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Christine Rothschild - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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virgin texas Treponematosis associated periosteal reaction 6 millenia in the past
Advances in Anthropology, 2011Co-Authors: Bruce M Rothschild, Christine Rothschild, Glen DoranAbstract:In bioarchaeology, skeletal biology and paleopathology, periosteal reaction has been variably considered as a non-specific sign of trauma and alternatively as having potentially diagnostic implications. Examination of sixth millennium before present Texas cemeteries falsifies the non-specific trauma hypothesis, while examination of a second millennium before present site reveals a new (at least to Texas) population phenomenon. In contrast to isolated bumps and osteomyelitis, the study of periosteal reaction in early Texas is the study of “virgins,” individuals spared the phenomenon that cause such bone alteration. It is only in the second millennium before present that periosteal reaction becomes widespread, both in population penetrance and in extent of skeleton affected. That pattern has previously been documented for the Treponematosis yaws, similar to what has been found in other areas of Archaic North America.
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unique aspects of west coast Treponematosis
Chungara, 2000Co-Authors: El J Molto, Bruce M Rothschild, Robert J Woods, Christine RothschildAbstract:Skeletal populations from the western coast of North America clearly were afflicted with a treponemal disease very different from that previously documented elsewhere in North America. Six populations from west of the Sierra Cascades were compared with 5 sites east of the Cascades. A high population frequency (both in adults and subadults) of pauci-ostotic, periostitis was noted in the six western skeletal populations, identical to that reported previously with bejel in Negev Bedouins, Sudanese Nubians, and the Kit site from Iraq. Early populations, from east of the Cascades, had a very different polyostotic disease pattern, characteristic of yaws, and identical to that previously reported in Guam. Both patterns were clearly distinguished from syphilis, which appears to be a later development (mutation?). This study provides evidence that the treponematoses were transported to the New World by way of at least two migrations, one bringing yaws; the other, bejel. The population with bejel likely derived from a different population than that with yaws. Given the absence of treponemal disease variation in the very wide spectrum of environments represented by the bejel-afflicted populations, it is clear that environment is not the factor determining disease character. This study expands on animal studies documenting that the individual treponematoses are separate diseases and not simply climate-induced variation.
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treponemal disease revisited skeletal discriminators for yaws bejel and venereal syphilis
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 1995Co-Authors: Bruce M Rothschild, Christine RothschildAbstract:Assigning responsibility for the origins of treponemal disease has been complicated because of the (diagnostic) impreciseness of the historical written record and the inability to microbiologically distinguish among the treponematoses. Bedouin skeletal remains of individuals from the Negev area of Israel who had bejel, skeletons from the Todd human skeleton collection of individuals in whom syphilis was diagnosed, and skeletal remains from Guam of individuals who had yaws were analyzed to quantitatively assess their skeletal damage. The osseous reactions, although reproducible for each variety of treponemal disease, are not uniform among these skeletons. Examination of population frequency, demographics, character, and skeletal distribution of osseous treponemal damage in these skeletal sites provides clear, reproducible clues to the identity of the underlying Treponematosis: bejel and yaws are common (>20% according to skeletal findings) in the population. Syphilis and bejel usually spare the hands and feet. Yaws tends to be more polyostotic. Analysis of these parameters as population phenomena in preColumbian archeological sites should afford the opportunity to define the origins of the various treponemal disorders
T. S. Vasulu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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possible paleopathological evidence of Treponematosis from a megalithic site at agripalle india
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 1996Co-Authors: T. S. Vasulu, A Rector D W BabuAbstract:An Iron Age (megalithic) skull recovered from a cist burial complex at Agripalle, Andhra Pradesh, India, exhibits extensive erosion of the calvarium, areas of sclerotic diploe, irregular osteitic and periosteitic lesions, and deep ulcerations with a granulomatous appearance of nodular foci due to bone remodeling. These lesions are found over the entire surface, but are less severe in the temporal region and in the occipital region below lambda. There is extensive ulceration and destruction of the orbital roof and the nasopalatine region. A thick bony mass representing a healed lesion is present on the nasal margin. Comparison with the pathologic skeletal series of Ortner and Putschar (( 19811 Smithson. Contrib. Anthropol. 28:180-218), Steinbock ((19761 Paleopathology: Diagnosis and Interpretation, pp. 86-169), and Calvin (( 19641 Bones and Disease: Evidence of Disease and Abnormality in Early Man) indicates that these findings warrant a diagnosis of an advanced stage of Treponematosis. The material from Agripalle, together with similar specimens recovered from the sites of Bhimbetka (Iron Age) and Inamgaon (Chalcolithic), furnish additional evidence supporting the hypothesis of the prehistoric antiquity of treponemal disease in both the New and Old Worlds. o 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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The origin and antiquity of syphilis (Treponematosis), in southeast Asia
Human Evolution, 1993Co-Authors: T. S. VasuluAbstract:The pausible reasons for the paucity of skeletal evidence regarding the contraversal issue on the origin and antiquity of Treponematosis (syphilis) in southeast Asia, suggest a lack of thorough investigation into the skeletal biology of the several remains that were excavated. According to an estimate the skeletal remains of about 69.5 per cent (107) of the prehistoric sites were not reported and even the remaining 30.5 per cent were not thoroughly investigated for paleopathological aspects. The two recent studies of possible evidence of Treponematosis during megalithic (Iron Age) period supports the Old World hypothesis that the disease was prevalent during pre-Columbian period in India.
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the origin and antiquity of syphilis Treponematosis in southeast asia
Human Evolution, 1993Co-Authors: T. S. VasuluAbstract:The pausible reasons for the paucity of skeletal evidence regarding the contraversal issue on the origin and antiquity of Treponematosis (syphilis) in southeast Asia, suggest a lack of thorough investigation into the skeletal biology of the several remains that were excavated. According to an estimate the skeletal remains of about 69.5 per cent (107) of the prehistoric sites were not reported and even the remaining 30.5 per cent were not thoroughly investigated for paleopathological aspects.
Sabine Eggers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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estudio regional sistematico de Treponematosis en conchales sambaquis precolombinos de brasil
Chungara, 2019Co-Authors: Jose Filippini, Luis Pezolanfranco, Sabine EggersAbstract:espanolEn el marco de discusion de las hipotesis sobre el origen de la sifilis (precolombina, colombina y unitaria), este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar, a traves de un trabajo sistematico, casos de Treponematosis en individuos excavados en sitios arqueologicos de la costa sureste de Brasil. Se investigaron 768 esqueletos de 45 conchales (sambaquis) utilizando un metodo morfoscopico integrado para diagnosticar Treponematosis en los huesos (sifilis, yaws y bejel). Fueron detectados 22 (2,86%) casos sospechosos de Treponematosis en 14 de los 45 sitios arqueologicos evaluados (31,11%). Despues del diagnostico diferencial fueron identificados cuatro casos de sifilis adquirida, nueve casos de yaws y nueve individuos afectados con Treponematosis sin diagnostico definitivo. Once nuevas dataciones 14C AMS obtenidas de individuos con lesiones compatibles con Treponematosis muestran que este espectro de enfermedades afecto a los individuos entre 6300 y 500 anos AP. Este estudio sugiere la existencia de Treponematosis en la costa sureste brasilena al menos alrededor de 6000 antes del contacto europeo. EnglishWithin the field of study of the origins of syphilis (pre-Columbian, Columbian and Unitary hypotheses), this work aims to identify, through a systematic approach, treponematoses in several archaeological sites from the south and southeast coast of Brazil. 768 skeletons from 45 shell mounds (sambaquis) were investigated using an integrated morphoscopic method to diagnose treponematoses (syphilis, yaws and bejel). 22 (2.86%) suspected cases of Treponematosis were detected in 14 of the 45 evaluated sites (31.11%). After the differential diagnosis, four cases of acquired syphilis, nine cases of yaws and nine individuals with Treponematosis without definitive diagnosis were identified. Eleven new 14C AMS dates obtained from individuals with lesions compatible with treponematoses show that this disease spectrum affected people from 6300 years BP to 500 years BP. This study suggests the existence of treponematoses at the Brazilian southeast coast about 6000 years before the European contact.
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ESTUDIO REGIONAL SISTEMÁTICO DE Treponematosis EN CONCHALES (SAMBAQUIS) PRECOLOMBINOS DE BRASIL
Chungara, 2019Co-Authors: Jose Filippini, Luis Pezo-lanfranco, Sabine EggersAbstract:Within the field of study of the origins of syphilis (pre-Columbian, Columbian and Unitary hypotheses), this work aims to identify, through a systematic approach, treponematoses in several archaeological sites from the south and southeast coast of Brazil. 768 skeletons from 45 shell mounds (sambaquis) were investigated using an integrated morphoscopic method to diagnose treponematoses (syphilis, yaws and bejel). 22 (2.86%) suspected cases of Treponematosis were detected in 14 of the 45 evaluated sites (31.11%). After the differential diagnosis, four cases of acquired syphilis, nine cases of yaws and nine individuals with Treponematosis without definitive diagnosis were identified. Eleven new 14C AMS dates obtained from individuals with lesions compatible with treponematoses show that this disease spectrum affected people from 6300 years BP to 500 years BP. This study suggests the existence of treponematoses at the Brazilian southeast coast about 6000 years before the European contact.
A Rector D W Babu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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possible paleopathological evidence of Treponematosis from a megalithic site at agripalle india
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 1996Co-Authors: T. S. Vasulu, A Rector D W BabuAbstract:An Iron Age (megalithic) skull recovered from a cist burial complex at Agripalle, Andhra Pradesh, India, exhibits extensive erosion of the calvarium, areas of sclerotic diploe, irregular osteitic and periosteitic lesions, and deep ulcerations with a granulomatous appearance of nodular foci due to bone remodeling. These lesions are found over the entire surface, but are less severe in the temporal region and in the occipital region below lambda. There is extensive ulceration and destruction of the orbital roof and the nasopalatine region. A thick bony mass representing a healed lesion is present on the nasal margin. Comparison with the pathologic skeletal series of Ortner and Putschar (( 19811 Smithson. Contrib. Anthropol. 28:180-218), Steinbock ((19761 Paleopathology: Diagnosis and Interpretation, pp. 86-169), and Calvin (( 19641 Bones and Disease: Evidence of Disease and Abnormality in Early Man) indicates that these findings warrant a diagnosis of an advanced stage of Treponematosis. The material from Agripalle, together with similar specimens recovered from the sites of Bhimbetka (Iron Age) and Inamgaon (Chalcolithic), furnish additional evidence supporting the hypothesis of the prehistoric antiquity of treponemal disease in both the New and Old Worlds. o 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Bruce M Rothschild - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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virgin texas Treponematosis associated periosteal reaction 6 millenia in the past
Advances in Anthropology, 2011Co-Authors: Bruce M Rothschild, Christine Rothschild, Glen DoranAbstract:In bioarchaeology, skeletal biology and paleopathology, periosteal reaction has been variably considered as a non-specific sign of trauma and alternatively as having potentially diagnostic implications. Examination of sixth millennium before present Texas cemeteries falsifies the non-specific trauma hypothesis, while examination of a second millennium before present site reveals a new (at least to Texas) population phenomenon. In contrast to isolated bumps and osteomyelitis, the study of periosteal reaction in early Texas is the study of “virgins,” individuals spared the phenomenon that cause such bone alteration. It is only in the second millennium before present that periosteal reaction becomes widespread, both in population penetrance and in extent of skeleton affected. That pattern has previously been documented for the Treponematosis yaws, similar to what has been found in other areas of Archaic North America.
-
unique aspects of west coast Treponematosis
Chungara, 2000Co-Authors: El J Molto, Bruce M Rothschild, Robert J Woods, Christine RothschildAbstract:Skeletal populations from the western coast of North America clearly were afflicted with a treponemal disease very different from that previously documented elsewhere in North America. Six populations from west of the Sierra Cascades were compared with 5 sites east of the Cascades. A high population frequency (both in adults and subadults) of pauci-ostotic, periostitis was noted in the six western skeletal populations, identical to that reported previously with bejel in Negev Bedouins, Sudanese Nubians, and the Kit site from Iraq. Early populations, from east of the Cascades, had a very different polyostotic disease pattern, characteristic of yaws, and identical to that previously reported in Guam. Both patterns were clearly distinguished from syphilis, which appears to be a later development (mutation?). This study provides evidence that the treponematoses were transported to the New World by way of at least two migrations, one bringing yaws; the other, bejel. The population with bejel likely derived from a different population than that with yaws. Given the absence of treponemal disease variation in the very wide spectrum of environments represented by the bejel-afflicted populations, it is clear that environment is not the factor determining disease character. This study expands on animal studies documenting that the individual treponematoses are separate diseases and not simply climate-induced variation.
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PRECONCEIVED NOTIONS AND HYPOTHESIS TESTING: HOLES IN THE BLUE HOLE
Chungara, 2000Co-Authors: Bruce M RothschildAbstract:Reconciling reported frequencies of periosteal reaction has been compromised by variable "criteria" for its recognition. One of the most important aspects of paleopathologic diagnosis is logical consideration of data, while avoiding biases introduced by preconceived notions. Documentation that skeletal manifestations of the treponemal diseases (as a population phenomena) are sufficiently (and reproducibly) distinct would allow meaningful assessment of the course of invasion and spread of treponemal disease in the Western Hemisphere. Quantitative assessment of the nature of osseous impact of specific treponemal diseases has resulted in identification of reproducible discriminating characteristics. The osseous reaction to treponemal infection, although reproducible for each variety, is not uniform among them. Examination of population frequency, demographics, character, and skeletal distribution of osseous treponemal impact provides clear, reproducible clues to the identity of the underlying Treponematosis and help to distinguish them from other periosteal/cortical disorders. Application of the standard for distinguishing among the treponematoses has revealed only four patterns of disease: Those categorized as syphilis, yaws, bejel and a null pattern. The apparently inviolate categorization allows confidence in distinguishing among them.
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treponemal disease revisited skeletal discriminators for yaws bejel and venereal syphilis
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 1995Co-Authors: Bruce M Rothschild, Christine RothschildAbstract:Assigning responsibility for the origins of treponemal disease has been complicated because of the (diagnostic) impreciseness of the historical written record and the inability to microbiologically distinguish among the treponematoses. Bedouin skeletal remains of individuals from the Negev area of Israel who had bejel, skeletons from the Todd human skeleton collection of individuals in whom syphilis was diagnosed, and skeletal remains from Guam of individuals who had yaws were analyzed to quantitatively assess their skeletal damage. The osseous reactions, although reproducible for each variety of treponemal disease, are not uniform among these skeletons. Examination of population frequency, demographics, character, and skeletal distribution of osseous treponemal damage in these skeletal sites provides clear, reproducible clues to the identity of the underlying Treponematosis: bejel and yaws are common (>20% according to skeletal findings) in the population. Syphilis and bejel usually spare the hands and feet. Yaws tends to be more polyostotic. Analysis of these parameters as population phenomena in preColumbian archeological sites should afford the opportunity to define the origins of the various treponemal disorders
