The Experts below are selected from a list of 771 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Tracy L Bale - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • lifetime stress experience Transgenerational Epigenetics and germ cell programming
    Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 2014
    Co-Authors: Tracy L Bale
    Abstract:

    The Transgenerational epigenetic programming involved in the passage of environmental exposures to stressful periods from one generation to the next has been examined in human populations, and mechanistically in animal models. Epidemiological studies suggest that gestational exposures to environmental factors including stress are strongly associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, including attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorders. Both maternal and paternal life experiences with stress can be passed on to offspring directly during pregnancy or through epigenetic marks in the germ cell. Animal models of parental stress have examined relevant offspring phenotypes and Transgenerational outcomes, and provided unique insight into the germ cell epigenetic changes associated with disruptions in neurodevelopment. Understanding germline susceptibility to exogenous signals during stress exposure and the identification of the types of epigenetic marks is critical for defining mechanisms underlying disease risk.

William G Kelly - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Transgenerational Epigenetics in the germline cycle of Caenorhabditis elegans
    Epigenetics & Chromatin, 2014
    Co-Authors: William G Kelly
    Abstract:

    Epigenetic mechanisms create variably stable changes in gene expression through the establishment of heritable states of chromatin architecture. While many epigenetic phenomena are, by definition, heritably passed through cell division during animal and plant development, evidence suggests that ‘epigenetic states’ may also be inherited across multiple generations. Work in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has uncovered a number of mechanisms that participate in regulating the Transgenerational passage of epigenetic states. These mechanisms include some that establish and maintain heritable epigenetic information in the form of histone modifications, as well as those that filter the epigenetic information that is stably transmitted. The information appears to influence and help guide or regulate gene activity and repression in subsequent generations. Genome surveillance mechanisms guided by small RNAs appear to be involved in identifying and directing heritable repression of genomic elements, and thus may participate in filtering information that is inappropriate for stable transmission. This review will attempt to summarize recent findings that illustrate this simple nematode to be a truly elegant resource for defining emerging biological paradigms. As the cell lineage that links generations, the germline is the carrier of both genetic and epigenetic information. Like genetic information, information in the epigenome can heritably affect gene regulation and phenotype; yet unlike genetic information, the epigenome of the germ lineage is highly modified within each generation. Despite such alterations, some epigenetic information is highly stable across generations, leading to Transgenerationally stable phenotypes that are unlinked to genetic changes. Studies in the nematode C. elegans have uncovered mechanisms that contribute to Transgenerational repression as well as to the expression of genes that rely on histone modifying machinery and/or non-coding RNA-based mechanisms. These studies indicate that epigenetic mechanisms operating within the germ cell cycle of this organism filter and maintain an epigenetic memory that is required for germ cell function and can also influence gene expression in somatic lineages.

Catharine H Rankin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a review of Transgenerational Epigenetics for rnai longevity germline maintenance and olfactory imprinting in caenorhabditis elegans
    The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Catharine H Rankin
    Abstract:

    Inheritance of acquired characteristics without changes in DNA sequence has been called Transgenerational Epigenetics. This review looks at studies that used the model system Caenorhabditis elegans to uncover mechanisms of Transgenerational Epigenetics in studies of RNA interference, studies of longevity, studies of germline continuity and a study on olfactory imprinting. In each case, researchers have uncovered critical roles for small RNAs and for Argonaute proteins. They have revealed several different genetic pathways that mediate RNA silencing of foreign RNA for a few or for many generations, as well as identifying a related pathway responsible for recognized self-generated RNAs. Together, these studies have greatly advanced our understanding of trangenerational Epigenetics.

Frances A Champagne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • chapter 24 Transgenerational Epigenetics
    Handbook of Epigenetics (Second edition)#R##N#The New Molecular and Medical Genetics, 2017
    Co-Authors: James P Curley, Rahia Mashoodh, Frances A Champagne
    Abstract:

    The environment can have a profound effect on development with consequences for adult health and disease. In mammals, the quality of prenatal and postnatal maternal interactions have been demonstrated to exert long-term effects on offspring and there is evidence for the role of epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, posttranslational histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs, in mediating these effects. Epidemiological and laboratory studies also suggest that parental influence may not be restricted to maternal effects; with evidence for an association between paternal experiences and divergent developmental pathways. Moreover, these parental effects may have implications for subsequent generations of offspring, such that there are Transgenerational epigenetic influences. The role of Epigenetics in mediating developmental plasticity both within and across generations provides a novel framework for understanding the inheritance of individual variations in phenotype and the role of the environment in inducing heritable modifications. In this review, we will discuss evidence for maternal and paternal epigenetic influence on development and the pathways through which these influences may lead to Transgenerational effects.

  • chapter 24 Transgenerational Epigenetics
    Handbook of Epigenetics#R##N#The New Molecular and Medical Genetics, 2011
    Co-Authors: James P Curley, Rahia Mashoodh, Frances A Champagne
    Abstract:

    Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the evidence of maternal and paternal epigenetic influence on offspring development, with particular focus on studies indicating an association between parental experiences/ environmental exposures and epigenetic alterations in offspring. The role of epigenetic mechanisms in mediating the long-term effects of environmental experiences is a rapidly expanding field of study, and it has become evident that experiences across the lifespan can induce modifications to the epigenome. Moreover, these epigenetic effects can have implications for neurobiology, physiology, and behavior of an organism leading to divergent developmental outcomes. Thus the molecular mechanisms that regulate gene expression can contribute to the “epigenesis” of phenotype, in which the term “Epigenetics” has its roots. Within the study of mammalian development, the quality of interactions between parents and offspring is a particularly salient aspect of the early environment and there is converging evidence from numerous experimental paradigms for parental influences on the regulation of gene expression and behavior. Though maternal effects have been well established in the literature, there is increasing evidence for paternal regulation of offspring development.

Hisato Kobayashi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • paternal age affects offspring via an epigenetic mechanism involving rest nrsf
    EMBO Reports, 2021
    Co-Authors: Kaichi Yoshizaki, Ryuichi Kimura, Takako Kikkawa, Hisato Kobayashi, Shinya Oki, Lingling Mai, Kohei Koike
    Abstract:

    Advanced paternal age can have deleterious effects on various traits in the next generation. Here, we establish a paternal-aging model in mice to understand the molecular mechanisms of Transgenerational Epigenetics. Whole-genome target DNA methylome analyses of sperm from aged mice reveal more hypo-methylated genomic regions enriched in REST/NRSF binding motifs. Gene set enrichment analyses also reveal the upregulation of REST/NRSF target genes in the forebrain of embryos from aged fathers. Offspring derived from young mice administrated with a DNA de-methylation drug phenocopy the abnormal vocal communication of pups derived from aged fathers. In conclusion, hypo-methylation of sperm DNA can be a key molecular feature modulating neurodevelopmental programs in offspring by causing fluctuations in the expression of REST/NRSF target genes.