The Experts below are selected from a list of 8343 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
V G Rao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
community based active case finding to reach the most vulnerable tuberculosis in Tribal areas of india
International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2019Co-Authors: A Vyas, V G Rao, Jacob Creswell, Andrew J Codlin, R Stevens, B Kumar, Sunil D Khaparde, Suvanand SahuAbstract:BACKGROUND India has the world's largest indigenous/Tribal Population. Many areas with large Tribal Populations suffer from weak infrastructure and services. Surveys have shown a high prevalence of TB among Saharia communities, who rarely access public services. We evaluated a community-based active TB case-finding intervention. METHODS Community health workers screened people for TB symptoms in Saharia communities, made referrals, collected sputum for transport to laboratories, and initiated and supported anti-tuberculosis treatment. Microscopy testing was performed at government laboratories. The intervention tracked the people screened, referrals, the people tested, laboratory results, treatment initiation and outcomes. RESULTS Community health workers verbally screened 65 230 people, 8723 (13%) of whom had symptoms. Of these, 5600 were tested, 964 (17%) of whom were smear-positive. During the intervention, we observed a +52% increase in people tested at laboratories and an +84% increase in TB case notifications. Pre-treatment loss to follow-up decreased and treatment success increased slightly. CONCLUSIONS In India, particularly among Tribal Populations, many people with TB are missed by current approaches due to poor access. Community-based active case-finding can help identify more people with TB in Tribal and remote rural areas by addressing barriers to health seeking as well as help reach ambitious country and global notification targets. .
-
declining tuberculosis prevalence in saharia a particularly vulnerable Tribal community in central india evidences for action
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2019Co-Authors: V G Rao, Jyothi Bhat, Ravendra K Sharma, Rajeev Yadav, M MuniyandiAbstract:In spite of an alarmingly high tuberculosis (TB) burden amongst the Saharia tribe of central India, there is hardly any study to investigate the impact of DOTS implementation on the magnitude of tuberculosis disease and the changes over time. This article present the findings of TB prevalence surveys conducted amongst this indigenous Population in two different time periods to know the change in the prevalence of TB. A cross sectional survey was conducted among Saharia Population in Shivpuri district, Madhya Pradesh during February 2013 to May 2013 and resurvey during March 2015 to July 2015. All individuals (≥15 years) were examined for chest symptoms suggestive of TB. Sputum samples were collected from all presumptive TB cases and were confirmed by laboratory examination by Ziehl-Neelsen smear microscopy and solid media culture methods. All detected cases were referred to health facility for anti-tuberculosis treatment as per RNTCP guidelines. There was significant reduction (trend Chi square 19.97; OR = 1.521; p = 0.000) in the prevalence of TB at the endline (1995 per 100,000) as compared to baseline (3003 per 100,000). The reduction was significant among males as compared to females (OR 1.55; p = 0.000) and in the age group of 25–34 years (OR 2.0; p = 0.007) and 45–54 years (OR 4.39; p = 0.003). There was significant reduction in the prevalence in both smear (OR 1.29; p = 0.02) and culture positive (OR 1.57; p = 0.000) TB at the endline survey. The study findings highlight a reduction in the prevalence of TB among Saharia Tribal Population. Further studies are needed to identify the factors associated with reduction in prevalence among this Population and also further surveys to monitor the prevalence trend over a period.
-
pulmonary tuberculosis a health problem amongst saharia tribe in madhya pradesh
Indian Journal of Medical Research, 2015Co-Authors: V G Rao, Jyothi Bhat, R S Yadav, M Muniyandi, Ravendra K Sharma, M K BhondeleyAbstract:Tuberculosis (TB) remains the major killer infectious disease affecting adults in developing countries1. It is estimated that about 3.5 million new cases of TB continue to occur each year and about 480,000 people die of this disease annually, most of these in five countries, namely, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Myanmar and Thailand2. India is the highest TB burden country in the world and accounts for one fifth of the world's new TB cases and two thirds of the cases in the South-East Asia region3. Epidemiological information on tuberculosis is vital for planning the control strategies. However, this information amongst the Tribal Populations of the country is limited to a few studies carried out in some Tribal groups4,5,6,7,8. Tribal Population is an underprivileged group of society, often having poor access to the health care delivery systems. Geographical isolation, unique cultural and social practices, lack of formal education and treatment seeking behaviour, poverty, etc. make these Populations vulnerable to several health problems including tuberculosis. Tribal Population constitutes around 8.6 per cent of the total Population of the country and of the total Tribal Population, around 80 per cent is found in central India9. It accounts for about a quarter of the total Population in the State of Madhya Pradesh. There are 46 ethnic groups in the State and three among them have been categorized as particularly vulnerable Tribal groups (PVTGs), earlier called as primitive Tribal groups. The Saharias are one of these three PVTGs. They are mainly located in Gwalior and Chambal divisions of Madhya Pradesh, and literacy rate among Saharia is low at 23.2 per cent10. Tuberculosis has been found to be a major public health problem among Saharias of Sheopur district in Chambal divisions of the State with TB disease prevalence of 1,518 per 100,000 and annual risk of tuberculosis infection (ARTI) of 3.9 per cent11,12. However, no information regarding the TB situation in this Tribal community from Gwalior division of the State is available. This study was carried out to assess the TB disease situation, particularly prevalence of pulmonary TB (PTB) in this PVTG in Gwalior district of Madhya Pradesh.
-
prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis amongst the Tribal Population of madhya pradesh central india
International Journal of Epidemiology, 2009Co-Authors: Jyothi Bhat, V G Rao, P G Gopi, Rajiv Yadav, N Selvakumar, Balkrishna Tiwari, Vijay Gadge, M K Bhondeley, Fraser WaresAbstract:Methods A community-based cross-sectional tuberculosis (TB) disease prevalence survey was undertaken among adults aged 515 years in the Tribal Population of Madhya Pradesh. A multistage stratified cluster sampling was adopted. A representative random sample of villages predominated by Tribal Populations was selected from 11 districts. All eligible individuals were questioned for chest symptoms relating to TB. Sputum samples were collected from all eligible individuals, transported to the laboratory, and examined by Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) smear microscopy and solid media culture methods. Results Of the 23 411 individuals eligible for screening, 22 270 (95.1%) were screened for symptoms. The overall proportion of symptomatic individuals was 7.9%. Overall prevalence (culture and/or smear positive) of PTB was 387 [95% confidence interval (CI): 273–502] per 100 000 Population. The prevalence increased with age and was also significantly higher among males (554/100 000; 95% CI: 415–693) as compared with females (233/100 000; 95% CI: 101–364) (P < 0.001). Conclusion The findings suggest that the TB situation amongst the Tribal Population is not that different from the situation among the non-Tribal Population in the country. However, TB remains a major public health problem amongst the Tribal Population and there is a need to maintain and further strengthen TB control measures on a sustained and long-term basis.
O P Chaurasia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
medicinal plants of cold desert ladakh used in the treatment of stomach disorders
Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 2009Co-Authors: Basant Ballabh, O P ChaurasiaAbstract:The paper deals with 57 plants species belonging to 24 families used in the treatment of stomach disorders by the Boto (the Buddhists) Tribal community of Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir state. Plants parts used in the treatment of stomach disorders along with methods of preparation, dose of administration and duration of treatment is described. The traditional practitioners are called Amchis in Ladakh and the traditional medical system is principally based on Tibetan System of Medicine. The local people of the region still rely on traditional systems of medicine for curing stomach disorders and more than 60% Tribal Population is dependant on herbal remedies.
-
traditional medicinal plants of cold desert ladakh used in treatment of cold cough and fever
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2007Co-Authors: Basant Ballabh, O P ChaurasiaAbstract:This research paper presents the findings of an investigation on traditional remedies of cold, cough and fever among Boto (the Buddhists) Tribal community of Leh-Ladakh region of India. Ladakh is one of the least populated regions of our country where major Population lives in far-flung villages and higher elevations. Health care of Tribal Population is mainly dependent on traditional system of medicine which is popularly known as Amchi system of medicine. The Amchi system is principally based on Tibetan system of medicine. Fifty-six valuable species belonging to 21 families were identified with relevant information and documented in this paper with regard to their botanical name, family, collection number, local name, parts used and utilization by 'Amchis' (herbal practitioners) in treatment of cold, cough and fever.
Jyothi Bhat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
declining tuberculosis prevalence in saharia a particularly vulnerable Tribal community in central india evidences for action
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2019Co-Authors: V G Rao, Jyothi Bhat, Ravendra K Sharma, Rajeev Yadav, M MuniyandiAbstract:In spite of an alarmingly high tuberculosis (TB) burden amongst the Saharia tribe of central India, there is hardly any study to investigate the impact of DOTS implementation on the magnitude of tuberculosis disease and the changes over time. This article present the findings of TB prevalence surveys conducted amongst this indigenous Population in two different time periods to know the change in the prevalence of TB. A cross sectional survey was conducted among Saharia Population in Shivpuri district, Madhya Pradesh during February 2013 to May 2013 and resurvey during March 2015 to July 2015. All individuals (≥15 years) were examined for chest symptoms suggestive of TB. Sputum samples were collected from all presumptive TB cases and were confirmed by laboratory examination by Ziehl-Neelsen smear microscopy and solid media culture methods. All detected cases were referred to health facility for anti-tuberculosis treatment as per RNTCP guidelines. There was significant reduction (trend Chi square 19.97; OR = 1.521; p = 0.000) in the prevalence of TB at the endline (1995 per 100,000) as compared to baseline (3003 per 100,000). The reduction was significant among males as compared to females (OR 1.55; p = 0.000) and in the age group of 25–34 years (OR 2.0; p = 0.007) and 45–54 years (OR 4.39; p = 0.003). There was significant reduction in the prevalence in both smear (OR 1.29; p = 0.02) and culture positive (OR 1.57; p = 0.000) TB at the endline survey. The study findings highlight a reduction in the prevalence of TB among Saharia Tribal Population. Further studies are needed to identify the factors associated with reduction in prevalence among this Population and also further surveys to monitor the prevalence trend over a period.
-
pulmonary tuberculosis a health problem amongst saharia tribe in madhya pradesh
Indian Journal of Medical Research, 2015Co-Authors: V G Rao, Jyothi Bhat, R S Yadav, M Muniyandi, Ravendra K Sharma, M K BhondeleyAbstract:Tuberculosis (TB) remains the major killer infectious disease affecting adults in developing countries1. It is estimated that about 3.5 million new cases of TB continue to occur each year and about 480,000 people die of this disease annually, most of these in five countries, namely, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Myanmar and Thailand2. India is the highest TB burden country in the world and accounts for one fifth of the world's new TB cases and two thirds of the cases in the South-East Asia region3. Epidemiological information on tuberculosis is vital for planning the control strategies. However, this information amongst the Tribal Populations of the country is limited to a few studies carried out in some Tribal groups4,5,6,7,8. Tribal Population is an underprivileged group of society, often having poor access to the health care delivery systems. Geographical isolation, unique cultural and social practices, lack of formal education and treatment seeking behaviour, poverty, etc. make these Populations vulnerable to several health problems including tuberculosis. Tribal Population constitutes around 8.6 per cent of the total Population of the country and of the total Tribal Population, around 80 per cent is found in central India9. It accounts for about a quarter of the total Population in the State of Madhya Pradesh. There are 46 ethnic groups in the State and three among them have been categorized as particularly vulnerable Tribal groups (PVTGs), earlier called as primitive Tribal groups. The Saharias are one of these three PVTGs. They are mainly located in Gwalior and Chambal divisions of Madhya Pradesh, and literacy rate among Saharia is low at 23.2 per cent10. Tuberculosis has been found to be a major public health problem among Saharias of Sheopur district in Chambal divisions of the State with TB disease prevalence of 1,518 per 100,000 and annual risk of tuberculosis infection (ARTI) of 3.9 per cent11,12. However, no information regarding the TB situation in this Tribal community from Gwalior division of the State is available. This study was carried out to assess the TB disease situation, particularly prevalence of pulmonary TB (PTB) in this PVTG in Gwalior district of Madhya Pradesh.
-
prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis amongst the Tribal Population of madhya pradesh central india
International Journal of Epidemiology, 2009Co-Authors: Jyothi Bhat, V G Rao, P G Gopi, Rajiv Yadav, N Selvakumar, Balkrishna Tiwari, Vijay Gadge, M K Bhondeley, Fraser WaresAbstract:Methods A community-based cross-sectional tuberculosis (TB) disease prevalence survey was undertaken among adults aged 515 years in the Tribal Population of Madhya Pradesh. A multistage stratified cluster sampling was adopted. A representative random sample of villages predominated by Tribal Populations was selected from 11 districts. All eligible individuals were questioned for chest symptoms relating to TB. Sputum samples were collected from all eligible individuals, transported to the laboratory, and examined by Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) smear microscopy and solid media culture methods. Results Of the 23 411 individuals eligible for screening, 22 270 (95.1%) were screened for symptoms. The overall proportion of symptomatic individuals was 7.9%. Overall prevalence (culture and/or smear positive) of PTB was 387 [95% confidence interval (CI): 273–502] per 100 000 Population. The prevalence increased with age and was also significantly higher among males (554/100 000; 95% CI: 415–693) as compared with females (233/100 000; 95% CI: 101–364) (P < 0.001). Conclusion The findings suggest that the TB situation amongst the Tribal Population is not that different from the situation among the non-Tribal Population in the country. However, TB remains a major public health problem amongst the Tribal Population and there is a need to maintain and further strengthen TB control measures on a sustained and long-term basis.
Vishav Chander - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
is dementia differentially distributed a study on the prevalence of dementia in migrant urban rural and Tribal elderly Population of himalayan region in northern india
North American Journal of Medical Sciences, 2014Co-Authors: Sunil Kumar Raina, Sujeet Raina, Vishav Chander, Ashoo Grover, Sukhjit Singh, Ashok Kumar BhardwajAbstract:Background: Throughout the world, a large number of surveys have been carried out to find the prevalence of dementia with variable results. Aims: This study was to generate data on the prevalence of dementia and to generate a hypothesis on the differential distribution across Populations. Materials and Methods: Four settings identified for the purpose of this study included a migrant, urban, rural, and Tribal. The study was conducted in two phases: 1) A screening phase and 2) a clinical phase, on 2,000 individuals above 60 years of age. To complete the required sample of 2,000 elderly individuals, 500 individuals were approached from each site. Nobody refused to participate. Results: A total of 32/2,000 (1.6%) elderly individuals were classified as demented. No case of dementia was reported from Tribal Population. A look at sex differential reveals that majority (21/32; 66%) of individuals identified as demented were females. As age advanced scores on cognitive screen decreased with elders above 80 years of age showing lowest scores. Out of 32, 18 (56%) of patients classified as demented were more than 80 years of age. Conclusion: The findings of this study are in agreement with previous studies which point towards differential distribution of dementia across Populations.
-
community based assessment of biochemical risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in rural and Tribal area of himalayan region india
Biochemistry Research International, 2013Co-Authors: Ashok Kumar Bhardwaj, Sunil Kumar Raina, Dinesh Kumar, Pradeep Bansal, Satya Bhushan, Vishav ChanderAbstract:Context. Evident change in nutrition and lifestyle among individuals of urban and rural areas raises suspicion for similar change in Tribal area Population of India. Aim. To study the biochemical risk factor for CVDs in rural and Tribal Population of Sub-Himalayan state of India. Settings and Design. Cross-sectional study in rural (low altitude) and Tribal (high altitude) area of Himachal Pradesh, India. Methodology. Blood lipid profile using standard laboratory methods. Statistical Analysis. Chi-square test and multiple linear regression analysis. Results. Total of 900 individuals were studied in both areas. As per Asian criteria, obesity (BMI 27.5–30.0 kg/m2) was observed to be significantly high () as 13.7% in Tribal area as compared to 5.5% in rural area. Normal level of TC (<200 mg/dL) and LDL (<130 mg/dL) was observed in the majority of the Population of both areas, whereas, at risk level of HDL (<40 mg/dL) was present in half of the Population of both rural and Tribal areas. The prevalence of borderline to high level of TGs was observed to be 60.2% and 55.2% in rural and Tribal () area, respectively. Conclusion. Prevalent abnormal lipid profile in Tribal area demands establishment of an effective surveillance system for development of chronic diseases.
Praveen K Bharti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
diagnostic and prognostic utility of an inexpensive rapid on site malaria diagnostic test parahit f among ethnic Tribal Population in areas of high low and no transmission in central india
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2005Co-Authors: Neeru Singh, A K Mishra, M M Shukla, S K Chand, Praveen K BhartiAbstract:Background Malaria presents a diagnostic challenge in most tropical countries. Rapid detection of the malaria parasite and early treatment of infection still remain the most important goals of disease management. Therefore, performance characteristics of the new indigenous ParaHIT f test (Span diagnostic Ltd, Surat, India) was determined among ethnic Tribal Population in four districts of different transmission potential in central India to assess whether this rapid diagnostic test (RDT) could be widely applied as a diagnostic tool to control malaria. Beyond diagnosis, the logical utilization of RDTs is to monitor treatment outcome.
-
diagnostic and prognostic utility of an inexpensive rapid on site malaria diagnostic test parahit f among ethnic Tribal Population in areas of high low and no transmission in central india
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2005Co-Authors: Neeru Singh, A K Mishra, M M Shukla, S K Chand, Praveen K BhartiAbstract:Malaria presents a diagnostic challenge in most tropical countries. Rapid detection of the malaria parasite and early treatment of infection still remain the most important goals of disease management. Therefore, performance characteristics of the new indigenous ParaHIT f test (Span diagnostic Ltd, Surat, India) was determined among ethnic Tribal Population in four districts of different transmission potential in central India to assess whether this rapid diagnostic test (RDT) could be widely applied as a diagnostic tool to control malaria. Beyond diagnosis, the logical utilization of RDTs is to monitor treatment outcome. A finger prick blood sample was collected from each clinically suspected case of malaria to prepare blood smear and for testing with the RDT after taking informed consent. The blood smears were read by an experienced technician blinded to the RDT results and clinical status of the subjects. The figures for specificity, sensitivity, accuracy and predictive values were calculated using microscopy as gold standard. The prevalence of malaria infection estimated by RDT in parallel with microscopy provide evidence of the type of high, low or no transmission in the study area. Analysis revealed (pooled data of all four epidemiological settings) that overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the RDT were >90% in areas of different endemicity. While, RDT is useful to confirm the diagnosis of new symptomatic cases of suspected P. falciparum infection, the persistence of parasite antigen leading to false positives even after clearance of asexual parasitaemia has limited its utility as a prognostic tool. The study showed that the ParaHIT f test was easy to use, reliable and cheap. Thus this RDT is an appropriate test for the use in the field by paramedical staff when laboratory facilities are not available and thus likely to contribute greatly to an effective control of malaria in resource poor countries.
