The Experts below are selected from a list of 22437 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
David J. Wineland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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versatile laser free Trapped Ion entangling gates
New Journal of Physics, 2019Co-Authors: R T Sutherland, D Leibfried, David J. Wineland, A C Wilson, Raghavendra Srinivas, S C BurdAbstract:We present a general theory for laser-free entangling gates with Trapped-Ion hyperfine qubits, using either static or oscillating magnetic-field gradients combined with a pair of uniform microwave fields symmetrically detuned about the qubit frequency. By transforming into a 'bichromatic' interactIon picture, we show that either σ^ϕ⊗σ^ϕ or σ^z⊗σ^z geometric phase gates can be performed. The gate basis is determined by selecting the microwave detuning. The driving parameters can be tuned to provide intrinsic dynamical decoupling from qubit frequency fluctuatIons. The σ^z⊗σ^z gates can be implemented in a novel manner which eases experimental constraints. We present numerical simulatIons of gate fidelities assuming realistic parameters.
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versatile laser free Trapped Ion entangling gates
arXiv: Quantum Physics, 2018Co-Authors: R T Sutherland, D Leibfried, David J. Wineland, A C Wilson, Raghavendra Srinivas, S C BurdAbstract:We present a general theory for laser-free entangling gates with Trapped-Ion hyperfine qubits, using either static or oscillating magnetic-field gradients combined with a pair of uniform microwave fields symmetrically detuned about the qubit frequency. By transforming into a `bichromatic' interactIon picture, we show that either ${\hat{\sigma}_{\phi}\otimes\hat{\sigma}_{\phi}}$ or ${\hat{\sigma}_{z}\otimes\hat{\sigma}_{z}}$ geometric phase gates can be performed. The gate basis is determined by selecting the microwave detuning. The driving parameters can be tuned to provide intrinsic dynamical decoupling from qubit frequency fluctuatIons. The ${\hat{\sigma}_{z}\otimes\hat{\sigma}_{z}}$ gates can be implemented in a novel manner which eases experimental constraints. We present numerical simulatIons of gate fidelities assuming realistic parameters.
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Single-qubit-gate error below 10-4 in a Trapped Ion
Physical Review A - Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics, 2011Co-Authors: K.r. Brown, A. M. Meier, Yves Colombe, Christian Ospelkaus, D Leibfried, Emanuel Knill, A C Wilson, David J. WinelandAbstract:With a 9Be+ Trapped-Ion hyperfine-states qubit, we demonstrate an error probability per randomized single-qubit gate of 2.0(2) x 10^-5, below the threshold estimate of 10^-4 commonly considered sufficient for fault-tolerant quantum computing. The 9Be+ Ion is Trapped above a microfabricated surface-electrode Ion trap and is manipulated with microwaves applied to a trap electrode. The achievement of low single-qubit-gate errors is an essential step toward the constructIon of a scalable quantum computer.
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high fidelity transport of Trapped Ion qubits through an x junctIon trap array
Physical Review Letters, 2009Co-Authors: R B Blakestad, Christian Ospelkaus, D Leibfried, J M Amini, J Britton, Aaron P Vandevender, David J. WinelandAbstract:We report reliable transport of $^{9}\mathrm{Be}^{+}$ Ions through an ``$\mathrm{X}$ junctIon'' in a 2D trap array that includes a separate loading and reservoir zone. During transport the Ion's kinetic energy in its local well increases by only a few motIonal quanta and internal-state coherences are preserved. We also examine two sources of energy gain during transport: a particular radio-frequency noise heating mechanism and digital sampling noise. Such studies are important to achieve scaling in a Trapped-Ion quantum informatIon processor.
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Trapped Ion quantum logic gates based on oscillating magnetic fields
Physical Review Letters, 2008Co-Authors: Christian Ospelkaus, K.r. Brown, D Leibfried, Jason M. Amini, C Langer, David J. WinelandAbstract:Oscillating magnetic fields and field gradients can be used to implement single-qubit rotatIons and entangling multiqubit quantum gates for Trapped-Ion quantum informatIon processing (QIP). With fields generated by currents in microfabricated surface-electrode traps, it should be possible to achieve gate speeds that are comparable to those of optically induced gates for realistic distances between the Ion crystal and the electrode surface. Magnetic-field-mediated gates have the potential to significantly reduce the overhead in laser-beam control and motIonal-state initializatIon compared to current QIP experiments with Trapped Ions and will eliminate spontaneous scattering, a fundamental source of decoherence in laser-mediated gates.
Melvin A. Park - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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trends in Trapped Ion mobility mass spectrometry instrumentatIon
Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2019Co-Authors: Mark E. Ridgeway, Matthias Mann, Christian Bleiholder, Melvin A. ParkAbstract:Abstract Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry (TIMS) is a recently developed form of Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) which is flexible in its operatIon and readily hybridized with mass spectrometry (MS). Prototype TIMS-MS instruments are applicable to a wide range of analytical problems including separatIon of isobars and isomers, the study of analyte conformatIon and unfolding, general separatIon of complex mixtures, and omics. HybridizatIon of TIMS with high performance mass analyzers such as Ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) allows for the more effective analysis of highly complex samples. Adding trapping ahead of TIMS has enabled technologies such as Parallel AccumulatIon Serial FragmentatIon (PASEF) for improved shotgun proteomics. Finally, tandem TIMS (tTIMS) adds flexibility, especially in top down proteomics. Here we highlight recent advances in TIMS-MS and their analytical applicatIons.
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Coupling Trapped Ion mobility spectrometry to mass spectrometry: Trapped Ion mobility spectrometry-time-of-flight mass spectrometry versus Trapped Ion mobility spectrometry-Fourier transform Ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2018Co-Authors: Lilian V. Tose, Paolo Benigni, Dennys Leyva, Abigail Sundberg, Cesar E. Ramirez, Mark E. Ridgeway, Melvin A. Park, Rudolf Jaffé, Wanderson Romao, Francisco Fernandez-limaAbstract:RATIonALE: There is a need for fast, post-IonizatIon separatIon during the analysis of complex mixtures. In this study, we evaluate the use of a high-resolutIon mobility analyzer with high-resolutIon and ultrahigh-resolutIon mass spectrometry for unsupervised molecular feature detectIon. Goals include the study of the reproducibility of Trapped Ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) across platforms, applicability range, and potential challenges during routine analysis. METHODS: A TIMS analyzer was coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) and Fourier transform Ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) instruments for the analysis of singly charged species in the m/z 150-800 range of a complex mixture (Suwannee River Fulvic Acid Standard). Molecular features were detected using an unsupervised algorithm based on chemical formula and IMS profiles. RESULTS: TIMS-TOF MS and TIMS-FT-ICR MS analysis provided 4950 and 7760 m/z signals, 1430 and 3050 formulas using the general Cx Hy N0-3 O0-19 S0-1 compositIon, and 7600 and 22 350 [m/z; chemical formula; K; CCS] features, respectively. CONCLUSIonS: TIMS coupled to TOF MS and FT-ICR MS showed similar performance and high reproducibility. For the analysis of complex mixtures, both platforms were able to capture the major trends and characteristics; however, as the chemical complexity at the level of nominal mass increases with m/z (m/z >300-350), only TIMS-FT-ICR MS was able to report the lower abundance compositIonal trends.
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Trapped Ion mobility spectrometry a short review
International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2018Co-Authors: Mark E. Ridgeway, Markus Lubeck, Jan Jordens, Matthias Mann, Melvin A. ParkAbstract:Abstract Trapped Ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) hybridized with mass spectrometry (MS) is a relatively recent advance in the field of Ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS). The basic idea behind TIMS is the reversal of the classic drift cell analyzer. Rather than driving Ions through a statIonary gas, as in a drift cell, TIMS holds the Ions statIonary in a moving column of gas. This has the immediate advantage that the physical dimensIon of the analyzer can be small (∼5 cm) whereas the analytical column of gas – the column that flows past during the course of an analysis – can be large (as much as 10 m) and user defined. In the years since the first publicatIon, TIMS has proven to be a highly versatile alternative to drift tube Ion mobility achieving high resolving power (R ∼ 300), duty cycle (100%), and efficiency (∼80%). In additIon to its basic performance specificatIons, the flexibility of TIMS allows it to be adapted to a variety of applicatIons. This is highlighted particularly by the PASEF (parallel accumulatIon serial fragmentatIon) workflow, which adapts TIMS-MS to the shotgun proteomics applicatIon. In this brief review, the general operating principles, theory, and a number of TIMS-MS applicatIons are summarized.
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fundamentals of Trapped Ion mobility spectrometry
Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 2015Co-Authors: Karsten Michelmann, Mark E. Ridgeway, Joshua A Silveira, Melvin A. ParkAbstract:Trapped Ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) is a relatively new gas-phase separatIon method that has been coupled to quadrupole orthogonal acceleratIon time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The TIMS analyzer is a segmented rf Ion guide wherein Ions are mobility-analyzed using an electric field that holds Ions statIonary against a moving gas, unlike conventIonal drift tube Ion mobility spectrometry where the gas is statIonary. Ions are initially Trapped, and subsequently eluted from the TIMS analyzer over time according to their mobility (K). Though TIMS has achieved a high level of performance (R > 250) in a small device (<5 cm) using modest operating potentials (<300 V), a proper theory has yet to be produced. Here, we develop a quantitative theory for TIMS via mathematical derivatIon and simulatIons. A one-dimensIonal analytical model, used to predict the transit time and theoretical resolving power, is described. Theoretical trends are in agreement with experimental measurements performed as a functIon of K, pressure, and the axial electric field scan rate. The linear dependence of the transit time with 1/K provides a fundamental basis for determinatIon of reduced mobility or collisIon cross sectIon values by calibratIon. The quantitative descriptIon of TIMS provides an operatIonal understanding of the analyzer, outlines the current performance capabilities, and provides insight into future avenues for improvement.
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high resolutIon Trapped Ion mobility spectrometery of peptides
Analytical Chemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Joshua A Silveira, Mark E. Ridgeway, Melvin A. ParkAbstract:In the present work, we employ Trapped Ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) for conformatIonal analysis of several model peptides. The TIMS distributIons are extensively compared to recent Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) studies reported in the literature. At a resolving power (R) exceeding 250, many new features, otherwise hidden by lower resolutIon IMS analyzers, are revealed. Though still principally limited by the plurality of conformatIonal states, at present, TIMS offers R up to ∼3 to 8 times greater than modern drift tube or traveling wave IMS techniques, respectively. Unlike differential IMS, TIMS not only is able to resolve congested conformatIonal features but also can be used to determine informatIon about their relative size, via the Ion-neutral collisIon cross sectIon, offering a powerful new platform to probe the structure and dynamics of biochemical systems in the gas phase.
John Chiaverini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Materials challenges for Trapped-Ion quantum computers
Nature Reviews Materials, 2021Co-Authors: Kenneth R Brown, Jeremy M. Sage, John Chiaverini, Hartmut HäffnerAbstract:Trapped-Ion quantum informatIon processors store informatIon in atomic Ions maintained in positIon in free space by electric fields. Quantum logic is enacted through manipulatIon of the Ions’ internal and shared motIonal quantum states using optical and microwave signals. Although Trapped Ions show great promise for quantum-enhanced computatIon, sensing and communicatIon, materials research is needed to design traps that allow for improved performance by means of integratIon of system components, including optics and electronics for Ion-qubit control, while minimizing the near-ubiquitous electric-field noise produced by trap-electrode surfaces. In this Review, we consider the materials requirements for such integrated systems, with a focus on problems that hinder current progress towards practical quantum computatIon. We give suggestIons for how materials scientists and Trapped-Ion technologists can work together to develop materials-based integratIon and noise-mitigatIon strategies to enable the next generatIon of Trapped-Ion quantum computers. Trapped-Ion qubits have great potential for quantum computatIon, but materials improvements are needed. This Review surveys materials opportunities to improve the performance of Trapped-Ion qubits, from understanding the surface science that leads to electric-field noise to developing methods for building Ion traps with integrated optics and electronics.
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Materials Challenges for Trapped-Ion Quantum Computers
arXiv: Quantum Physics, 2020Co-Authors: Kenneth R Brown, Jeremy M. Sage, John Chiaverini, Hartmut HäffnerAbstract:Trapped-Ion quantum informatIon processors store informatIon in atomic Ions maintained in positIon in free space via electric fields. Quantum logic is enacted via manipulatIon of the Ions' internal and shared motIonal quantum states using optical and microwave signals. While Trapped Ions show great promise for quantum-enhanced computatIon, sensing, and communicatIon, materials research is needed to design traps that allow for improved performance by means of integratIon of system components, including optics and electronics for Ion-qubit control, while minimizing the near-ubiquitous electric-field noise produced by trap-electrode surfaces. In this review, we consider the materials requirements for such integrated systems, with a focus on problems that hinder current progress toward practical quantum computatIon. We give suggestIons for how materials scientists and Trapped-Ion technologists can work together to develop materials-based integratIon and noise-mitigatIon strategies to enable the next generatIon of Trapped-Ion quantum computers.
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dual species multi qubit logic primitives for ca sr Trapped Ion crystals
npj Quantum Information, 2019Co-Authors: Colin Bruzewicz, Robert Mcconnell, Jeremy M. Sage, Jules Stuart, John ChiaveriniAbstract:We demonstrate key multi-qubit quantum-logic primitives in a dual-species Trapped-Ion system based on $${}^{40}$$Ca$${}^{+}$$ and $${}^{88}$$Sr$${}^{+}$$ Ions, using two optical qubits with quantum-logic-control frequencies in the red to near-infrared range. With all IonizatIon, cooling, and control wavelengths in a wavelength band similar for the two species and centered in the visible, and with a favorable mass ratio for sympathetic cooling, this pair is a promising candidate for scalable quantum informatIon processing. Same-species and dual-species two-qubit gates, based on the Molmer–Sorensen interactIon and performed in a cryogenic surface-electrode trap, are characterized via the fidelity of generated entangled states; we achieve fidelities of 98.8(2)% and 97.5(2)% in Ca$${}^{+}$$–Ca$${}^{+}$$ and Sr$${}^{+}$$–Sr$${}^{+}$$ gates, respectively. For a similar Ca$${}^{+}$$–Sr$${}^{+}$$ gate, we achieve a fidelity of 94.3(3)%, and carrying out a Sr$${}^{+}$$–Sr$${}^{+}$$ gate performed with a Ca$${}^{+}$$ sympathetic cooling Ion in a Sr$${}^{+}$$–Ca$${}^{+}$$–Sr$${}^{+}$$ crystal configuratIon, we achieve a fidelity of 95.7(3)%. These primitives form a set of Trapped-Ion capabilities for logic with sympathetic cooling and ancilla readout or state transfer for general quantum computing and communicatIon applicatIons.
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dual species multi qubit logic primitives for ca sr Trapped Ion crystals
arXiv: Quantum Physics, 2019Co-Authors: Colin Bruzewicz, Robert Mcconnell, Jeremy M. Sage, Jules Stuart, John ChiaveriniAbstract:We demonstrate key multi-qubit quantum logic primitives in a dual-species Trapped-Ion system based on $^{40}$Ca+ and $^{88}$Sr+ Ions, using two optical qubits with quantum-logic-control frequencies in the red to near-infrared range. With all IonizatIon, cooling, and control wavelengths in a wavelength band similar for the two species and centered in the visible, and with a favorable mass ratio for sympathetic cooling, this pair is a promising candidate for scalable quantum informatIon processing. Same-species and dual-species two-qubit gates, based on the Moelmer-Soerensen interactIon and performed in a cryogenic surface-electrode trap, are characterized via the fidelity of generated entangled states; we achieve fidelities of 98.8(2)% and 97.5(2)% in Ca+ - Ca+ and Sr+ - Sr+ gates, respectively. For a similar Ca+ - Sr+ gate, we achieve a fidelity of 94.3(3)%, and carrying out a Sr+ - Sr+ gate performed with a Ca+ sympathetic cooling Ion in a Sr+ - Ca+ - Sr+ crystal configuratIon, we achieve a fidelity of 95.7(3)%. These primitives form a set of Trapped-Ion capabilities for logic with sympathetic cooling and ancilla readout or state transfer for general quantum computing and communicatIon applicatIons.
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Trapped Ion quantum computing progress and challenges
Applied physics reviews, 2019Co-Authors: Colin Bruzewicz, Robert Mcconnell, John Chiaverini, Jeremy M. SageAbstract:Trapped Ions are among the most promising systems for practical quantum computing (QC). The basic requirements for universal QC have all been demonstrated with Ions, and quantum algorithms using few-Ion-qubit systems have been implemented. We review the state of the field, covering the basics of how Trapped Ions are used for QC and their strengths and limitatIons as qubits. In additIon, we discuss what is being done, and what may be required, to increase the scale of Trapped Ion quantum computers while mitigating decoherence and control errors. Finally, we explore the outlook for Trapped-Ion QC. In particular, we discuss near-term applicatIons, consideratIons impacting the design of future systems of Trapped Ions, and experiments and demonstratIons that may further inform these consideratIons.Trapped Ions are among the most promising systems for practical quantum computing (QC). The basic requirements for universal QC have all been demonstrated with Ions, and quantum algorithms using few-Ion-qubit systems have been implemented. We review the state of the field, covering the basics of how Trapped Ions are used for QC and their strengths and limitatIons as qubits. In additIon, we discuss what is being done, and what may be required, to increase the scale of Trapped Ion quantum computers while mitigating decoherence and control errors. Finally, we explore the outlook for Trapped-Ion QC. In particular, we discuss near-term applicatIons, consideratIons impacting the design of future systems of Trapped Ions, and experiments and demonstratIons that may further inform these consideratIons.
D Leibfried - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Measurement of electric-field noise from interchangeable samples with a Trapped-Ion sensor
arXiv: Atomic Physics, 2021Co-Authors: Kyle S. Mckay, D Leibfried, D. A. Hite, Philip D. Kent, Shlomi Kotler, Daniel H. Slichter, Andrew C. Wilson, David P. PappasAbstract:We demonstrate the use of a single Trapped Ion as a sensor to probe electric-field noise from interchangeable test surfaces. As proof of principle, we measure the magnitude and distance dependence of electric-field noise from two Ion-trap-like samples with patterned Au electrodes. This Trapped-Ion sensor could be combined with other surface characterizatIon tools to help elucidate the mechanisms that give rise to electric-field noise from Ion-trap surfaces. Such noise presents a significant hurdle for performing large-scale Trapped-Ion quantum computatIons.
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versatile laser free Trapped Ion entangling gates
New Journal of Physics, 2019Co-Authors: R T Sutherland, D Leibfried, David J. Wineland, A C Wilson, Raghavendra Srinivas, S C BurdAbstract:We present a general theory for laser-free entangling gates with Trapped-Ion hyperfine qubits, using either static or oscillating magnetic-field gradients combined with a pair of uniform microwave fields symmetrically detuned about the qubit frequency. By transforming into a 'bichromatic' interactIon picture, we show that either σ^ϕ⊗σ^ϕ or σ^z⊗σ^z geometric phase gates can be performed. The gate basis is determined by selecting the microwave detuning. The driving parameters can be tuned to provide intrinsic dynamical decoupling from qubit frequency fluctuatIons. The σ^z⊗σ^z gates can be implemented in a novel manner which eases experimental constraints. We present numerical simulatIons of gate fidelities assuming realistic parameters.
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versatile laser free Trapped Ion entangling gates
arXiv: Quantum Physics, 2018Co-Authors: R T Sutherland, D Leibfried, David J. Wineland, A C Wilson, Raghavendra Srinivas, S C BurdAbstract:We present a general theory for laser-free entangling gates with Trapped-Ion hyperfine qubits, using either static or oscillating magnetic-field gradients combined with a pair of uniform microwave fields symmetrically detuned about the qubit frequency. By transforming into a `bichromatic' interactIon picture, we show that either ${\hat{\sigma}_{\phi}\otimes\hat{\sigma}_{\phi}}$ or ${\hat{\sigma}_{z}\otimes\hat{\sigma}_{z}}$ geometric phase gates can be performed. The gate basis is determined by selecting the microwave detuning. The driving parameters can be tuned to provide intrinsic dynamical decoupling from qubit frequency fluctuatIons. The ${\hat{\sigma}_{z}\otimes\hat{\sigma}_{z}}$ gates can be implemented in a novel manner which eases experimental constraints. We present numerical simulatIons of gate fidelities assuming realistic parameters.
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Single-qubit-gate error below 10-4 in a Trapped Ion
Physical Review A - Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics, 2011Co-Authors: K.r. Brown, A. M. Meier, Yves Colombe, Christian Ospelkaus, D Leibfried, Emanuel Knill, A C Wilson, David J. WinelandAbstract:With a 9Be+ Trapped-Ion hyperfine-states qubit, we demonstrate an error probability per randomized single-qubit gate of 2.0(2) x 10^-5, below the threshold estimate of 10^-4 commonly considered sufficient for fault-tolerant quantum computing. The 9Be+ Ion is Trapped above a microfabricated surface-electrode Ion trap and is manipulated with microwaves applied to a trap electrode. The achievement of low single-qubit-gate errors is an essential step toward the constructIon of a scalable quantum computer.
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high fidelity transport of Trapped Ion qubits through an x junctIon trap array
Physical Review Letters, 2009Co-Authors: R B Blakestad, Christian Ospelkaus, D Leibfried, J M Amini, J Britton, Aaron P Vandevender, David J. WinelandAbstract:We report reliable transport of $^{9}\mathrm{Be}^{+}$ Ions through an ``$\mathrm{X}$ junctIon'' in a 2D trap array that includes a separate loading and reservoir zone. During transport the Ion's kinetic energy in its local well increases by only a few motIonal quanta and internal-state coherences are preserved. We also examine two sources of energy gain during transport: a particular radio-frequency noise heating mechanism and digital sampling noise. Such studies are important to achieve scaling in a Trapped-Ion quantum informatIon processor.
Mark E. Ridgeway - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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trends in Trapped Ion mobility mass spectrometry instrumentatIon
Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2019Co-Authors: Mark E. Ridgeway, Matthias Mann, Christian Bleiholder, Melvin A. ParkAbstract:Abstract Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry (TIMS) is a recently developed form of Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) which is flexible in its operatIon and readily hybridized with mass spectrometry (MS). Prototype TIMS-MS instruments are applicable to a wide range of analytical problems including separatIon of isobars and isomers, the study of analyte conformatIon and unfolding, general separatIon of complex mixtures, and omics. HybridizatIon of TIMS with high performance mass analyzers such as Ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) allows for the more effective analysis of highly complex samples. Adding trapping ahead of TIMS has enabled technologies such as Parallel AccumulatIon Serial FragmentatIon (PASEF) for improved shotgun proteomics. Finally, tandem TIMS (tTIMS) adds flexibility, especially in top down proteomics. Here we highlight recent advances in TIMS-MS and their analytical applicatIons.
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Coupling Trapped Ion mobility spectrometry to mass spectrometry: Trapped Ion mobility spectrometry-time-of-flight mass spectrometry versus Trapped Ion mobility spectrometry-Fourier transform Ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2018Co-Authors: Lilian V. Tose, Paolo Benigni, Dennys Leyva, Abigail Sundberg, Cesar E. Ramirez, Mark E. Ridgeway, Melvin A. Park, Rudolf Jaffé, Wanderson Romao, Francisco Fernandez-limaAbstract:RATIonALE: There is a need for fast, post-IonizatIon separatIon during the analysis of complex mixtures. In this study, we evaluate the use of a high-resolutIon mobility analyzer with high-resolutIon and ultrahigh-resolutIon mass spectrometry for unsupervised molecular feature detectIon. Goals include the study of the reproducibility of Trapped Ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) across platforms, applicability range, and potential challenges during routine analysis. METHODS: A TIMS analyzer was coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) and Fourier transform Ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) instruments for the analysis of singly charged species in the m/z 150-800 range of a complex mixture (Suwannee River Fulvic Acid Standard). Molecular features were detected using an unsupervised algorithm based on chemical formula and IMS profiles. RESULTS: TIMS-TOF MS and TIMS-FT-ICR MS analysis provided 4950 and 7760 m/z signals, 1430 and 3050 formulas using the general Cx Hy N0-3 O0-19 S0-1 compositIon, and 7600 and 22 350 [m/z; chemical formula; K; CCS] features, respectively. CONCLUSIonS: TIMS coupled to TOF MS and FT-ICR MS showed similar performance and high reproducibility. For the analysis of complex mixtures, both platforms were able to capture the major trends and characteristics; however, as the chemical complexity at the level of nominal mass increases with m/z (m/z >300-350), only TIMS-FT-ICR MS was able to report the lower abundance compositIonal trends.
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Trapped Ion mobility spectrometry a short review
International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2018Co-Authors: Mark E. Ridgeway, Markus Lubeck, Jan Jordens, Matthias Mann, Melvin A. ParkAbstract:Abstract Trapped Ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) hybridized with mass spectrometry (MS) is a relatively recent advance in the field of Ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS). The basic idea behind TIMS is the reversal of the classic drift cell analyzer. Rather than driving Ions through a statIonary gas, as in a drift cell, TIMS holds the Ions statIonary in a moving column of gas. This has the immediate advantage that the physical dimensIon of the analyzer can be small (∼5 cm) whereas the analytical column of gas – the column that flows past during the course of an analysis – can be large (as much as 10 m) and user defined. In the years since the first publicatIon, TIMS has proven to be a highly versatile alternative to drift tube Ion mobility achieving high resolving power (R ∼ 300), duty cycle (100%), and efficiency (∼80%). In additIon to its basic performance specificatIons, the flexibility of TIMS allows it to be adapted to a variety of applicatIons. This is highlighted particularly by the PASEF (parallel accumulatIon serial fragmentatIon) workflow, which adapts TIMS-MS to the shotgun proteomics applicatIon. In this brief review, the general operating principles, theory, and a number of TIMS-MS applicatIons are summarized.
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fundamentals of Trapped Ion mobility spectrometry
Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 2015Co-Authors: Karsten Michelmann, Mark E. Ridgeway, Joshua A Silveira, Melvin A. ParkAbstract:Trapped Ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) is a relatively new gas-phase separatIon method that has been coupled to quadrupole orthogonal acceleratIon time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The TIMS analyzer is a segmented rf Ion guide wherein Ions are mobility-analyzed using an electric field that holds Ions statIonary against a moving gas, unlike conventIonal drift tube Ion mobility spectrometry where the gas is statIonary. Ions are initially Trapped, and subsequently eluted from the TIMS analyzer over time according to their mobility (K). Though TIMS has achieved a high level of performance (R > 250) in a small device (<5 cm) using modest operating potentials (<300 V), a proper theory has yet to be produced. Here, we develop a quantitative theory for TIMS via mathematical derivatIon and simulatIons. A one-dimensIonal analytical model, used to predict the transit time and theoretical resolving power, is described. Theoretical trends are in agreement with experimental measurements performed as a functIon of K, pressure, and the axial electric field scan rate. The linear dependence of the transit time with 1/K provides a fundamental basis for determinatIon of reduced mobility or collisIon cross sectIon values by calibratIon. The quantitative descriptIon of TIMS provides an operatIonal understanding of the analyzer, outlines the current performance capabilities, and provides insight into future avenues for improvement.
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high resolutIon Trapped Ion mobility spectrometery of peptides
Analytical Chemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Joshua A Silveira, Mark E. Ridgeway, Melvin A. ParkAbstract:In the present work, we employ Trapped Ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) for conformatIonal analysis of several model peptides. The TIMS distributIons are extensively compared to recent Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) studies reported in the literature. At a resolving power (R) exceeding 250, many new features, otherwise hidden by lower resolutIon IMS analyzers, are revealed. Though still principally limited by the plurality of conformatIonal states, at present, TIMS offers R up to ∼3 to 8 times greater than modern drift tube or traveling wave IMS techniques, respectively. Unlike differential IMS, TIMS not only is able to resolve congested conformatIonal features but also can be used to determine informatIon about their relative size, via the Ion-neutral collisIon cross sectIon, offering a powerful new platform to probe the structure and dynamics of biochemical systems in the gas phase.
