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C R Wilks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Virus and virus-like particles observed in the intestinal contents of the possum,Trichosurus vulpecula
Archives of Virology, 1996Co-Authors: M. Rice, C R WilksAbstract:Intestinal contents derived from the Australian brush-tailed possum, Trichosurus vulpecula , were examined by negative stain electron microscopy for the presence of viruses. Out of 100 samples, 23 contained at least one type of vertebrate virus or virus-like particle. Adenovirus was identified in six samples, herpesvirus in two samples, coronavirus in four samples, and coronavirus-like particles in 14 samples. To date no viruses of the brush-tailed possum have been isolated in tissue culture but these results indicate that this species is probably host to several viral species.
M. Rice - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Virus and virus-like particles observed in the intestinal contents of the possum,Trichosurus vulpecula
Archives of Virology, 1996Co-Authors: M. Rice, C R WilksAbstract:Intestinal contents derived from the Australian brush-tailed possum, Trichosurus vulpecula , were examined by negative stain electron microscopy for the presence of viruses. Out of 100 samples, 23 contained at least one type of vertebrate virus or virus-like particle. Adenovirus was identified in six samples, herpesvirus in two samples, coronavirus in four samples, and coronavirus-like particles in 14 samples. To date no viruses of the brush-tailed possum have been isolated in tissue culture but these results indicate that this species is probably host to several viral species.
Bryce M. Buddle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Conjunctival vaccination of the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) with bacille Calmette-Guérin
New Zealand veterinary journal, 2005Co-Authors: Leigh A. L. Corner, Bryce M. BuddleAbstract:Abstract AIM: To determine the efficacy of conjunctival vaccination of captive brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) with bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), as measured by immunological responses to vaccination and response to intratracheal challenge with Mycobacterium bovis. METHODS: Nine adult male brushtail possums were vaccinated by the instillation of a suspension of BCG strain Pasteur 1173P2 into the conjunctival sac of each eye. Each drop contained approximately 2.5 × 105 colony forming units (cfu). At 8 weeks post-vaccination (pv) the vaccinated possums and 10 unvaccinated possums were challenged by intratracheal instillation of approximately 100 cfu of M. bovis. Cellular immune responses to bovine purified protein derivative (PPD) antigen were measured using the lymphocyte proliferation assay (LPA). Possums surviving to 50–51 days after challenge were euth anised and subjected to detailed post-mortem examination, including histopathology, to assess protection against tuberculosis. Sections of lun...
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Experimental infection of brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) with Mycobacterium bovis by conjunctival instillation.
Veterinary journal (London England : 1997), 2003Co-Authors: Leigh A. L. Corner, Bryce M. Buddle, R S MorrisAbstract:Abstract In New Zealand, the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) is the major wildlife reservoir of Mycobacterium bovis. Procedures for experimentally infecting possums are required to study the pathogenesis of the disease and to challenge possums in vaccine efficacy studies. Conjunctival instillation of a suspension of M. bovis was effective in producing bovine tuberculosis in captive possums. The experimental disease progressed slowly with the development of palpable lesions in superficial lymph node lesions, both characteristics of the disease in wild, naturally infected possums. At necropsy there was widespread distribution of macroscopic and microscopic lesions. The proportion of possums that became diseased, the rate of development and severity of lesions, the severity of clinical signs, all increased when the dose of M. bovis was increased. Of the three doses used, the medium dose (1000–2000 colony forming units) produced the disease with the most desired characteristics. As a procedure for exposing possums to infection with M . bovis the conjunctival route has advantages in that it is simple and safe to perform, and possums need only to be sedated for infection.
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natural transmission of mycobacterium bovis infection in captive brushtail possums Trichosurus vulpecula
New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 2002Co-Authors: L A Corner, D U Pfeiffer, G W De Lisle, R S Morris, Bryce M. BuddleAbstract:Abstract AIMS: To examine natural transmission of bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis infection) in captive brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) and to determine if this mode of transmission could be employed to challenge possums in vaccination studies. METHODS: Three experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, 11 pairs of possums were housed together in cages, one of the pair having been experimentally infected with M. bovis. Of the in-contact possums 5/11 had been vaccinated with bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG). In Experiment 2, three susceptible possums were placed in a colony of 19 possums that had been experimentally infected with M. bovis. In Experiment 3, the four most socially active possums in each of two colonies (24 possums in one colony and 23 in the other) were experimentally infected with M. bovis, and 10 of the remaining possums in each colony were vaccinated with BCG. RESULTS: In Experiment 1, transmission of M. bovis infection occurred in only 1/11 pairs. In Experiment 2, none of...
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Purification of secretory immunoglobulin A from milk of the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula).
New Zealand veterinary journal, 2001Co-Authors: Elizabeth E Doolin, Rg Midwinter, A.r Mccarthy, Bryce M. BuddleAbstract:Abstract AIM: To identify and purify secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), a key effecter molecule in mucosal immune responses, from milk of the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula). METHODS: Milk samples were collected from female possums with pouch young, and clarified by centrifugation and precipitation methods. The clarified fraction was purified by gel filtration and affinity chromatography to yield sIgA. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting techniques were used to assess the purity of the final product, and to identify the heavy (H) chain, light (L) chain and secretory component (SC) of possum sIgA. RESULTS: Immunoblotting, using antibodies raised against cloned possum sIgA SC and H-chain, and a synthetic peptide fragment of the H-chain, confirmed the identity of the purified protein. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of purified possum sIgA showed strong homology to reported sequences of H-chain variable regions of marsupial immunoglobulins. CON...
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Molecular cloning and characterization of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) from the Australian common brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula
Immunology and cell biology, 1996Co-Authors: D. Neil Wedlock, Frank E. Aldwell, Bryce M. BuddleAbstract:Molecular cloning and characterization of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) from the Australian common brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula
Desmond W. Cooper - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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leptospirosis serology in the common brushtail possum Trichosurus vulpecula from urban sydney australia
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 2007Co-Authors: Jutta Eymann, Desmond W. Cooper, Catherine A. Herbert, Lee Smythe, Meegan L Symonds, Michael F Dohnt, Leonie J BarnettAbstract:The common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) is indeed a common marsupial in major cities of Australia. This species is known to be susceptible to leptospirosis and often lives in close contact with humans, raising concerns about the potential for transmission of this disease in urban areas. A total of 192 brushtail possum blood samples were collected from 136 individuals in suburban areas of metropolitan Sydney from November 2002 to November 2004. Sera were screened against a reference panel of 21 Leptospira spp. using the microscopic agglutination test. Leptospiral antibodies were detected in 9.6% (13/136) of tested brushtail possums and represented two serovars; antibodies to Leptospira interrogans serovar Hardjo were most frequently identified (11/136). A representative of the exotic serogroup Ballum, most likely serovar Arborea, was found in two of 136 brushtail possums. Exposure to leptospirosis seemed to be associated with age, as older animals had a higher incidence, but there was no distin...
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Surprise in the pouch – a case of adoption in the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)
Australian Mammalogy, 2007Co-Authors: Jutta Eymann, Desmond W. Cooper, Linda E. Neaves, Mark D. B. Eldridge, Catherine A. HerbertAbstract:The common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) is usually a strictly monotocous species, presenting one offspring at a time. Two concurrent offspring is a rare occurrence, but twin pouch young or young spaced one oestrous cycle apart have been reported. We investigated the biology of urban T. vulpecula populations within the Sydney metropolitan area between November 2002 and April 2005. As part of these studies, we trapped one adult female T. vulpecula with two young. Analysis of morphological data from the young and development of the female?s mammary gland suggest that only one young was her offspring. The results of genetic analysis support this conclusion. Herewith, we describe an apparent case of adoption in T. vulpecula.
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Characterisation of antisera to recombinant IgA of the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula).
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology, 2002Co-Authors: Renée R Rawson, Katherine Belov, A.angus Gidley-baird, Desmond W. CooperAbstract:Abstract One of the limiting factors in understanding immune responses in marsupials is the scarcity of marsupial specific immunological reagents. This paper describes the characterisation of an antiserum raised against a recombinant protein of the constant region of the heavy chain of IgA (Cα) of the common brushtail possum ( Trichosurus vulpecula ). The availability of a marsupial specific anti-IgA provides a useful tool for the characterisation of mucosal immune responses in possums. Anti-Cα specifically detects IgA in possum serum and secretions using ELISAs, immuno-dot blots and Western blots without any cross-reactivity to IgG. The possum anti-Cα cross-reacts with IgA of koala ( Phascolarctos cinereus ), tammar wallaby ( Macropus eugenii ) and eastern grey kangaroo ( Macropus giganteus ), demonstrating the potential for use in other marsupials
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Ontogeny of immunoglobulin expression in the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula).
Developmental and comparative immunology, 2002Co-Authors: Katherine Belov, Mai-anh T Nguyen, Kyall R. Zenger, Desmond W. CooperAbstract:Marsupials, unlike eutherians, are born immunologically immature, without circulating lymphocytes or organised lymphoid tissue. Their immune response develops while they are in the pouch not in the uterus. In this study, the onset time of immunoglobulin expression in Trichosurus vulpecula pouch young was estimated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. As in eutherian species, IgM heavy chain transcripts were detected first, at day 10 post partum. The first switched transcript, detected at day 18, was Calpha. Cgamma and Cvarepsilon transcripts were not present at day 72, but were seen at day 103, approximately corresponding to the time of release of the teat and exposure to new antigens, as well as the time of the loss of capacity to absorb maternal Igs through the gut.
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Characterisation of the κ light chain of the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 2001Co-Authors: Katherine Belov, Gavan A. Harrison, Robert D. Miller, Desmond W. CooperAbstract:Two full length cDNA sequences encoding the kappa light chain of the Australian marsupial, Trichosurus vulpecula, the brushtail possum, were isolated from a mesenteric lymph node cDNA library. The constant regions (Ckappa) of the two light chains were identical, but the variable (Vkappa) and joining (Jkappa) regions were different. At the amino acid level, possum Ckappa was most similar to Ckappa of an American marsupial, Monodelphis domestica (75%), with similarity to eutherian Ckappa ranging from 47 to 63%. The availability of molecular data will enable the development of immunological reagents for studying immune responses and disease in marsupials, thereby aiding conservation strategies and veterinary medicine.
Katherine Belov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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molecular identification of interleukin 2 in the lymphoid tissues of the common brushtail possum Trichosurus vulpecula
Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 2012Co-Authors: Lauren J Young, Martin L Cross, Janine A Duckworth, Sabine Flenady, Katherine BelovAbstract:The common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) is an Australian marsupial. Here we describe the identification of possum interleukin-2 in mitogen-stimulated lymph node cells. We used a strategy of Rapid amplification of cDNA ends using probes designed from recently-sequenced marsupial genomes to identify the IL2 gene and then confirmed that IL-2 expression in possum immune tissue occurs in a similar manner to that in their eutherian counterparts. The predictive possum IL-2 peptide showed 28% and 35% amino acid sequence homology with the mouse and human IL-2 molecules, respectively, consistent with the divergence found within this cytokine family. Despite this low sequence identity, possum IL-2 still possessed the characteristic hallmarks of mammalian IL-2, such as a predicted signal peptide and conserved family motifs.
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Characterisation of antisera to recombinant IgA of the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula).
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology, 2002Co-Authors: Renée R Rawson, Katherine Belov, A.angus Gidley-baird, Desmond W. CooperAbstract:Abstract One of the limiting factors in understanding immune responses in marsupials is the scarcity of marsupial specific immunological reagents. This paper describes the characterisation of an antiserum raised against a recombinant protein of the constant region of the heavy chain of IgA (Cα) of the common brushtail possum ( Trichosurus vulpecula ). The availability of a marsupial specific anti-IgA provides a useful tool for the characterisation of mucosal immune responses in possums. Anti-Cα specifically detects IgA in possum serum and secretions using ELISAs, immuno-dot blots and Western blots without any cross-reactivity to IgG. The possum anti-Cα cross-reacts with IgA of koala ( Phascolarctos cinereus ), tammar wallaby ( Macropus eugenii ) and eastern grey kangaroo ( Macropus giganteus ), demonstrating the potential for use in other marsupials
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Ontogeny of immunoglobulin expression in the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula).
Developmental and comparative immunology, 2002Co-Authors: Katherine Belov, Mai-anh T Nguyen, Kyall R. Zenger, Desmond W. CooperAbstract:Marsupials, unlike eutherians, are born immunologically immature, without circulating lymphocytes or organised lymphoid tissue. Their immune response develops while they are in the pouch not in the uterus. In this study, the onset time of immunoglobulin expression in Trichosurus vulpecula pouch young was estimated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. As in eutherian species, IgM heavy chain transcripts were detected first, at day 10 post partum. The first switched transcript, detected at day 18, was Calpha. Cgamma and Cvarepsilon transcripts were not present at day 72, but were seen at day 103, approximately corresponding to the time of release of the teat and exposure to new antigens, as well as the time of the loss of capacity to absorb maternal Igs through the gut.
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Characterisation of the κ light chain of the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 2001Co-Authors: Katherine Belov, Gavan A. Harrison, Robert D. Miller, Desmond W. CooperAbstract:Two full length cDNA sequences encoding the kappa light chain of the Australian marsupial, Trichosurus vulpecula, the brushtail possum, were isolated from a mesenteric lymph node cDNA library. The constant regions (Ckappa) of the two light chains were identical, but the variable (Vkappa) and joining (Jkappa) regions were different. At the amino acid level, possum Ckappa was most similar to Ckappa of an American marsupial, Monodelphis domestica (75%), with similarity to eutherian Ckappa ranging from 47 to 63%. The availability of molecular data will enable the development of immunological reagents for studying immune responses and disease in marsupials, thereby aiding conservation strategies and veterinary medicine.
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Characterisation of the kappa light chain of the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula).
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology, 2001Co-Authors: Katherine Belov, Gavan A. Harrison, Robert D. Miller, Desmond W. CooperAbstract:Two full length cDNA sequences encoding the kappa light chain of the Australian marsupial, Trichosurus vulpecula, the brushtail possum, were isolated from a mesenteric lymph node cDNA library. The constant regions (Ckappa) of the two light chains were identical, but the variable (Vkappa) and joining (Jkappa) regions were different. At the amino acid level, possum Ckappa was most similar to Ckappa of an American marsupial, Monodelphis domestica (75%), with similarity to eutherian Ckappa ranging from 47 to 63%. The availability of molecular data will enable the development of immunological reagents for studying immune responses and disease in marsupials, thereby aiding conservation strategies and veterinary medicine.
