The Experts below are selected from a list of 42 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Axel A Brakhage - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • comparative genome analysis of Trichophyton rubrum and related dermatophytes reveals candidate genes involved in infection
    Mbio, 2012
    Co-Authors: Diego Martinez, Brian G Oliver, Yvonne Graser, Jonathan M Goldberg, Nilce Maria Martinezrossi, Michel Monod, Ekaterina Shelest, Richard C Barton, Elizabeth Birch, Axel A Brakhage
    Abstract:

    The major cause of athlete's foot is Trichophyton rubrum, a dermatophyte or fungal pathogen of human skin. To facilitate molecular analyses of the dermatophytes, we sequenced T. rubrum and four related species, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton Equinum, Microsporum canis, and Microsporum gypseum. These species differ in host range, mating, and disease progression. The dermatophyte genomes are highly colinear yet contain gene family expansions not found in other human-associated fungi. Dermatophyte genomes are enriched for gene families containing the LysM domain, which binds chitin and potentially related carbohydrates. These LysM domains differ in sequence from those in other species in regions of the peptide that could affect substrate binding. The dermatophytes also encode novel sets of fungus-specific kinases with unknown specificity, including nonfunctional pseudokinases, which may inhibit phosphorylation by competing for kinase sites within substrates, acting as allosteric effectors, or acting as scaffolds for signaling. The dermatophytes are also enriched for a large number of enzymes that synthesize secondary metabolites, including dermatophyte-specific genes that could synthesize novel compounds. Finally, dermatophytes are enriched in several classes of proteases that are necessary for fungal growth and nutrient acquisition on keratinized tissues. Despite differences in mating ability, genes involved in mating and meiosis are conserved across species, suggesting the possibility of cryptic mating in species where it has not been previously detected. These genome analyses identify gene families that are important to our understanding of how dermatophytes cause chronic infections, how they interact with epithelial cells, and how they respond to the host immune response.

Ali Rezaeimatehkolaei - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • discrimination of Trichophyton tonsurans and Trichophyton Equinum by pcr rflp and by β tubulin and translation elongation factor 1 α sequencing
    Medical Mycology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Ali Rezaeimatehkolaei, Koichi Makimura, Sybren G De Hoog, Mohammad Reza Shidfar, Kazuo Satoh, Mohammad Javad Najafzadeh, Hossein Mirhendi
    Abstract:

    Trichophyton tonsurans and T. Equinum are two closely related sister species of dermatophytes, but differ in their preferred hosts, i.e., humans or horses, respectively. Routine procedures for their identification depend on studies of their phenotypic, physiological and biochemical characteristics, which are laborious and may yield ambiguous results. Molecular methods using rDNA ITS also had been judged to be insufficiently discriminatory. In the present study two genetic markers were sequenced in addition to the ITS region, i.e., partial β-tubulin (BT2) and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1). The TEF1 locus revealed a consistent differences in a 13 bp indel and an additional SNP between the two species, along with a single base substitution in BT2 and one ITS1, enabling unambiguous distinction of the two taxa. RFLP targeting the ITS region was evaluated as a potential tool for routine screening of suspected isolates of T. tonsurans and T. Equinum.

Hossein Mirhendi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • discrimination of Trichophyton tonsurans and Trichophyton Equinum by pcr rflp and by β tubulin and translation elongation factor 1 α sequencing
    Medical Mycology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Ali Rezaeimatehkolaei, Koichi Makimura, Sybren G De Hoog, Mohammad Reza Shidfar, Kazuo Satoh, Mohammad Javad Najafzadeh, Hossein Mirhendi
    Abstract:

    Trichophyton tonsurans and T. Equinum are two closely related sister species of dermatophytes, but differ in their preferred hosts, i.e., humans or horses, respectively. Routine procedures for their identification depend on studies of their phenotypic, physiological and biochemical characteristics, which are laborious and may yield ambiguous results. Molecular methods using rDNA ITS also had been judged to be insufficiently discriminatory. In the present study two genetic markers were sequenced in addition to the ITS region, i.e., partial β-tubulin (BT2) and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1). The TEF1 locus revealed a consistent differences in a 13 bp indel and an additional SNP between the two species, along with a single base substitution in BT2 and one ITS1, enabling unambiguous distinction of the two taxa. RFLP targeting the ITS region was evaluated as a potential tool for routine screening of suspected isolates of T. tonsurans and T. Equinum.

S C Agrawal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • growth responses of keratinophilic fungi to some volatile substances
    Mycoses, 2009
    Co-Authors: K V Singh, S C Agrawal
    Abstract:

    Summary: The sensitivity of four soil fungi i. e. Chrysosporium crassitunicatum, Nannizzia fulva (+), Nannizzia fulva (-) and Trichophyton Equinum to eight volatile substances was determined on the basis of their mycelial dry weight and sporulation. Maximum growth stimulation (43.7%) of C. crassitunicatum was recorded in ethylacetate saturated atmosphere. Ethyl alcohol, isopropanol and glacial acetic acid were not found much effective against this fungus. Vapours emanating from ethyl alcohol, benzene, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, isopropanol and glacial acetic acid showed a remarkable decrease in the vegetative growth of N. fulva (+), N. fulva (-) and T. Equinum. Chloroform vapours were found to be highly toxic for the mycelial growth and also for sporulation in all the test fungi. Formaldehyde saturated atmosphere seemed to be very toxic for sporulation and also for the mycelial growth of N. fulva (+) and N. fulva (-). Zusammenfassung: Die Empfindlichkeit von vier keratinophilen Pilzen (Chrysosporium crassitunicatum, Nannizzia fulva (+), Nannizzia fulva (-) und Trichophyton Equinum) gegen 8 fluchtige Substanzen wurde durch Messung des Trockengewichtes und Beurteilung der Sporulation untersucht. Die groste Stimulation konnte bei C. crassitunicatum in Athylacetatatmosphare beobachtet werden (43,7%). Athylalkohol, Isopropanol und Eis-Essig wirkten auf diesen Pilz kaum. Dampfe von Athylalkohol, Benzol, Athylacetat, N-Butanol, Isopropanol und Eis-Essig zeigten eine bemerkenswerte Hemmung des vegetativen Wachstums bei N. fulva (+), N. fulva (-) und T. Equinum. Chloroformdampfe waren stark toxisch fur alle getesteten Pilze. Gesattigte Formalindampfe waren stark toxisch fur die Sporulation und das myceliale Wachstum von N. fulva (+) und N. fulva (-).

Diego Martinez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • comparative genome analysis of Trichophyton rubrum and related dermatophytes reveals candidate genes involved in infection
    Mbio, 2012
    Co-Authors: Diego Martinez, Brian G Oliver, Yvonne Graser, Jonathan M Goldberg, Nilce Maria Martinezrossi, Michel Monod, Ekaterina Shelest, Richard C Barton, Elizabeth Birch, Axel A Brakhage
    Abstract:

    The major cause of athlete's foot is Trichophyton rubrum, a dermatophyte or fungal pathogen of human skin. To facilitate molecular analyses of the dermatophytes, we sequenced T. rubrum and four related species, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton Equinum, Microsporum canis, and Microsporum gypseum. These species differ in host range, mating, and disease progression. The dermatophyte genomes are highly colinear yet contain gene family expansions not found in other human-associated fungi. Dermatophyte genomes are enriched for gene families containing the LysM domain, which binds chitin and potentially related carbohydrates. These LysM domains differ in sequence from those in other species in regions of the peptide that could affect substrate binding. The dermatophytes also encode novel sets of fungus-specific kinases with unknown specificity, including nonfunctional pseudokinases, which may inhibit phosphorylation by competing for kinase sites within substrates, acting as allosteric effectors, or acting as scaffolds for signaling. The dermatophytes are also enriched for a large number of enzymes that synthesize secondary metabolites, including dermatophyte-specific genes that could synthesize novel compounds. Finally, dermatophytes are enriched in several classes of proteases that are necessary for fungal growth and nutrient acquisition on keratinized tissues. Despite differences in mating ability, genes involved in mating and meiosis are conserved across species, suggesting the possibility of cryptic mating in species where it has not been previously detected. These genome analyses identify gene families that are important to our understanding of how dermatophytes cause chronic infections, how they interact with epithelial cells, and how they respond to the host immune response.