstract:Objectives Roughly 6.5 million US residents engaged in prescription Tranquilizer/sedative (eg, benzodiazepines, Z-drugs) misuse in 2018, but Tranquilizer/sedative misuse motives are understudied, with a need for nationally representative data and examinations of motives by age group. Our aims were to establish Tranquilizer/sedative misuse motives and correlates of motives by age cohort, and whether motive-age cohort interactions existed by correlate. Methods Data were from the 2015 to 2018 US National Survey on Drug Use and Health, with 223,520 total respondents (51.5% female); 6580 noted past-year prescription Tranquilizer/sedative misuse motives (2.4% overall, 50.3% female). Correlates included substance use (eg, opioid misuse), mental (eg, suicidal ideation) and physical health variables (e.g., inpatient hospitalization). Design-based, weighted cross-tabulations and logistic regression analyses were used, including analyses of age cohort-motive interactions for each correlate. Results Prescription Tranquilizer/sedative misuse motives varied by age group, with the highest rates of self-treatment only motives (ie, sleep and/or relax) in those 65 and older (82.7%), and the highest rates of any recreational motives in adolescents (12-17 years; 67.5%). Any Tranquilizer/sedative misuse was associated with elevated odds of substance use, mental health, and physical health correlates, but recreational misuse was associated with the highest odds. Age-based interactions suggested stronger relationships between Tranquilizer/sedative misuse and mental health in adults 50 and older. Conclusions Any Tranquilizer/sedative misuse signals a need for substance use and mental health screening, with intervention needs most acute in those with any recreational motives. Older adult Tranquilizer/sedative misuse may be more driven by undertreated insomnia and anxiety/psychopathology than in younger groups.
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prescription Tranquilizer sedative sources for misuse in older adults
Substance Use & Misuse, 2019Co-Authors: Ty S. Schepis, Sean Esteban MccabeAbstract:AbstractBackground: Older adult prescription Tranquilizer/sedative misuse is understudied, despite evidence of increased misuse prevalence and significant associated consequences (e.g., suicidal id...
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prescription Tranquilizer sedative misuse prevalence and correlates across age cohorts in the us
Addictive Behaviors, 2018Co-Authors: Ty S. Schepis, Christian J Teter, Linda Simoniwastila, Sean Esteban MccabeAbstract:Abstract Background Prescription Tranquilizer/sedative (e.g., alprazolam, zolpidem) misuse (i.e., use in ways not intended by the prescriber or without a prescription) is understudied, with little research identifying misuse correlates. Identification of key correlates could identify subgroups more likely to engage in misuse, allowing for targeted treatment. This work examines Tranquilizer/sedative use and misuse prevalence rates and misuse correlates across U.S. age cohorts, using nationally representative data. Methods Data were from the 2015–16 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (n = 114,043). Analyses used design-based logistic regression for past-year Tranquilizer/sedative misuse correlates across participants or those engaged in past-year use; past-month misuse correlates were also examined in those with past-year misuse. Results Young adults (18–25 years) had the highest prevalence of past-year and past-month Tranquilizer/sedative misuse, with 42.8% of those with past-year use also engaged in misuse. Mental health correlates were associated with past-year misuse, while substance use, particularly opioid misuse, was associated with both past-year and past-month misuse. Substance use correlate strength was most likely to vary by age group, with older adults (65 years and older) having fewer significant correlates overall. Conclusions This work highlighted young adults and those with other substance use as most likely to engage in Tranquilizer/sedative misuse. In particular, those endorsing suicidality and reporting opioid misuse are a subgroup of concern, given their especially elevated rates of misuse and the increased risk for overdose imparted by Tranquilizer/sedative medication. Workplace-based interventions for young adults and school-based universal prevention may be warranted to limit Tranquilizer/sedative misuse in these groups.
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does misuse lead to a disorder the misuse of prescription Tranquilizer and sedative medications and subsequent substance use disorders in a u s longitudinal sample
Addictive Behaviors, 2018Co-Authors: Carol J Boyd, Brady T West, Sean Esteban MccabeAbstract:Abstract Objectives We used two waves of National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) data and examined whether the misuse of prescription Tranquilizers or sedatives at Wave 1 was associated with either continued misuse, Tranquilizer/sedative use disorder, or other substance use disorder (SUD) at Wave 2. Methods Prospective data were analyzed from structured diagnostic interviews using the Alcohol Use disorders and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule: DSM-IV Version (AUDADIS-DSM-IV). A nationally representative sample of 34,653 of U.S. adults, 18 years or older at Wave 1 (2001 − 2002), were re-interviewed at Wave 2 (2004–2005). After applying the survey weights, the sample represented a population that was 52% female, 71% White, 12% Hispanic, 11% African American, 4% Asian and 2% Native American or other. Results An estimated 79% of adults who engaged in Tranquilizer or sedative misuse at Wave 1 had stopped using these drugs at Wave 2. Only a small percentage (4.3%) of misusers at Wave 1 had a Tranquilizer or sedative use disorder at Wave 2. However, 45% (45.0%) of misusers at Wave 1 had at least one other SUD at Wave 2. Among those in remission from a sedative or Tranquilizer use disorder at Wave 1, 4.8% had a Tranquilizer or sedative use disorder while 34.7% had at least one other SUD at Wave 2. Conclusions Most adults who engaged in the misuse of prescription Tranquilizers or sedatives ceased using within 3 years; however, their prior misuse was associated with higher prevalence of having a SUD three years later.
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developmental course of non medical use of prescription drugs from adolescence to adulthood in the united states national longitudinal data
Addiction, 2016Co-Authors: Sean Esteban Mccabe, Deborah D Kloska, Philip Veliz, Justin Jager, John E SchulenbergAbstract:Aims To identify the developmental course of non-medical use of four separate prescription drug classes (opioids, sedatives, stimulants and Tranquilizers) by examining the general functional growth and related covariates during the transition from adolescence to adulthood in the United States. Design Nationally representative probability samples of high school seniors were followed longitudinally across five waves (waves 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5: modal ages 18, 19/20, 21/22, 23/24 and 25/26 years, respectively). Setting Data were collected via self-administered questionnaires to high school seniors and young adults in the United States. Participants The sample consisted of nearly 72 000 individuals in 30 cohorts (high school senior years of 1977–2006) who participated in at least one wave. Measurements Self-reports of annual non-medical use of prescription opioids, sedatives, stimulants, and Tranquilizers. Findings The annual non-medical use of prescription opioids, sedatives, stimulants and Tranquilizers was highest at wave 1 over the five waves. There was a consistent descending path (linear and quadratic slopes, P < 0.001) in annual non-medical use from baseline across all four prescription drug classes (e.g. opioids linear slope = −0.043 and opioids quadratic slope = 0.034, P < 0.001). While the annual non-medical use of stimulants declined over time (linear slope = 0.063, P < 0.01; quadratic slope = −0.133, P < 0.001), the same decrease was not observed for the annual non-medical use of prescription opioids, sedatives or Tranquilizers when controlling for socio-demographic and substance use behaviors at baseline. The covariates associated with the general functional growth differed across the four prescription drug classes. Conclusions The non-medical use of prescription opioids, sedatives, stimulants and Tranquilizers appears to peak during late adolescence, suggesting preventive intervention efforts should be initiated in early adolescence. The developmental course of non-medical use is not the same among all four classes of prescription drugs, suggesting that each drug class warrants individual research.
Steven R Horbal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of alcohol cannabis and cigarette use on the initiation reinitiation and persistence of non medical use of opioids sedatives and Tranquilizers in adults
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2016Co-Authors: Brooke J Arterberry, Steven R HorbalAbstract:Abstract Background Non-medical prescription drug use (NMPDU) has been a growing concern due to increased prevalence and severity of consequences. Epidemiological research has identified alcohol, cannabis, and cigarette use to be associated with NMPDU and initiation. However, studies have not examined stages of NMPDU in relation to other substances, which can highlight salient factors associated with high risk stages of NMPDU, such as reinitiation and persistence. Methods This study used an adult sample from the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions Wave 1 (2001–2002) and Wave 2 (2004–2005) data. We examined non-users, prior users, and current users of opioids and sedatives/Tranquilizers at risk of initiation, reinitiation, and persistence between Wave 1 and Wave 2 in relation to early-onset and frequency of cannabis, cigarette, and alcohol use, controlling for sociodemographics. Results Early-onset of cigarette and alcohol use increased the odds of opioid use initiation; early-onset of cannabis, cigarette, and alcohol use increased the odds of sedative/Tranquilizer use initiation and opioid reinitiation, persistence, while early-onset cannabis increased the odds of sedative/Tranquilizer reinitiation and persistence. Frequency of cannabis and cigarette use predicted all three stages of opioid use, initiation/reinitiation of sedatives/Tranquilizers, and frequency of cannabis use alone predicted sedative/Tranquilizer persistence. Conclusions This study provided evidence that differentiating among those who have experienced initiation, reinitiation, or persistence of NMPDU via early-onset and frequency of alcohol, cigarettes, and cannabis is vital, as there are specific aspects that influence risk. Therefore, tailoring interventions at different stages to reduce NMPDU is crucial.
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the effects of alcohol cannabis and cigarette use on the initiation reinitiation and persistence of non medical use of opioids sedatives and Tranquilizers in adults
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2016Co-Authors: Brooke J Arterberry, Steven R HorbalAbstract:Abstract Background Non-medical prescription drug use (NMPDU) has been a growing concern due to increased prevalence and severity of consequences. Epidemiological research has identified alcohol, cannabis, and cigarette use to be associated with NMPDU and initiation. However, studies have not examined stages of NMPDU in relation to other substances, which can highlight salient factors associated with high risk stages of NMPDU, such as reinitiation and persistence. Methods This study used an adult sample from the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions Wave 1 (2001–2002) and Wave 2 (2004–2005) data. We examined non-users, prior users, and current users of opioids and sedatives/Tranquilizers at risk of initiation, reinitiation, and persistence between Wave 1 and Wave 2 in relation to early-onset and frequency of cannabis, cigarette, and alcohol use, controlling for sociodemographics. Results Early-onset of cigarette and alcohol use increased the odds of opioid use initiation; early-onset of cannabis, cigarette, and alcohol use increased the odds of sedative/Tranquilizer use initiation and opioid reinitiation, persistence, while early-onset cannabis increased the odds of sedative/Tranquilizer reinitiation and persistence. Frequency of cannabis and cigarette use predicted all three stages of opioid use, initiation/reinitiation of sedatives/Tranquilizers, and frequency of cannabis use alone predicted sedative/Tranquilizer persistence. Conclusions This study provided evidence that differentiating among those who have experienced initiation, reinitiation, or persistence of NMPDU via early-onset and frequency of alcohol, cigarettes, and cannabis is vital, as there are specific aspects that influence risk. Therefore, tailoring interventions at different stages to reduce NMPDU is crucial.
Brooke J Arterberry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of alcohol cannabis and cigarette use on the initiation reinitiation and persistence of non medical use of opioids sedatives and Tranquilizers in adults
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2016Co-Authors: Brooke J Arterberry, Steven R HorbalAbstract:Abstract Background Non-medical prescription drug use (NMPDU) has been a growing concern due to increased prevalence and severity of consequences. Epidemiological research has identified alcohol, cannabis, and cigarette use to be associated with NMPDU and initiation. However, studies have not examined stages of NMPDU in relation to other substances, which can highlight salient factors associated with high risk stages of NMPDU, such as reinitiation and persistence. Methods This study used an adult sample from the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions Wave 1 (2001–2002) and Wave 2 (2004–2005) data. We examined non-users, prior users, and current users of opioids and sedatives/Tranquilizers at risk of initiation, reinitiation, and persistence between Wave 1 and Wave 2 in relation to early-onset and frequency of cannabis, cigarette, and alcohol use, controlling for sociodemographics. Results Early-onset of cigarette and alcohol use increased the odds of opioid use initiation; early-onset of cannabis, cigarette, and alcohol use increased the odds of sedative/Tranquilizer use initiation and opioid reinitiation, persistence, while early-onset cannabis increased the odds of sedative/Tranquilizer reinitiation and persistence. Frequency of cannabis and cigarette use predicted all three stages of opioid use, initiation/reinitiation of sedatives/Tranquilizers, and frequency of cannabis use alone predicted sedative/Tranquilizer persistence. Conclusions This study provided evidence that differentiating among those who have experienced initiation, reinitiation, or persistence of NMPDU via early-onset and frequency of alcohol, cigarettes, and cannabis is vital, as there are specific aspects that influence risk. Therefore, tailoring interventions at different stages to reduce NMPDU is crucial.
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the effects of alcohol cannabis and cigarette use on the initiation reinitiation and persistence of non medical use of opioids sedatives and Tranquilizers in adults
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2016Co-Authors: Brooke J Arterberry, Steven R HorbalAbstract:Abstract Background Non-medical prescription drug use (NMPDU) has been a growing concern due to increased prevalence and severity of consequences. Epidemiological research has identified alcohol, cannabis, and cigarette use to be associated with NMPDU and initiation. However, studies have not examined stages of NMPDU in relation to other substances, which can highlight salient factors associated with high risk stages of NMPDU, such as reinitiation and persistence. Methods This study used an adult sample from the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions Wave 1 (2001–2002) and Wave 2 (2004–2005) data. We examined non-users, prior users, and current users of opioids and sedatives/Tranquilizers at risk of initiation, reinitiation, and persistence between Wave 1 and Wave 2 in relation to early-onset and frequency of cannabis, cigarette, and alcohol use, controlling for sociodemographics. Results Early-onset of cigarette and alcohol use increased the odds of opioid use initiation; early-onset of cannabis, cigarette, and alcohol use increased the odds of sedative/Tranquilizer use initiation and opioid reinitiation, persistence, while early-onset cannabis increased the odds of sedative/Tranquilizer reinitiation and persistence. Frequency of cannabis and cigarette use predicted all three stages of opioid use, initiation/reinitiation of sedatives/Tranquilizers, and frequency of cannabis use alone predicted sedative/Tranquilizer persistence. Conclusions This study provided evidence that differentiating among those who have experienced initiation, reinitiation, or persistence of NMPDU via early-onset and frequency of alcohol, cigarettes, and cannabis is vital, as there are specific aspects that influence risk. Therefore, tailoring interventions at different stages to reduce NMPDU is crucial.
Ty S. Schepis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prescription Tranquilizer sedative misuse motives across the us population
Journal of Addiction Medicine, 2021Co-Authors: Ty S. Schepis, Linda Wastila, Sean Esteban MccabeAbstract:Objectives Roughly 6.5 million US residents engaged in prescription Tranquilizer/sedative (eg, benzodiazepines, Z-drugs) misuse in 2018, but Tranquilizer/sedative misuse motives are understudied, with a need for nationally representative data and examinations of motives by age group. Our aims were to establish Tranquilizer/sedative misuse motives and correlates of motives by age cohort, and whether motive-age cohort interactions existed by correlate. Methods Data were from the 2015 to 2018 US National Survey on Drug Use and Health, with 223,520 total respondents (51.5% female); 6580 noted past-year prescription Tranquilizer/sedative misuse motives (2.4% overall, 50.3% female). Correlates included substance use (eg, opioid misuse), mental (eg, suicidal ideation) and physical health variables (e.g., inpatient hospitalization). Design-based, weighted cross-tabulations and logistic regression analyses were used, including analyses of age cohort-motive interactions for each correlate. Results Prescription Tranquilizer/sedative misuse motives varied by age group, with the highest rates of self-treatment only motives (ie, sleep and/or relax) in those 65 and older (82.7%), and the highest rates of any recreational motives in adolescents (12-17 years; 67.5%). Any Tranquilizer/sedative misuse was associated with elevated odds of substance use, mental health, and physical health correlates, but recreational misuse was associated with the highest odds. Age-based interactions suggested stronger relationships between Tranquilizer/sedative misuse and mental health in adults 50 and older. Conclusions Any Tranquilizer/sedative misuse signals a need for substance use and mental health screening, with intervention needs most acute in those with any recreational motives. Older adult Tranquilizer/sedative misuse may be more driven by undertreated insomnia and anxiety/psychopathology than in younger groups.
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prescription drug misuse taking a lifespan perspective
Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, 2020Co-Authors: Ty S. Schepis, Dalton L Klare, Jason A. FordAbstract:Prescription drug misuse (PDM), or medication use without a prescription or in ways not intended by the prescriber, is a notable public health concern, especially in the United States. Accumulating research has characterized PDM prevalence and processes, but age-based or lifespan changes in PDM are understudied. Given age-based differences in the medical or developmental concerns that often underlie PDM, it is likely that PDM varies by age. This review summarizes the literature on PDM across the lifespan, examining lifespan changes in prevalence, sources, motives and correlates for opioid, stimulant, and Tranquilizer/sedative (or benzodiazepine) PDM. In all, prevalence rates, sources and motives vary considerably by age group, with fewer age-based differences in correlates or risk factors. PDM prevalence rates tend to decline with aging, with greater use of physician sources and greater endorsement of self-treatment motives in older groups. Recreational motives (such as to get high) tend to peak in young adulthood, with greater use of peer sources or purchases to obtain medication for PDM in younger groups. PDM co-occurs with other substance use and psychopathology, including suicidality, across age groups. The evidence for lifespan variation in PDM is strongest for opioid PDM, with a need for more research on Tranquilizer/sedative and stimulant PDM. The current literature is limited by the few studies of lifespan changes in PDM within a single sample, a lack of longitudinal research, little research addressing PDM in the context of polysubstance use, and little research on minority groups, such as sexual and gender minorities.
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prescription Tranquilizer sedative sources for misuse in older adults
Substance Use & Misuse, 2019Co-Authors: Ty S. Schepis, Sean Esteban MccabeAbstract:AbstractBackground: Older adult prescription Tranquilizer/sedative misuse is understudied, despite evidence of increased misuse prevalence and significant associated consequences (e.g., suicidal id...
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prescription Tranquilizer sedative misuse prevalence and correlates across age cohorts in the us
Addictive Behaviors, 2018Co-Authors: Ty S. Schepis, Christian J Teter, Linda Simoniwastila, Sean Esteban MccabeAbstract:Abstract Background Prescription Tranquilizer/sedative (e.g., alprazolam, zolpidem) misuse (i.e., use in ways not intended by the prescriber or without a prescription) is understudied, with little research identifying misuse correlates. Identification of key correlates could identify subgroups more likely to engage in misuse, allowing for targeted treatment. This work examines Tranquilizer/sedative use and misuse prevalence rates and misuse correlates across U.S. age cohorts, using nationally representative data. Methods Data were from the 2015–16 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (n = 114,043). Analyses used design-based logistic regression for past-year Tranquilizer/sedative misuse correlates across participants or those engaged in past-year use; past-month misuse correlates were also examined in those with past-year misuse. Results Young adults (18–25 years) had the highest prevalence of past-year and past-month Tranquilizer/sedative misuse, with 42.8% of those with past-year use also engaged in misuse. Mental health correlates were associated with past-year misuse, while substance use, particularly opioid misuse, was associated with both past-year and past-month misuse. Substance use correlate strength was most likely to vary by age group, with older adults (65 years and older) having fewer significant correlates overall. Conclusions This work highlighted young adults and those with other substance use as most likely to engage in Tranquilizer/sedative misuse. In particular, those endorsing suicidality and reporting opioid misuse are a subgroup of concern, given their especially elevated rates of misuse and the increased risk for overdose imparted by Tranquilizer/sedative medication. Workplace-based interventions for young adults and school-based universal prevention may be warranted to limit Tranquilizer/sedative misuse in these groups.
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dose related effects for the precipitation of psychopathology by opioid or Tranquilizer sedative nonmedical prescription use results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions
Journal of Addiction Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Ty S. Schepis, Jahn K HakesAbstract:OBJECTIVES Recent work offers evidence that nonmedical use of prescription medications (NUPM) may precipitate the development and recurrence of psychopathology. This work further explores this relationship by examining the dose-related effects of past year opioid and pooled Tranquilizer/sedative NUPM on incidence and recurrence of psychopathology. METHODS Data are from waves 1 and 2 of the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a national, household-based survey of US adults. Participants who completed both waves (N = 34,653) were included in analyses. Design-based multivariate logistic regression tested the effects of past-year NUPM frequency on the incidence and recurrence of psychopathology, separately for opioids and Tranquilizers/sedatives. RESULTS Recurrence of alcohol use disorder and incidence and recurrence of non-NUPM substance use disorder were less likely in non-past-year users, with any increasing risk of NUPM. For mood and anxiety disorders, elevated risk occurred in 8 of 12 cases for weekly/daily users, though in 3 cases, non-past-year users were also at higher risk than monthly or less frequent users. Incidence of bipolar disorder related to opioid NUPM and incidence of anxiety disorders related to Tranquilizer/sedative NUPM evidenced a stepwise risk progression based on the NUPM frequency. CONCLUSIONS Any opioid or Tranquilizer/sedative NUPM may increase risk for alcohol use disorder and non-NUPM substance use disorder, with weekly/daily opioid or Tranquilizer/sedative nonmedical users appearing to be most vulnerable to the incidence and recurrence of depressive, bipolar, and anxiety disorders. This work highlights the importance of screening for the NUPM by clinicians, and it highlights the need for further research to better understand the psychopathology-NUPM interaction.
Heather L Corliss - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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risk factors for high levels of prescription drug misuse and illicit drug use among substance using young men who have sex with men ymsm
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2015Co-Authors: Aleksandar Kecojevic, Carolyn F Wong, Heather L CorlissAbstract:Abstract Background Limited research has focused on prescription drug misuse among young men who have sex with men (YMSM), or investigated risk factors contributing to misuse. This study aims to investigate the relationship between multiple psychosocial risk factors (i.e., childhood abuse, discrimination, mental health distress) and prescription drug misuse among YMSM who are current substance users. Methods YMSM ( N = 191) who reported prescription drug misuse in the past 6 months were recruited in Philadelphia between 2012 and 2013 to complete an anonymous survey assessing demographic information, substance use, and psychosocial factors. Results High levels of childhood physical abuse and perceived stress were associated with higher opioid misuse, while high levels of depression were associated with lower misuse of opioids. Those with higher levels of perceived stress were more likely to report higher Tranquilizer misuse, while those with more experiences of social homophobia/racism and higher levels of depression and somatization reported higher stimulant misuse. Regarding demographic correlates, older participants were more likely than younger participants to report higher opioid misuse, while racial minorities were less likely than White participants to report higher misuse of Tranquilizers, stimulants, and illicit drug use. Bisexual/heterosexual/other identified participants were more likely than gay identified participants to report higher misuse of all three classes of prescription drugs. Conclusions Associations of risk factors with substance use among YMSM are complex and offer opportunities for additional research. Our findings show that prevention efforts must address substance use among YMSM in sync with psychosocial stressors.
