The Experts below are selected from a list of 91086 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Paul Timms - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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urban Transport Policy transfer bottom up and top down perspectives
Transport Policy, 2011Co-Authors: Paul TimmsAbstract:The paper provides insights into the urban Transport Policy transfer process, focusing particularly on the transfer of the Transport Policy within the EU. The themes of the paper are structured according to five of the "Dolowitz and Marsh questions": what is transferred?; why do actors engage in Policy transfer?; who are the key actors involved in the Policy transfer process?; from where are the lessons drawn?; and what restricts or facilitates the Policy transfer process? The methodological approach taken for considering each question involves two steps. Firstly, a "bottom-up" step considers the views of Policy transfer from a "city perspective", for which use is made of results from interviews recently carried out within the EU project "Transport Research Knowledge Centre" (TRKC). These interviews were intended to ascertain the information needs of seven "representatives" of European cities, all of whom were involved in the Cities Reference Group of the EU project "Citymobil". These seven cities have widely varying characteristics in terms of size and geographical location (across Europe). By discussing information needs, the interviewees provided many insights into the Transport Policy transfer process. Secondly, a "top-down" step considers the Policy transfer questions from an "EU perspective'; use here is made of various Transport Policy documents published by the European Commission (EC). For each of the five questions, "bottom-up" and "top-down" perspectives are examined and compared. The final section of the paper draws conclusions, providing a number of recommendations to both city authorities and the EU on how urban Transport Policy transfer might be enhanced in the future.
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Urban Transport Policy transfer: “bottom-up” and “top-down” perspectives
Transport Policy, 2011Co-Authors: Paul TimmsAbstract:The paper provides insights into the urban Transport Policy transfer process, focusing particularly on the transfer of the Transport Policy within the EU. The themes of the paper are structured according to five of the "Dolowitz and Marsh questions": what is transferred?; why do actors engage in Policy transfer?; who are the key actors involved in the Policy transfer process?; from where are the lessons drawn?; and what restricts or facilitates the Policy transfer process? The methodological approach taken for considering each question involves two steps. Firstly, a "bottom-up" step considers the views of Policy transfer from a "city perspective", for which use is made of results from interviews recently carried out within the EU project "Transport Research Knowledge Centre" (TRKC). These interviews were intended to ascertain the information needs of seven "representatives" of European cities, all of whom were involved in the Cities Reference Group of the EU project "Citymobil". These seven cities have widely varying characteristics in terms of size and geographical location (across Europe). By discussing information needs, the interviewees provided many insights into the Transport Policy transfer process. Secondly, a "top-down" step considers the Policy transfer questions from an "EU perspective'; use here is made of various Transport Policy documents published by the European Commission (EC). For each of the five questions, "bottom-up" and "top-down" perspectives are examined and compared. The final section of the paper draws conclusions, providing a number of recommendations to both city authorities and the EU on how urban Transport Policy transfer might be enhanced in the future.
Tommy Gärling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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soft Transport Policy measures gaps in knowledge
International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 2011Co-Authors: Jochen Richter, Margareta Friman, Tommy GärlingAbstract:A review of implementations of soft Transport Policy measures (Richter et al. 2010) demonstrates their effectiveness in motivating car users to voluntarily switch travel mode. This paper review research that addresses questions of when and why these measures are effective. Long-term effects, synergies between soft and hard Policy measures, assessments of individual differences, differences in determinants of participation and of changes in travel, generalizability, and nonquantified benefits are gaps in knowledge. Knowledge is also lacking about the cost-effectiveness of techniques such as providing motivational support to set change goals, requesting plans for how to change, and providing customized information.
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behaviour theory and soft Transport Policy measures
Transport Policy, 2011Co-Authors: Sebastian Bamberg, Margareta Friman, Satoshi Fujii, Tommy GärlingAbstract:The aim is to propose a theoretical grounding of soft Transport Policy measures that aim at promoting voluntary reduction of car use. A general conceptual framework is first presented to clarify how hard and soft Transport Policy measures impact on car-use reduction. Two different behavioural theories that have been used to account for car use and car-use reduction are then integrated in a self-regulation theory that identifies four stages of the process of voluntarily changing car use: setting a car-use reduction goal, forming a plan for achieving the goal, initiating and executing the plan, and evaluating the outcome of the plan execution. A number of techniques are described that facilitate the different stages of the process of voluntary car-use reduction and which should be used in personalized travel planning programs.
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Soft Transport Policy measures 1 : Results of implementations
2009Co-Authors: Jochen Richter, Margareta Friman, Tommy GärlingAbstract:To abate problems resulting from increased car use, hard Transport Policy measures have been introduced. Such measures often meet public disapproval, are politically infeasible, and may alone be insufficient. As a consequence, alternative soft Transport Policy measures have been proposed. These measures are designed to motivate individuals to voluntarily reduce car use. This paper reviews implementations of soft Transport Policy measures in Japan, Australia, UK, and several other countries. The review underscores the effectiveness of soft Transport Policy measures in general and points to a variety of positive outcomes. Yet, the variety in the results makes it hard to infer why the measures are effective. Several gaps of knowledge are also identified. A companion paper will discuss these and identify research needs.
Jochen Richter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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soft Transport Policy measures gaps in knowledge
International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 2011Co-Authors: Jochen Richter, Margareta Friman, Tommy GärlingAbstract:A review of implementations of soft Transport Policy measures (Richter et al. 2010) demonstrates their effectiveness in motivating car users to voluntarily switch travel mode. This paper review research that addresses questions of when and why these measures are effective. Long-term effects, synergies between soft and hard Policy measures, assessments of individual differences, differences in determinants of participation and of changes in travel, generalizability, and nonquantified benefits are gaps in knowledge. Knowledge is also lacking about the cost-effectiveness of techniques such as providing motivational support to set change goals, requesting plans for how to change, and providing customized information.
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Soft Transport Policy measures 1 : Results of implementations
2009Co-Authors: Jochen Richter, Margareta Friman, Tommy GärlingAbstract:To abate problems resulting from increased car use, hard Transport Policy measures have been introduced. Such measures often meet public disapproval, are politically infeasible, and may alone be insufficient. As a consequence, alternative soft Transport Policy measures have been proposed. These measures are designed to motivate individuals to voluntarily reduce car use. This paper reviews implementations of soft Transport Policy measures in Japan, Australia, UK, and several other countries. The review underscores the effectiveness of soft Transport Policy measures in general and points to a variety of positive outcomes. Yet, the variety in the results makes it hard to infer why the measures are effective. Several gaps of knowledge are also identified. A companion paper will discuss these and identify research needs.
Margareta Friman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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soft Transport Policy measures gaps in knowledge
International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 2011Co-Authors: Jochen Richter, Margareta Friman, Tommy GärlingAbstract:A review of implementations of soft Transport Policy measures (Richter et al. 2010) demonstrates their effectiveness in motivating car users to voluntarily switch travel mode. This paper review research that addresses questions of when and why these measures are effective. Long-term effects, synergies between soft and hard Policy measures, assessments of individual differences, differences in determinants of participation and of changes in travel, generalizability, and nonquantified benefits are gaps in knowledge. Knowledge is also lacking about the cost-effectiveness of techniques such as providing motivational support to set change goals, requesting plans for how to change, and providing customized information.
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behaviour theory and soft Transport Policy measures
Transport Policy, 2011Co-Authors: Sebastian Bamberg, Margareta Friman, Satoshi Fujii, Tommy GärlingAbstract:The aim is to propose a theoretical grounding of soft Transport Policy measures that aim at promoting voluntary reduction of car use. A general conceptual framework is first presented to clarify how hard and soft Transport Policy measures impact on car-use reduction. Two different behavioural theories that have been used to account for car use and car-use reduction are then integrated in a self-regulation theory that identifies four stages of the process of voluntarily changing car use: setting a car-use reduction goal, forming a plan for achieving the goal, initiating and executing the plan, and evaluating the outcome of the plan execution. A number of techniques are described that facilitate the different stages of the process of voluntary car-use reduction and which should be used in personalized travel planning programs.
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Soft Transport Policy measures 1 : Results of implementations
2009Co-Authors: Jochen Richter, Margareta Friman, Tommy GärlingAbstract:To abate problems resulting from increased car use, hard Transport Policy measures have been introduced. Such measures often meet public disapproval, are politically infeasible, and may alone be insufficient. As a consequence, alternative soft Transport Policy measures have been proposed. These measures are designed to motivate individuals to voluntarily reduce car use. This paper reviews implementations of soft Transport Policy measures in Japan, Australia, UK, and several other countries. The review underscores the effectiveness of soft Transport Policy measures in general and points to a variety of positive outcomes. Yet, the variety in the results makes it hard to infer why the measures are effective. Several gaps of knowledge are also identified. A companion paper will discuss these and identify research needs.
Erik Hysing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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greening Transport explaining urban Transport Policy change
Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 2009Co-Authors: Erik HysingAbstract:Transport Policy has proven highly resistant to change despite growing environmental problems. However, in the Swedish city of Orebro, objectives and Policy measures in support of ecological sustai ...
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Greening Transport—Explaining Urban Transport Policy Change
Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 2009Co-Authors: Erik HysingAbstract:Transport Policy has proven highly resistant to change despite growing environmental problems. However, in the Swedish city of Orebro, objectives and Policy measures in support of ecological sustai ...
