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Carolina Belver - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nanoscale zero valent iron mesoporous hydrated silica core shell particles with enhanced dispersibility Transportability and degradation of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018Co-Authors: Shuai Chen, Jorge Bedia, Lu Yao Ren, Fauzia Naluswata, Carolina BelverAbstract:Abstract Nanoscale zero-valent iron@mesoporous hydrated silica core-shell particles (NZVI@mHS CSP) with improved dispersibility, Transportability and dechlorination strength were successfully synthesized and tested for the removal of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons from groundwater. The structural, electronic and textural features of the NZVI@mHS CSP were characterized by different techniques. The NZVI@mHS CSP depicted a specific surface area of 71 m2·g−1, significantly higher, compare to NZVI (12 m2·g−1), with a mesoporous network due to the formation of a hydrated silica shell surrounding the NZVI particle. NZVI@mHS CSP showed an enhanced Transportability in sand column compared with NZVI, related to the suspension stability, small aggregated particle size (
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Nanoscale zero-valent iron@mesoporous hydrated silica core-shell particles with enhanced dispersibility, Transportability and degradation of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018Co-Authors: Shuai Chen, Jorge Bedia, Lu Yao Ren, Fauzia Naluswata, Carolina BelverAbstract:Abstract Nanoscale zero-valent iron@mesoporous hydrated silica core-shell particles (NZVI@mHS CSP) with improved dispersibility, Transportability and dechlorination strength were successfully synthesized and tested for the removal of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons from groundwater. The structural, electronic and textural features of the NZVI@mHS CSP were characterized by different techniques. The NZVI@mHS CSP depicted a specific surface area of 71 m2·g−1, significantly higher, compare to NZVI (12 m2·g−1), with a mesoporous network due to the formation of a hydrated silica shell surrounding the NZVI particle. NZVI@mHS CSP showed an enhanced Transportability in sand column compared with NZVI, related to the suspension stability, small aggregated particle size (
Judea Pearl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Transportability from multiple environments with limited experiments completeness results
Neural Information Processing Systems, 2014Co-Authors: Elias Bareinboim, Judea PearlAbstract:This paper addresses the problem of mz-Transportability, that is, transferring causal knowledge collected in several heterogeneous domains to a target domain in which only passive observations and limited experimental data can be collected. The paper first establishes a necessary and sufficient condition for deciding the feasibility of mz-Transportability, i.e., whether causal effects in the target domain are estimable from the information available. It further proves that a previously established algorithm for computing transport formula is in fact complete, that is, failure of the algorithm implies non-existence of a transport formula. Finally, the paper shows that the do-calculus is complete for the mz-Transportability class.
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external validity from do calculus to Transportability across populations
Statistical Science, 2014Co-Authors: Judea Pearl, Elias BareinboimAbstract:The generalizability of empirical findings to new environments, settings or populations, often called �external validity,� is essential in most scientific explorations. This paper treats a particular problem of generalizability, called �Transportability,� defined as a license to transfer causal effects learned in experimental studies to a new population, in which only observational studies can be conducted. We introduce a formal representation called �selection diagrams� for expressing knowledge about differences and commonalities between populations of interest and, using this representation, we reduce questions of Transportability to symbolic derivations in the docalculus. This reduction yields graph-based procedures for deciding, prior to observing any data, whether causal effects in the target population can be inferred from experimental findings in the study population. When the answer is affirmative, the procedures identify what experimental and observational findings need be obtained from the two populations, and how they can be combined to ensure bias-free transport.
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Transportability from multiple environments with limited experiments
Neural Information Processing Systems, 2013Co-Authors: Elias Bareinboim, Sanghack Lee, Vasant Honavar, Judea PearlAbstract:This paper considers the problem of transferring experimental findings learned from multiple heterogeneous domains to a target domain, in which only limited experiments can be performed. We reduce questions of Transportability from multiple domains and with limited scope to symbolic derivations in the causal calculus, thus extending the original setting of Transportability introduced in [1], which assumes only one domain with full experimental information available. We further provide different graphical and algorithmic conditions for computing the transport formula in this setting, that is, a way of fusing the observational and experimental information scattered throughout different domains to synthesize a consistent estimate of the desired effects in the target domain. We also consider the issue of minimizing the variance of the produced estimand in order to increase power.
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meta Transportability of causal effects a formal approach
International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, 2013Co-Authors: Elias Bareinboim, Judea PearlAbstract:This paper considers the problem of transferring experimental ndings learned from multiple heterogeneous domains to a dierent environment, in which only passive observations can be collected. Pearl and Bareinboim (2011) established a complete characterization for such transfer between two domains, a source and a target, and this paper generalizes their results to multiple heterogeneous domains. It establishes a necessary and sufcient condition for deciding when eects in the target domain are estimable from both statistical and causal information transferred from the experiments in the source domains. The paper further provides a complete algorithm for computing the transport formula, that is, a way of fusing observational and experimental information to synthesize an unbiased estimate of the desired eects.
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causal Transportability with limited experiments
National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2013Co-Authors: Elias Bareinboim, Judea PearlAbstract:We address the problem of transferring causal knowledge learned in one environment to another, potentially different environment, when only limited experiments may be conducted at the source. This generalizes the treatment of Transportability introduced in [Pearl and Bareinboim, 2011; Bareinboim and Pearl, 2012b], which deals with transferring causal information when any experiment can be conducted at the source. Given that it is not always feasible to conduct certain controlled experiments, we consider the decision problem whether experiments on a selected subset Z of variables together with qualitative assumptions encoded in a diagram may render causal effects in the target environment computable from the available data. This problem, which we call z-Transportability, reduces to ordinary Transportability when Z is all-inclusive, and, like the latter, can be given syntactic characterization using the do-calculus [Pearl, 1995; 2000]. This paper establishes a necessary and sufficient condition for causal effects in the target domain to be estimable from both the non-experimental information available and the limited experimental information transferred from the source. We further provides a complete algorithm for computing the transport formula, that is, a way of fusing experimental and observational information to synthesize an unbiased estimate of the desired causal relation.
Shuai Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nanoscale zero valent iron mesoporous hydrated silica core shell particles with enhanced dispersibility Transportability and degradation of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018Co-Authors: Shuai Chen, Jorge Bedia, Lu Yao Ren, Fauzia Naluswata, Carolina BelverAbstract:Abstract Nanoscale zero-valent iron@mesoporous hydrated silica core-shell particles (NZVI@mHS CSP) with improved dispersibility, Transportability and dechlorination strength were successfully synthesized and tested for the removal of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons from groundwater. The structural, electronic and textural features of the NZVI@mHS CSP were characterized by different techniques. The NZVI@mHS CSP depicted a specific surface area of 71 m2·g−1, significantly higher, compare to NZVI (12 m2·g−1), with a mesoporous network due to the formation of a hydrated silica shell surrounding the NZVI particle. NZVI@mHS CSP showed an enhanced Transportability in sand column compared with NZVI, related to the suspension stability, small aggregated particle size (
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Nanoscale zero-valent iron@mesoporous hydrated silica core-shell particles with enhanced dispersibility, Transportability and degradation of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018Co-Authors: Shuai Chen, Jorge Bedia, Lu Yao Ren, Fauzia Naluswata, Carolina BelverAbstract:Abstract Nanoscale zero-valent iron@mesoporous hydrated silica core-shell particles (NZVI@mHS CSP) with improved dispersibility, Transportability and dechlorination strength were successfully synthesized and tested for the removal of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons from groundwater. The structural, electronic and textural features of the NZVI@mHS CSP were characterized by different techniques. The NZVI@mHS CSP depicted a specific surface area of 71 m2·g−1, significantly higher, compare to NZVI (12 m2·g−1), with a mesoporous network due to the formation of a hydrated silica shell surrounding the NZVI particle. NZVI@mHS CSP showed an enhanced Transportability in sand column compared with NZVI, related to the suspension stability, small aggregated particle size (
Lu Yao Ren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Yolk-shell Fe/FeS@SiO2 particles with enhanced dispersibility, Transportability and degradation of TBBPA
Catalysis Today, 2019Co-Authors: Lu Yao Ren, Chen Shuai, Yongdi Liu, Li‐yang Zhou, Su GuoAbstract:Abstract In this study, Fe/FeS@SiO2 yolk-shell particles (Fe/FeS@SiO2 YSPs) were synthesized, characterized, and applied to tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) removal in simulated groundwater. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Brunauer Emmett Teller results revealed that Fe/FeS@SiO2 YSPs possess special structures, including active cores, mesoporous networks, shells, hollow cavities and a large surface area (85 m2/g vs. 8 m2/g) compared to Fe/FeS. The mobility of the synthesized particles in porous media was simulated with sand column experiments. Fe/FeS@SiO2 YSPs showed a much better Transportability (83.02% of particles successfully transported through the column) than Fe/FeS particles (only 1.68%), related to the better suspension stability and much lower particle surface charge (−22.7 mV vs. −7.6 mV) at neutral pH. Improved TBBPA reduction performance in synthetic solution was observed for Fe/FeS@SiO2 YSPs over bare Fe/FeS. The transformation pathway of TBBPA was studied in detail, revealing the formation of tri-BBPA, di-BBPA, mono-BBPA and BPA as the main products. In brief, thanks to the hollow mesoporous silica spheres (HMSS) coated on the surface of Fe/FeS particles, Fe/FeS@SiO2 YSPs showed an enhanced dispersibility, Transportability and degradation of TBBPA in simulated groundwater. The results in this study proved that Fe/FeS@SiO2 YSPs are a promising material for in situ remediation of TBBPA in soil and groundwater.
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nanoscale zero valent iron mesoporous hydrated silica core shell particles with enhanced dispersibility Transportability and degradation of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018Co-Authors: Shuai Chen, Jorge Bedia, Lu Yao Ren, Fauzia Naluswata, Carolina BelverAbstract:Abstract Nanoscale zero-valent iron@mesoporous hydrated silica core-shell particles (NZVI@mHS CSP) with improved dispersibility, Transportability and dechlorination strength were successfully synthesized and tested for the removal of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons from groundwater. The structural, electronic and textural features of the NZVI@mHS CSP were characterized by different techniques. The NZVI@mHS CSP depicted a specific surface area of 71 m2·g−1, significantly higher, compare to NZVI (12 m2·g−1), with a mesoporous network due to the formation of a hydrated silica shell surrounding the NZVI particle. NZVI@mHS CSP showed an enhanced Transportability in sand column compared with NZVI, related to the suspension stability, small aggregated particle size (
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Nanoscale zero-valent iron@mesoporous hydrated silica core-shell particles with enhanced dispersibility, Transportability and degradation of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018Co-Authors: Shuai Chen, Jorge Bedia, Lu Yao Ren, Fauzia Naluswata, Carolina BelverAbstract:Abstract Nanoscale zero-valent iron@mesoporous hydrated silica core-shell particles (NZVI@mHS CSP) with improved dispersibility, Transportability and dechlorination strength were successfully synthesized and tested for the removal of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons from groundwater. The structural, electronic and textural features of the NZVI@mHS CSP were characterized by different techniques. The NZVI@mHS CSP depicted a specific surface area of 71 m2·g−1, significantly higher, compare to NZVI (12 m2·g−1), with a mesoporous network due to the formation of a hydrated silica shell surrounding the NZVI particle. NZVI@mHS CSP showed an enhanced Transportability in sand column compared with NZVI, related to the suspension stability, small aggregated particle size (
Vasant Honavar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Transportability from multiple environments with limited experiments
Neural Information Processing Systems, 2013Co-Authors: Elias Bareinboim, Sanghack Lee, Vasant Honavar, Judea PearlAbstract:This paper considers the problem of transferring experimental findings learned from multiple heterogeneous domains to a target domain, in which only limited experiments can be performed. We reduce questions of Transportability from multiple domains and with limited scope to symbolic derivations in the causal calculus, thus extending the original setting of Transportability introduced in [1], which assumes only one domain with full experimental information available. We further provide different graphical and algorithmic conditions for computing the transport formula in this setting, that is, a way of fusing the observational and experimental information scattered throughout different domains to synthesize a consistent estimate of the desired effects in the target domain. We also consider the issue of minimizing the variance of the produced estimand in order to increase power.
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causal Transportability of experiments on controllable subsets of variables z Transportability
arXiv: Artificial Intelligence, 2013Co-Authors: Sanghack Lee, Vasant HonavarAbstract:We introduce z-Transportability, the problem of estimating the causal effect of a set of variables X on another set of variables Y in a target domain from experiments on any subset of controllable variables Z where Z is an arbitrary subset of observable variables V in a source domain. z-Transportability generalizes z-identifiability, the problem of estimating in a given domain the causal effect of X on Y from surrogate experiments on a set of variables Z such that Z is disjoint from X;. z-Transportability also generalizes Transportability which requires that the causal effect of X on Y in the target domain be estimable from experiments on any subset of all observable variables in the source domain. We first generalize z-identifiability to allow cases where Z is not necessarily disjoint from X. Then, we establish a necessary and sufficient condition for z-Transportability in terms of generalized z-identifiability and Transportability. We provide a correct and complete algorithm that determines whether a causal effect is z-transportable; and if it is, produces a transport formula, that is, a recipe for estimating the causal effect of X on Y in the target domain using information elicited from the results of experimental manipulations of Z in the source domain and observational data from the target domain. Our results also show that do-calculus is complete for z-Transportability.
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causal Transportability of experiments on controllable subsets of variables z Transportability
Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, 2013Co-Authors: Sanghack Lee, Vasant HonavarAbstract:We introduce z-Transportability, the problem of estimating the causal effect of a set of variables X on another set of variables Y in a target domain from experiments on any subset of controllable variables Z where Z is an arbitrary subset of observable variables V in a source domain. Z-Transportability generalizes z-identifiability, the problem of estimating in a given domain the causal effect of X on Y from surrogate experiments on a set of variables Z such that Z is disjoint from X. z-Transportability also generalizes Transportability which requires that the causal effect of X on Y in the target domain be estimable from experiments on any subset of all observable variables in the source domain. We first generalize z-identifiability to allow cases where Z is not necessarily disjoint from X. Then, we establish a necessary and sufficient condition for z-Transportability in terms of generalized z-identifiability and Transportability. We provide a sound and complete algorithm that determines whether a causal effect is z-transportable; and if it is, produces a transport formula, that is, a recipe for estimating the causal effect of X on Y in the target domain using information elicited from the results of experimental manipulations of Z in the source domain and observational data from the target domain. Our results also show that do -calculus is complete for z-Transportability.
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m Transportability Transportability of a causal effect from multiple environments
National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2013Co-Authors: Sanghack Lee, Vasant HonavarAbstract:We study m-Transportability, a generalization of Transportability, which offers a license to use causal information elicited from experiments and observations in m ≥ 1 source environments to estimate a causal effect in a given target environment. We provide a novel characterization of m- Transportability that directly exploits the completeness of do-calculus to obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for m-Transportability. We provide an algorithm for deciding m- Transportability that determines whether a causal relation is m-transportable; and if it is, produces a transport formula, that is, a recipe for estimating the desired causal effect by combining experimental information from m source environments with observational information from the target environment.
