The Experts below are selected from a list of 5802 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Alexander Krichevsky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nuclear and plastid genetic engineering of plants comparison of opportunities and challenges
Biotechnology Advances, 2010Co-Authors: Benjamin R Meyers, Adi Zaltsman, Benoit Lacroix, Stanislav V Kozlovsky, Alexander KrichevskyAbstract:Plant genetic engineering is one of the key technologies for crop improvement as well as an emerging approach for producing recombinant proteins in plants. Both plant nuclear and plastid genomes can be genetically modified, yet fundamental functional differences between the eukaryotic genome of the plant cell nucleus and the prokaryotic-like genome of the plastid will have an impact on key characteristics of the resulting Transgenic Organism. So, which genome, nuclear or plastid, to transform for the desired Transgenic phenotype? In this review we compare the advantages and drawbacks of engineering plant nuclear and plastid genomes to generate Transgenic plants with the traits of interest, and evaluate the pros and cons of their use for different biotechnology and basic research applications, ranging from generation of commercial crops with valuable new phenotypes to 'bioreactor' plants for large-scale production of recombinant proteins to research model plants expressing various reporter proteins.
Pamela A Silver - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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controlling the implementation of Transgenic microbes are we ready for what synthetic biology has to offer
Molecular Cell, 2020Co-Authors: Finn Stirling, Pamela A SilverAbstract:Synthetic biology has promised and delivered on an impressive array of applications based on genetically modified microOrganisms. While novel biotechnology undoubtedly offers benefits, like all new technology, precautions should be considered during implementation to reduce the risk of both known and unknown adverse effects. To achieve containment of Transgenic microOrganisms, confidence to a near-scientific certainty that they cannot transfer their Transgenic genes to other Organisms, and that they cannot survive to propagate in unintended environments, is a priority. Here, we present an in-depth summary of biological containment systems for micro-Organisms published to date, including the production of a genetic firewall through genome recoding and physical containment of microbes using auxotrophies, regulation of essential genes, and expression of toxic genes. The level of containment required to consider a Transgenic Organism suitable for deployment is discussed, as well as standards of practice for developing new containment systems.
Benjamin R Meyers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nuclear and plastid genetic engineering of plants comparison of opportunities and challenges
Biotechnology Advances, 2010Co-Authors: Benjamin R Meyers, Adi Zaltsman, Benoit Lacroix, Stanislav V Kozlovsky, Alexander KrichevskyAbstract:Plant genetic engineering is one of the key technologies for crop improvement as well as an emerging approach for producing recombinant proteins in plants. Both plant nuclear and plastid genomes can be genetically modified, yet fundamental functional differences between the eukaryotic genome of the plant cell nucleus and the prokaryotic-like genome of the plastid will have an impact on key characteristics of the resulting Transgenic Organism. So, which genome, nuclear or plastid, to transform for the desired Transgenic phenotype? In this review we compare the advantages and drawbacks of engineering plant nuclear and plastid genomes to generate Transgenic plants with the traits of interest, and evaluate the pros and cons of their use for different biotechnology and basic research applications, ranging from generation of commercial crops with valuable new phenotypes to 'bioreactor' plants for large-scale production of recombinant proteins to research model plants expressing various reporter proteins.
Irina A Polejaeva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a method for determining zygosity of Transgenic zebrafish by taqman real time pcr
Analytical Biochemistry, 2005Co-Authors: Wenli Zhou, Ronald V Abruzzese, Wei Guo, Allan Blake, Scott K Davis, Sara Davis, Irina A PolejaevaAbstract:When producing a genetically modified Organism, intended genes are often integrated into a target genome by random insertions. Subsequently, it is often desirable to know the gene copy number of the Transgenic Organism and the zygosity of its offspring. Because of the random insertions, the estimation can be made only by quantitative measurement of the genes. Even though TaqMan real-time PCR has been used in gene expression analysis, it is routinely used to quantify differences larger than twofold or more than one PCR cycle. In this study, we employed TaqMan quantitative PCR to determine zygosity of Transgenic fluorescent zebrafish in which a homozygote and a hemizygote differ by only twofold. We measured relative quantities of the transgene by taking the threshold cycle (Ct) of both the transgene and an internal control zebrafish genomic DNA. Using scatterplots and statistical inference, we demonstrated that homozygotes and hemizygotes could be differentiated unambiguously when multiple measurements were taken. We discuss the relationship between the repetitive measurements and TaqMan precision with a statistical model. The result illustrates that the method can be extended to some areas that require even higher precision such as determining the polyploidy of an Organism.
Zhiyuan Gong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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generation of two color Transgenic zebrafish using the green and red fluorescent protein reporter genes gfp and rfp
Marine Biotechnology, 2002Co-Authors: Haiyan Wan, Tie Yan, T J Lam, Zhiyuan GongAbstract:Two tissue-specific promoters were used to express both green fluorescent protein (GFP) and red fluorescent protein (RFP) in Transgenic zebrafish embryos. One promoter (CK), derived from a cytokeratin gene, is active specifically in skin epithelia in embryos, and the other promoter (MLC) from a muscle-specific gene encodes a myosin light chain 2 polypeptide. When the 2 promoters drove the 2 reporter genes to express in the same embryos, both genes were faithfully expressed in the respective tissues, skin or muscle. When the 2 fluorescent proteins were expressed in the same skin or muscle cells under the same promoter, GFP fluorescence appeared earlier than RFP fluorescence in both skin and muscle tissues, probably owing to a higher detection sensitivity of GFP. However, RFP appeared to be more stable as its fluorescence steadily increased during development. Finally, F1 Transgenic offspring were obtained expressing GFP in skin cells under the CK promoter and RFP in muscle cells under the MLC promoter. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of monitoring expression of multiple genes in different tissues in the same Transgenic Organism.