The Experts below are selected from a list of 318 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Michel Anteby - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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task segregation as a mechanism for within job inequality women and men of the Transportation Security administration
Administrative Science Quarterly, 2016Co-Authors: Curtis K. Chan, Michel AntebyAbstract:In this article, we examine a case of task segregation—when a group of workers is disproportionately allocated, relative to other groups, to spend more time on specific tasks in a given job—and arg...
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task segregation as a mechanism for within job inequality women and men of the Transportation Security administration
Administrative Science Quarterly, 2016Co-Authors: Curtis K. Chan, Michel AntebyAbstract:In this article, we examine a case of task segregation—when a group of workers is disproportionately allocated, relative to other groups, to spend more time on specific tasks in a given job—and argue that such segregation is a potential mechanism for generating within-job inequality in the quality of a job. When performing those tasks is undesirable, this allocation has unfavorable implications for that group’s experienced job quality. We articulate the processes by which task segregation can lead to workplace inequality in job quality through an inductive, interview-based case study of airport Security-screening workers in a unit of the U.S. Transportation Security Administration (TSA) at a large urban airport. Female workers were disproportionately allocated to the pat-down task, the manual screening of travelers for prohibited items. Our findings suggest that this segregation led to overall poorer job quality outcomes for women. Task segregation overexposed female workers to processes of physical exert...
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Task Segregation as a Mechanism for Within-job Inequality: Women and Men of the Transportation Security Administration
Administrative Science Quarterly, 2015Co-Authors: Curtis K. Chan, Michel AntebyAbstract:In this article, we examine a case of task segregation—when a group of workers is disproportionately allocated, relative to other groups, to spend more time on specific tasks in a given job—and argue that such segregation is a potential mechanism for generating within-job inequality in the quality of a job. When performing those tasks is undesirable, this allocation has unfavorable implications for that group’s experienced job quality. We articulate the processes by which task segregation can lead to workplace inequality in job quality through an inductive, interview-based case study of airport Security-screening workers in a unit of the U.S. Transportation Security Administration (TSA) at a large urban airport. Female workers were disproportionately allocated to the pat-down task, the manual screening of travelers for prohibited items. Our findings suggest that this segregation led to overall poorer job quality outcomes for women. Task segregation overexposed female workers to processes of physical exertion, emotional labor, and relational strain, giving rise to work intensity, emotional exhaustion, and lack of coping resources. Task segregation also seemed to disproportionately expose female workers to managerial sanctions for taking recuperative time off and a narrowing of their skill set that may have contributed to worse promotion chances, pay, satisfaction, and turnover rates for women. We conclude with a theoretical model of how task segregation can act as a mechanism for generating within-job inequality in job quality.
Curtis K. Chan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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task segregation as a mechanism for within job inequality women and men of the Transportation Security administration
Administrative Science Quarterly, 2016Co-Authors: Curtis K. Chan, Michel AntebyAbstract:In this article, we examine a case of task segregation—when a group of workers is disproportionately allocated, relative to other groups, to spend more time on specific tasks in a given job—and arg...
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task segregation as a mechanism for within job inequality women and men of the Transportation Security administration
Administrative Science Quarterly, 2016Co-Authors: Curtis K. Chan, Michel AntebyAbstract:In this article, we examine a case of task segregation—when a group of workers is disproportionately allocated, relative to other groups, to spend more time on specific tasks in a given job—and argue that such segregation is a potential mechanism for generating within-job inequality in the quality of a job. When performing those tasks is undesirable, this allocation has unfavorable implications for that group’s experienced job quality. We articulate the processes by which task segregation can lead to workplace inequality in job quality through an inductive, interview-based case study of airport Security-screening workers in a unit of the U.S. Transportation Security Administration (TSA) at a large urban airport. Female workers were disproportionately allocated to the pat-down task, the manual screening of travelers for prohibited items. Our findings suggest that this segregation led to overall poorer job quality outcomes for women. Task segregation overexposed female workers to processes of physical exert...
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Task Segregation as a Mechanism for Within-job Inequality: Women and Men of the Transportation Security Administration
Administrative Science Quarterly, 2015Co-Authors: Curtis K. Chan, Michel AntebyAbstract:In this article, we examine a case of task segregation—when a group of workers is disproportionately allocated, relative to other groups, to spend more time on specific tasks in a given job—and argue that such segregation is a potential mechanism for generating within-job inequality in the quality of a job. When performing those tasks is undesirable, this allocation has unfavorable implications for that group’s experienced job quality. We articulate the processes by which task segregation can lead to workplace inequality in job quality through an inductive, interview-based case study of airport Security-screening workers in a unit of the U.S. Transportation Security Administration (TSA) at a large urban airport. Female workers were disproportionately allocated to the pat-down task, the manual screening of travelers for prohibited items. Our findings suggest that this segregation led to overall poorer job quality outcomes for women. Task segregation overexposed female workers to processes of physical exertion, emotional labor, and relational strain, giving rise to work intensity, emotional exhaustion, and lack of coping resources. Task segregation also seemed to disproportionately expose female workers to managerial sanctions for taking recuperative time off and a narrowing of their skill set that may have contributed to worse promotion chances, pay, satisfaction, and turnover rates for women. We conclude with a theoretical model of how task segregation can act as a mechanism for generating within-job inequality in job quality.
Ali E Abbas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a value measure for public sector enterprise risk management a tsa case study
Risk Analysis, 2018Co-Authors: Kenneth C Fletcher, Ali E AbbasAbstract:This article presents a public value measure that can be used to aid executives in the public sector to better assess policy decisions and maximize value to the American people. Using Transportation Security Administration (TSA) programs as an example, we first identify the basic components of public value. We then propose a public value account to quantify the outcomes of various risk scenarios, and we determine the certain equivalent of several important TSA programs. We illustrate how this proposed measure can quantify the effects of two main challenges that government organizations face when conducting enterprise risk management: (1) short†term versus long†term incentives and (2) avoiding potential negative consequences even if they occur with low probability. Finally, we illustrate how this measure enables the use of various tools from decision analysis to be applied in government settings, such as stochastic dominance arguments and certain equivalent calculations. Regarding the TSA case study, our analysis demonstrates the value of continued expansion of the TSA trusted traveler initiative and increasing the background vetting for passengers who are afforded expedited Security screening.
Hsinchun Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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topological analysis of criminal activity networks enhancing Transportation Security
IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2009Co-Authors: Siddharth Kaza, Byron Marshall, Hsinchun ChenAbstract:The Security of border and Transportation systems is a critical component of the national strategy for homeland Security. The Security concerns at the border are not independent of law enforcement in border-area jurisdictions because the information known by local law enforcement agencies may provide valuable leads that are useful for securing the border and Transportation infrastructure. The combined analysis of law enforcement information and data generated by vehicle license plate readers at international borders can be used to identify suspicious vehicles and people at ports of entry. This not only generates better quality leads for border protection agents but may also serve to reduce wait times for commerce, vehicles, and people as they cross the border. This paper explores the use of criminal activity networks (CANs) to analyze information from law enforcement and other sources to provide value for Transportation and border Security. We analyze the topological characteristics of CAN of individuals and vehicles in a multiple jurisdiction scenario. The advantages of exploring the relationships of individuals and vehicles are shown. We find that large narcotic networks are small world with short average path lengths ranging from 4.5 to 8.5 and have scale-free degree distributions with power law exponents of 0.85-1.3. In addition, we find that utilizing information from multiple jurisdictions provides higher quality leads by reducing the average shortest-path lengths. The inclusion of vehicular relationships and border-crossing information generates more investigative leads that can aid in securing the border and Transportation infrastructure.
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Cross-jurisdictional criminal activity networks to support border and Transportation Security
Proceedings. The 7th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8749), 1Co-Authors: Byron Marshall, Siddharth Kaza, Homa Atabakhsh, Tim Petersen, Chuck Violette, Hsinchun ChenAbstract:Border and Transportation Security is a critical part of the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) national strategy. DHS strategy calls for the creation of "smart borders" where information from local, state, federal, and international sources can be combined to support risk-based management tools for border-management agencies. This paper proposes a framework for effectively integrating such data to create cross-jurisdictional criminal activity networks (CAN)s. Using the approach outlined in the framework, we created a CAN system as part of the DHS-funded BorderSafe project. This paper describes the system, reports on feedback received from investigating officers, and highlights key issues and challenges.
Sheldon H Jacobson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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when should tsa precheck be offered at no cost to travelers
Journal of Transportation Security, 2017Co-Authors: Sheldon H Jacobson, Arash KhatibiAbstract:TSA PreCheck is the primary vehicle used by the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) to promulgate its risk-based Security strategy. To enroll in PreCheck requires travelers to pay a fee of $85 (or more, through programs like Global Entry or Nexus), which may provide an obstacle for some travelers. The TSA has promoted TSA PreCheck since it makes the air system more secure, provides faster Security screening throughput for all travelers, and reduces TSA screening costs (both in manpower and equipment). This third point has led critics of the program to suggest that PreCheck should be offered at no cost to travelers. This paper explores this suggestion and suggests that for certain high volume travelers, offering them TSA PreCheck at no cost is economically attractive to the TSA. The additional benefits of a more secure air system and faster Security screening throughput makes the no-cost option a viable strategy for ramping up the number of high volume travelers enrolled in TSA PreCheck.
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Protecting air Transportation: a survey of operations research applications to aviation Security
Journal of Transportation Security, 2008Co-Authors: Adrian J. Lee, Alexander G. Nikolaev, Sheldon H JacobsonAbstract:Catastrophic events often illustrate a nation’s preparedness in anticipating and preventing the extreme consequences of an intentional malicious attack. When terrorists hijacked four commercial aircraft for use as guided missiles against the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, the world’s population became aware of the human potential to inflict destruction and harm, and the vulnerability of Transportation systems against preventing the occurrence of similar disasters. Through research, simulation, and system analysis, procedures may be formulated that limit or eradicate the possibility of future occurrences. Operations research encompasses the optimal allocation of resources subject to constraints, as well as providing techniques that evaluate the performance of Security policies. This article provides a survey of operations research activities directed toward analyzing and enhancing the aviation Security system, with the intent to be informative and motivate the continual improvement of our nation’s Transportation Security.
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a cost benefit analysis of alternative device configurations for aviation checked baggage Security screening
Risk Analysis, 2006Co-Authors: Sheldon H Jacobson, Tamana Karnani, John E. Kobza, Lynsey RitchieAbstract:The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 have resulted in dramatic changes in aviation Security. As of early 2003, an estimated 1,100 explosive detection systems (EDS) and 6,000 explosive trace detection machines (ETD) have been deployed to ensure 100% checked baggage screening at all commercial airports throughout the United States. The prohibitive costs associated with deploying and operating such devices is a serious issue for the Transportation Security Administration. This article evaluates the cost effectiveness of the explosive detection technologies currently deployed to screen checked baggage as well as new technologies that could be used in the future. Both single-device and two-device systems are considered. In particular, the expected annual direct cost of using these devices for 100% checked baggage screening under various scenarios is obtained and the tradeoffs between using single- and two-device strategies are studied. The expected number of successful threats under the different checked baggage screening scenarios with 100% checked baggage screening is also obtained. Lastly, a risk-based screening strategy proposed in the literature is analyzed. The results reported suggest that for the existing Security setup, with current device costs and probability parameters, single-device systems are less costly and have fewer expected number of successful threats than two-device systems due to the way the second device affects the alarm or clear decision. The risk-based approach is found to have the potential to significantly improve Security. The cost model introduced provides an effective tool for the execution of cost-benefit analyses of alternative device configurations for aviation-checked baggage Security screening.
