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Isabel De Marco - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Thermo-Catalytic Treatment of Vapors in the Recycling Process of Carbon Fiber-Poly (Benzoxazine) Composite Waste by Pyrolysis
'MDPI AG', 2018Co-Authors: Naia Gastelu, Alexander Lopez-urionabarrenechea, Jon Solar, Esther Acha, Blanca María Caballero, Félix A. López, Isabel De MarcoAbstract:Recycling carbon fiber from residual carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) is one of the key aspects of the future in the field of waste management. This work presents the possibility of recovering chemical compounds through the thermo-catalytic Treatment of the Gases and vapors produced from the decomposition of the polymeric resin that takes place in the recycling of CFRP by pyrolysis. A lab-scale installation consisting of two reactors placed in series has been used for the experiments. In the first reactor, pyrolysis of poly(benzoxazine)-based composite waste has been carried out at 500 °C. In the second reactor, the thermo-catalytic Treatment of Gases and vapors has been performed at 900 °C in the presence of a commercial and a lab-prepared reforming catalyst. The thermal Treatment of Gases and vapors leads to a significant reduction in the collected liquids and a H2-rich gas fraction. When reforming catalysts are used, the organic fraction of the liquids is virtually eliminated and gas fractions containing more than 50% H2 in volume are generated. The results obtained show that it is possible to valorize the material content of the polymer resin, which represents an important advance in the recycling of CFRP by pyrolysis
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Thermo-Catalytic Treatment of Vapors in the Recycling Process of Carbon Fiber-Poly (Benzoxazine) Composite Waste by Pyrolysis
'MDPI AG', 2018Co-Authors: Gastelu Otazua Naia, López Urionabarrenechea Alexander, Solar Jon, Acha Esther, Caballero, Blanca María, López Gómez, Félix Antonio, Isabel De MarcoAbstract:Recycling carbon fiber from residual carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) is one of the key aspects of the future in the field of waste management. This work presents the possibility of recovering chemical compounds through the thermo-catalytic Treatment of the Gases and vapors produced from the decomposition of the polymeric resin that takes place in the recycling of CFRP by pyrolysis. A lab-scale installation consisting of two reactors placed in series has been used for the experiments. In the first reactor, pyrolysis of poly(benzoxazine)-based composite waste has been carried out at 500 ◦C. In the second reactor, the thermo-catalytic Treatment of Gases and vapors has been performed at 900 ◦C in the presence of a commercial and a lab-prepared reforming catalyst. The thermal Treatment of Gases and vapors leads to a significant reduction in the collected liquids and a H2-rich gas fraction. When reforming catalysts are used, the organic fraction of the liquids is virtually eliminated and gas fractions containing more than 50% H2 in volume are generated. The results obtained show that it is possible to valorize the material content of the polymer resin, which represents an important advance in the recycling of CFRP by pyrolysis.This research was funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of the Spanish Government, in the ‘Research Challenges’ call for proposals in 2013 (Ref. CTM2013-48887-C2-1-R and C2-2-R) and by the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) (Ref. PPM 12/11).Peer reviewe
R Mcadams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pulsed corona Treatment of Gases system scaling and efficiency
Plasma Sources Science and Technology, 2007Co-Authors: R McadamsAbstract:A pulsed corona facility for the Treatment of Gases at relatively high gas flow rates and powers is described. Data are presented, mainly for the example of toluene removal, which illustrate specific energy scaling of the system with power, gas flow rate, charging voltage of the pulsed power supply and inlet concentration. The effect of plasma reactor length and charging capacitance of the pulsed power supply on the system efficiency is also investigated. The implications of the scaling and efficiency in determining the size of systems and the relative operating and capital costs for practical applications are discussed briefly.
Gastelu Otazua Naia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Thermo-Catalytic Treatment of Vapors in the Recycling Process of Carbon Fiber-Poly (Benzoxazine) Composite Waste by Pyrolysis
'MDPI AG', 2018Co-Authors: Gastelu Otazua Naia, López Urionabarrenechea Alexander, Solar Irazabal Jon, Acha Peña Esther, Caballero Iglesias, Blanca María, López Gómez, Félix A., De Marco Rodríguez IsabelAbstract:Recycling carbon fiber from residual carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) is one of the key aspects of the future in the field of waste management. This work presents the possibility of recovering chemical compounds through the thermo-catalytic Treatment of the Gases and vapors produced from the decomposition of the polymeric resin that takes place in the recycling of CFRP by pyrolysis. A lab-scale installation consisting of two reactors placed in series has been used for the experiments. In the first reactor, pyrolysis of poly(benzoxazine)-based composite waste has been carried out at 500 degrees C. In the second reactor, the thermo-catalytic Treatment of Gases and vapors has been performed at 900 degrees C in the presence of a commercial and a lab-prepared reforming catalyst. The thermal Treatment of Gases and vapors leads to a significant reduction in the collected liquids and a H-2-rich gas fraction. When reforming catalysts are used, the organic fraction of the liquids is virtually eliminated and gas fractions containing more than 50% H-2 in volume are generated. The results obtained show that it is possible to valorize the material content of the polymer resin, which represents an important advance in the recycling of CFRP by pyrolysis.This research was funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of the Spanish Government, in the 'Research Challenges' call for proposals in 2013 (Ref. CTM2013-48887-C2-1-R and C2-2-R) and by the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) (Ref. PPM 12/11)
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Thermo-Catalytic Treatment of Vapors in the Recycling Process of Carbon Fiber-Poly (Benzoxazine) Composite Waste by Pyrolysis
'MDPI AG', 2018Co-Authors: Gastelu Otazua Naia, López Urionabarrenechea Alexander, Solar Jon, Acha Esther, Caballero, Blanca María, López Gómez, Félix Antonio, Isabel De MarcoAbstract:Recycling carbon fiber from residual carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) is one of the key aspects of the future in the field of waste management. This work presents the possibility of recovering chemical compounds through the thermo-catalytic Treatment of the Gases and vapors produced from the decomposition of the polymeric resin that takes place in the recycling of CFRP by pyrolysis. A lab-scale installation consisting of two reactors placed in series has been used for the experiments. In the first reactor, pyrolysis of poly(benzoxazine)-based composite waste has been carried out at 500 ◦C. In the second reactor, the thermo-catalytic Treatment of Gases and vapors has been performed at 900 ◦C in the presence of a commercial and a lab-prepared reforming catalyst. The thermal Treatment of Gases and vapors leads to a significant reduction in the collected liquids and a H2-rich gas fraction. When reforming catalysts are used, the organic fraction of the liquids is virtually eliminated and gas fractions containing more than 50% H2 in volume are generated. The results obtained show that it is possible to valorize the material content of the polymer resin, which represents an important advance in the recycling of CFRP by pyrolysis.This research was funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of the Spanish Government, in the ‘Research Challenges’ call for proposals in 2013 (Ref. CTM2013-48887-C2-1-R and C2-2-R) and by the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) (Ref. PPM 12/11).Peer reviewe
Jailson Bittencourt De ,andrade - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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emission profile of 18 carbonyl compounds co co2 and nox emitted by a diesel engine fuelled with diesel and ternary blends containing diesel ethanol and biodiesel or vegetable oils
Atmospheric Environment, 2009Co-Authors: Lilian Lefol Nani Guarieiro, Amanda Figueiredo De ,souza, Ednildo Andrade Torres, Jailson Bittencourt De ,andradeAbstract:Abstract The impact of vehicular emissions on air depends, among other factors, on the composition of fuel and the technology used to build the engines. The reduction of vehicular emissions requires changes in the fuel composition, and improving the technologies used in the manufacturing of engines and for the after-Treatment of Gases. In general, improvements to diesel engines have targeted not only emission reductions, but also reductions in fuel consumption. However, changes in the fuel composition have been shown to be a more rapid and effective alternative to reduce pollution. Some factors should been taken into consideration when searching for an alternative fuel to be used in diesel engines, such as emissions, fuel stability, availability and its distribution, as well as its effects on the engine durability. In this work, 45 fuel blends were prepared and their stability was evaluated. The following mixtures (v/v/v) were stable for the 90-day period and were used in the emission study: diesel/ethanol – 90/10%, diesel/ethanol/soybean biodiesel – 80/15/5%, diesel/ethanol/castor biodiesel – 80/15/5%, diesel/ethanol/residual biodiesel – 80/15/5%, diesel/ethanol/soybean oil – 90/7/3%, and diesel/ethanol/castor oil – 90/7/3%. The diesel/ethanol fuel showed higher reduction of NO x emission at a lower load (2 kW) when compared with pure diesel. The other fuels showed a decrease of NO x emissions in the ranges of 6.9–75% and 4–85% at 1800 rpm and 2000 rpm, respectively. The combustion efficiencies of the diesel can be enhanced by the addition of the oxygenate fuels, like ethanol and biodiesel/vegetable oil, resulting in a more complete combustion in terms of NO x emission. In the case of CO 2 the decreases were in the ranges of 5–24% and 4–6% at 1800 rpm and 2000 rpm, respectively. Meanwhile, no differences were observed in CO emission. The carbonyl compounds (CC) studied were formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, acrolein, acetone, crotonaldehyde, butyraldehyde, butanone, benzaldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, valeraldehyde, o -toluenaldehyde, m -toluenaldehyde, p -toluenaldehyde, hexaldehyde, octaldehyde, 2,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde, and decaldehyde. Among them, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, and propionaldehyde showed the highest emission concentrations. When ternary blend contains vegetable oil, there is a strong tendency to increase the emissions of the high weight CC and decrease the emissions of the low weight CC. The highest concentration of acrolein was observed when the fuel contains diesel, ethanol and biodiesel. With the exception of NO x , the use of ternary blended fuels resulted on the increase in the emission rates of the studied compounds.
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Atmospheric Environment
2009Co-Authors: Guarieiro, Lílian Lefol Nani, Amanda Figueiredo De ,souza, Torres, Ednildo Andrade, Jailson Bittencourt De ,andradeAbstract:Texto completo: acesso restrito. p. 2754-2761The impact of vehicular emissions on air depends, among other factors, on the composition of fuel and the technology used to build the engines. The reduction of vehicular emissions requires changes in the fuel composition, and improving the technologies used in the manufacturing of engines and for the after-Treatment of Gases. In general, improvements to diesel engines have targeted not only emission reductions, but also reductions in fuel consumption. However, changes in the fuel composition have been shown to be a more rapid and effective alternative to reduce pollution. Some factors should been taken into consideration when searching for an alternative fuel to be used in diesel engines, such as emissions, fuel stability, availability and its distribution, as well as its effects on the engine durability. In this work, 45 fuel blends were prepared and their stability was evaluated. The following mixtures (v/v/v) were stable for the 90-day period and were used in the emission study: diesel/ethanol – 90/10%, diesel/ethanol/soybean biodiesel – 80/15/5%, diesel/ethanol/castor biodiesel – 80/15/5%, diesel/ethanol/residual biodiesel – 80/15/5%, diesel/ethanol/soybean oil – 90/7/3%, and diesel/ethanol/castor oil – 90/7/3%. The diesel/ethanol fuel showed higher reduction of NOx emission at a lower load (2 kW) when compared with pure diesel. The other fuels showed a decrease of NOx emissions in the ranges of 6.9–75% and 4–85% at 1800 rpm and 2000 rpm, respectively. The combustion efficiencies of the diesel can be enhanced by the addition of the oxygenate fuels, like ethanol and biodiesel/vegetable oil, resulting in a more complete combustion in terms of NOx emission. In the case of CO2 the decreases were in the ranges of 5–24% and 4–6% at 1800 rpm and 2000 rpm, respectively. Meanwhile, no differences were observed in CO emission. The carbonyl compounds (CC) studied were formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, acrolein, acetone, crotonaldehyde, butyraldehyde, butanone, benzaldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, valeraldehyde, o-toluenaldehyde, m-toluenaldehyde, p-toluenaldehyde, hexaldehyde, octaldehyde, 2,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde, and decaldehyde. Among them, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, and propionaldehyde showed the highest emission concentrations. When ternary blend contains vegetable oil, there is a strong tendency to increase the emissions of the high weight CC and decrease the emissions of the low weight CC. The highest concentration of acrolein was observed when the fuel contains diesel, ethanol and biodiesel. With the exception of NOx, the use of ternary blended fuels resulted on the increase in the emission rates of the studied compounds
De Marco Rodríguez Isabel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Thermo-Catalytic Treatment of Vapors in the Recycling Process of Carbon Fiber-Poly (Benzoxazine) Composite Waste by Pyrolysis
'MDPI AG', 2018Co-Authors: Gastelu Otazua Naia, López Urionabarrenechea Alexander, Solar Irazabal Jon, Acha Peña Esther, Caballero Iglesias, Blanca María, López Gómez, Félix A., De Marco Rodríguez IsabelAbstract:Recycling carbon fiber from residual carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) is one of the key aspects of the future in the field of waste management. This work presents the possibility of recovering chemical compounds through the thermo-catalytic Treatment of the Gases and vapors produced from the decomposition of the polymeric resin that takes place in the recycling of CFRP by pyrolysis. A lab-scale installation consisting of two reactors placed in series has been used for the experiments. In the first reactor, pyrolysis of poly(benzoxazine)-based composite waste has been carried out at 500 degrees C. In the second reactor, the thermo-catalytic Treatment of Gases and vapors has been performed at 900 degrees C in the presence of a commercial and a lab-prepared reforming catalyst. The thermal Treatment of Gases and vapors leads to a significant reduction in the collected liquids and a H-2-rich gas fraction. When reforming catalysts are used, the organic fraction of the liquids is virtually eliminated and gas fractions containing more than 50% H-2 in volume are generated. The results obtained show that it is possible to valorize the material content of the polymer resin, which represents an important advance in the recycling of CFRP by pyrolysis.This research was funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of the Spanish Government, in the 'Research Challenges' call for proposals in 2013 (Ref. CTM2013-48887-C2-1-R and C2-2-R) and by the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) (Ref. PPM 12/11)
