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Andrea Brandolini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Morpho-physiological and qualitative variation of domesticated einkorn (Triticum monococcum L. ssp. monococcum)
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2020Co-Authors: A. Volante, Alyssa Hidalgo, V.a. Yilmaz, Andrea BrandoliniAbstract:A pool of 158 Triticum monococcum L. ssp. monococcum accessions, originating from different traditional cropping areas and representative of the einkorn germplasm collection maintained at Sant’Angelo Lodigiano, was characterised for 20 morpho-physiological and qualitative descriptors. The accessions were grown for 4 years in two different Po plain (Italy) locations. The traits analysed were growth habit, awn length, glume colour and hairiness, rachis brittleness, heading date, plant height, spike length, n° spikelets/spike, spikelet density, n° kernels/spikelet, kernel length, width, thickness and volume, thousand kernels weight, protein and carotenoid content, sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation volume and specific sedimentation volume. A broad variation for all the traits studied was detected and promising accessions for breeding purposes were identified. Several characteristics showed a clear region-specific pattern: the samples tracing their origin to warmer climates were earlier-maturing, taller, had shorter spikes, fewer spikelet/spike, bigger kernels and lower protein content than those from cooler regions. A Principal Components Analysis highlighted the existence of two clusters composed mainly of Maghreb/Iberia and of Prealpine genotypes, whose peculiar characteristics are most likely a consequence of adaptation, by natural selection or by human practices and ingenuity, to their growing environments.
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a high resolution einkorn Triticum monococcum l linkage map involving wild domesticated and feral einkorn genotypes
Plant Breeding, 2018Co-Authors: Rosanna Marino, Andrea Brandolini, A. Volante, Manfred HeunAbstract:A high‐resolution consensus linkage map of Triticum monococcum was assembled from two separate maps involving domesticated, feral and wild einkorn wheat accessions. The genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) approach based on DArTseq markers yielded overstretched maps. Deleting all markers with missing data and then converting dubious singletons to missing data produced two maps of about 1,380 cM, close to the published genome size. The consensus map spanned 1,562 cM, had one bin mapped every 0.92 cM and showed only one gap > 10 cM. Chromosome length varied between 151 cM (chromosome 4) and 270 cM (chromosome 7). The consensus map was compared to other A‐genome maps, and the sequences of genetically mapped DArTseq were used to anchor contigs of the T. monococcum, T. urartu and T. aestivum draft genomes based on sequence homology to assess colinearity and to assign mapped markers to the seven chromosomes of the bread wheat A‐genome. Finally, an in silico functional characterization of the sequences was performed. This high‐resolution map will facilitate QTL and association analysis and assist the genome assembly of the einkorn genome.
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Nutritional properties of einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L.)
Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2013Co-Authors: Alyssa Hidalgo, Andrea BrandoliniAbstract:The hulled wheat einkorn (Triticum monococcum L. ssp. monococcum), a staple food of early farmers for many thousand years, today is cropped only in small areas of the Mediterranean region and continental Europe. Increasing attention to the nutritional quality of foods has fostered renewed interest in this low-impact crop. The reappraisal of einkorn quality evidenced that this ancient wheat has some dietary advantages over polyploid wheats. Einkorn wholemeal is poor in dietary fibre but rich in proteins, lipids (mostly unsaturated fatty acids), fructans and trace elements (including zinc and iron). The good concentration of several antioxidant compounds (carotenoids, tocols, conjugated polyphenols, alkylresorcinols and phytosterols) and low β-amylase and lipoxygenase activities (which limit antioxidant degradation during food processing) contribute to the excellent nutritional properties of its flour, superior to those of other wheats. Conversely, einkorn has relatively low bound polyphenol content and high polyphenol oxidase activity. In spite of eliciting weaker toxic reactions than other Triticum species, einkorn is not suitable for coeliacs. Current trends towards the consumption of functional foods suggest that this cereal may still play a significant role in human consumption, especially in the development of new or special foods with superior nutritional quality.
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Lipoxygenase activity in wholemeal flours from Triticum monococcum, Triticum turgidum and Triticum aestivum
Food Chemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Alyssa Hidalgo, Andrea BrandoliniAbstract:Abstract To minimise lipid oxidation and maintain high carotenoid and tocol concentrations in wheat flours and products, fifty-seven accessions, belonging to different Triticum species ( Triticum monococcum , Triticum turgidum and Triticum aestivum ), were assessed for lipoxygenase activity. The highest enzymatic activity was observed in T. aestivum (8.02 ± 0.492 μmol/min/g DM), followed by T. turgidum (3.48 ± 0.701) and by T. monococcum (0.45 ± 0.072). While the lipoxygenase was consistently high amongst T. aestivum and steadily low amongst T. monococcum samples, the T. turgidum accessions clustered in three different groups, with low (0.12–0.91 μmol/min/g DM), medium (3.10–4.17) and high (5.57–9.51) activity. Enzymatic activity was maximum in the pH range 5–6. LOX activity was higher in the germ (206 μmol/min/g DM), than in the bran (13.4) or in the endosperm (3.1). The results demonstrate that the selection of genotypes with low LOX, a factor limiting oxidative degradation, is feasible.
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Impact of genetic and environmental factors on einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L. subsp. monococcum) polysaccharides
Journal of Cereal Science, 2011Co-Authors: Andrea Brandolini, Alyssa Hidalgo, Luca Plizzari, Daniela ErbaAbstract:To evaluate the effect of genotype, year and location on 1000 kernel weight, falling number, alpha- and beta-amylase activity, pasting properties, β-glucan, fructan, total starch, amylose, resistant starch and dietary fibre contents of wholemeal flour, four einkorns and one control bread wheat were cropped in Italy for two years in four different locations. Year and genotype exerted major effects on most traits, while location was not important. All einkorns showed greater fructan (on average, 1.90 vs 1.29 g/100 g dm, respectively) and lower β-glucan (0.48 vs 0.84), total starch (59.6 vs 67.9), resistant starch (2.56 vs 5.52) and dietary fibre (16.7 vs 21.5) content than the bread wheat control. The significant variation for fructan content among the four Triticum monococcum genotypes assessed indicates the possibility of breeding einkorn lines with high prebiotic activity.
Riccardo Troncone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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extensive in vitro gastrointestinal digestion markedly reduces the immune toxicity of Triticum monococcum wheat implication for celiac disease
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 2015Co-Authors: Carmen Gianfrani, Alessandra Camarca, Giuseppe Mazzarella, Luigia Di Stasio, Nicola Giardullo, Pasquale Ferranti, Gianluca Picariello, Vera Rotondi Aufiero, Stefania Picascia, Riccardo TronconeAbstract:cope The ancient diploid Triticum monococcum is of special interest as a candidate low-toxic wheat species for celiac disease patients. Here, we investigated how an in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion, affected the immune toxic properties of gliadin from diploid compared to hexaploid wheat. Methods and results Gliadins from Triticum monococcum, and Triticum aestivum cultivars were digested using either a partial proteolysis with pepsin-chymotrypsin, or an extensive degradation that used gastrointestinal enzymes including the brush border membrane enzymes. The immune stimulatory properties of the digested samples were investigated on T-cell lines and jejunal biopsies from celiac disease patients. The T-cell response profile to the Triticum monococcum gliadin was comparable to that obtained with Triticum aestivum gliadin after the partial pepsin-chymotrypsin digestion. In contrast, the extensive gastrointestinal hydrolysis drastically reduced the immune stimulatory properties of Triticum monococcum gliadin. MS-based analysis showed that several Triticum monococcum peptides, including known T-cell epitopes, were degraded during the gastrointestinal treatment, whereas many of Triticum aestivum gliadin survived the gastrointestinal digestion. Conclusion The pattern of Triticum monococcum gliadin proteins is sufficiently different from those of common hexaploid wheat to determine a lower toxicity in celiac disease patients following in vitro simulation of human digestion.
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Extensive in vitro gastrointestinal digestion markedly reduces the immune‐toxicity of Triticum monococcum wheat: Implication for celiac disease
Molecular nutrition & food research, 2015Co-Authors: Carmen Gianfrani, Alessandra Camarca, Giuseppe Mazzarella, Luigia Di Stasio, Nicola Giardullo, Pasquale Ferranti, Gianluca Picariello, Vera Rotondi Aufiero, Stefania Picascia, Riccardo TronconeAbstract:cope The ancient diploid Triticum monococcum is of special interest as a candidate low-toxic wheat species for celiac disease patients. Here, we investigated how an in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion, affected the immune toxic properties of gliadin from diploid compared to hexaploid wheat. Methods and results Gliadins from Triticum monococcum, and Triticum aestivum cultivars were digested using either a partial proteolysis with pepsin-chymotrypsin, or an extensive degradation that used gastrointestinal enzymes including the brush border membrane enzymes. The immune stimulatory properties of the digested samples were investigated on T-cell lines and jejunal biopsies from celiac disease patients. The T-cell response profile to the Triticum monococcum gliadin was comparable to that obtained with Triticum aestivum gliadin after the partial pepsin-chymotrypsin digestion. In contrast, the extensive gastrointestinal hydrolysis drastically reduced the immune stimulatory properties of Triticum monococcum gliadin. MS-based analysis showed that several Triticum monococcum peptides, including known T-cell epitopes, were degraded during the gastrointestinal treatment, whereas many of Triticum aestivum gliadin survived the gastrointestinal digestion. Conclusion The pattern of Triticum monococcum gliadin proteins is sufficiently different from those of common hexaploid wheat to determine a lower toxicity in celiac disease patients following in vitro simulation of human digestion.
Alyssa Hidalgo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Morpho-physiological and qualitative variation of domesticated einkorn (Triticum monococcum L. ssp. monococcum)
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2020Co-Authors: A. Volante, Alyssa Hidalgo, V.a. Yilmaz, Andrea BrandoliniAbstract:A pool of 158 Triticum monococcum L. ssp. monococcum accessions, originating from different traditional cropping areas and representative of the einkorn germplasm collection maintained at Sant’Angelo Lodigiano, was characterised for 20 morpho-physiological and qualitative descriptors. The accessions were grown for 4 years in two different Po plain (Italy) locations. The traits analysed were growth habit, awn length, glume colour and hairiness, rachis brittleness, heading date, plant height, spike length, n° spikelets/spike, spikelet density, n° kernels/spikelet, kernel length, width, thickness and volume, thousand kernels weight, protein and carotenoid content, sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation volume and specific sedimentation volume. A broad variation for all the traits studied was detected and promising accessions for breeding purposes were identified. Several characteristics showed a clear region-specific pattern: the samples tracing their origin to warmer climates were earlier-maturing, taller, had shorter spikes, fewer spikelet/spike, bigger kernels and lower protein content than those from cooler regions. A Principal Components Analysis highlighted the existence of two clusters composed mainly of Maghreb/Iberia and of Prealpine genotypes, whose peculiar characteristics are most likely a consequence of adaptation, by natural selection or by human practices and ingenuity, to their growing environments.
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Nutritional properties of einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L.)
Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2013Co-Authors: Alyssa Hidalgo, Andrea BrandoliniAbstract:The hulled wheat einkorn (Triticum monococcum L. ssp. monococcum), a staple food of early farmers for many thousand years, today is cropped only in small areas of the Mediterranean region and continental Europe. Increasing attention to the nutritional quality of foods has fostered renewed interest in this low-impact crop. The reappraisal of einkorn quality evidenced that this ancient wheat has some dietary advantages over polyploid wheats. Einkorn wholemeal is poor in dietary fibre but rich in proteins, lipids (mostly unsaturated fatty acids), fructans and trace elements (including zinc and iron). The good concentration of several antioxidant compounds (carotenoids, tocols, conjugated polyphenols, alkylresorcinols and phytosterols) and low β-amylase and lipoxygenase activities (which limit antioxidant degradation during food processing) contribute to the excellent nutritional properties of its flour, superior to those of other wheats. Conversely, einkorn has relatively low bound polyphenol content and high polyphenol oxidase activity. In spite of eliciting weaker toxic reactions than other Triticum species, einkorn is not suitable for coeliacs. Current trends towards the consumption of functional foods suggest that this cereal may still play a significant role in human consumption, especially in the development of new or special foods with superior nutritional quality.
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Lipoxygenase activity in wholemeal flours from Triticum monococcum, Triticum turgidum and Triticum aestivum
Food Chemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Alyssa Hidalgo, Andrea BrandoliniAbstract:Abstract To minimise lipid oxidation and maintain high carotenoid and tocol concentrations in wheat flours and products, fifty-seven accessions, belonging to different Triticum species ( Triticum monococcum , Triticum turgidum and Triticum aestivum ), were assessed for lipoxygenase activity. The highest enzymatic activity was observed in T. aestivum (8.02 ± 0.492 μmol/min/g DM), followed by T. turgidum (3.48 ± 0.701) and by T. monococcum (0.45 ± 0.072). While the lipoxygenase was consistently high amongst T. aestivum and steadily low amongst T. monococcum samples, the T. turgidum accessions clustered in three different groups, with low (0.12–0.91 μmol/min/g DM), medium (3.10–4.17) and high (5.57–9.51) activity. Enzymatic activity was maximum in the pH range 5–6. LOX activity was higher in the germ (206 μmol/min/g DM), than in the bran (13.4) or in the endosperm (3.1). The results demonstrate that the selection of genotypes with low LOX, a factor limiting oxidative degradation, is feasible.
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Impact of genetic and environmental factors on einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L. subsp. monococcum) polysaccharides
Journal of Cereal Science, 2011Co-Authors: Andrea Brandolini, Alyssa Hidalgo, Luca Plizzari, Daniela ErbaAbstract:To evaluate the effect of genotype, year and location on 1000 kernel weight, falling number, alpha- and beta-amylase activity, pasting properties, β-glucan, fructan, total starch, amylose, resistant starch and dietary fibre contents of wholemeal flour, four einkorns and one control bread wheat were cropped in Italy for two years in four different locations. Year and genotype exerted major effects on most traits, while location was not important. All einkorns showed greater fructan (on average, 1.90 vs 1.29 g/100 g dm, respectively) and lower β-glucan (0.48 vs 0.84), total starch (59.6 vs 67.9), resistant starch (2.56 vs 5.52) and dietary fibre (16.7 vs 21.5) content than the bread wheat control. The significant variation for fructan content among the four Triticum monococcum genotypes assessed indicates the possibility of breeding einkorn lines with high prebiotic activity.
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Influence of genetic and environmental factors on selected nutritional traits of Triticum monococcum.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2009Co-Authors: Alyssa Hidalgo, Andrea Brandolini, Simona RattiAbstract:To evaluate the effect of genotype, year, and location on protein, lipid, tocol, and lutein content and on fatty acids composition of wholemeal flour, five einkorns (Triticum monococcum L. ssp. monococcum) and one control bread wheat were cropped in Italy for two years in four different locations. Genotype and year exerted major effects on protein, tocotrienol, and lutein contents, while tocopherol and lipid contents were influenced only by the genotype. The concentrations of linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acids (the most abundant among the 14 fatty acids identified), as well as of saturated (SFA), monosaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids, differed between einkorns and control and, to some extent, years were constant across locations. Notwithstanding the environmental variation, all einkorns consistently showed higher protein (on average, +59%), lipid (+50%), tocotrienol (+88%), total tocol (+46%), lutein (+483%), and MUFA (+53%) content, along with lower SFA (-21%) and PUFA (-8%) than the bread wheat control.
Carmen Gianfrani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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extensive in vitro gastrointestinal digestion markedly reduces the immune toxicity of Triticum monococcum wheat implication for celiac disease
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 2015Co-Authors: Carmen Gianfrani, Alessandra Camarca, Giuseppe Mazzarella, Luigia Di Stasio, Nicola Giardullo, Pasquale Ferranti, Gianluca Picariello, Vera Rotondi Aufiero, Stefania Picascia, Riccardo TronconeAbstract:cope The ancient diploid Triticum monococcum is of special interest as a candidate low-toxic wheat species for celiac disease patients. Here, we investigated how an in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion, affected the immune toxic properties of gliadin from diploid compared to hexaploid wheat. Methods and results Gliadins from Triticum monococcum, and Triticum aestivum cultivars were digested using either a partial proteolysis with pepsin-chymotrypsin, or an extensive degradation that used gastrointestinal enzymes including the brush border membrane enzymes. The immune stimulatory properties of the digested samples were investigated on T-cell lines and jejunal biopsies from celiac disease patients. The T-cell response profile to the Triticum monococcum gliadin was comparable to that obtained with Triticum aestivum gliadin after the partial pepsin-chymotrypsin digestion. In contrast, the extensive gastrointestinal hydrolysis drastically reduced the immune stimulatory properties of Triticum monococcum gliadin. MS-based analysis showed that several Triticum monococcum peptides, including known T-cell epitopes, were degraded during the gastrointestinal treatment, whereas many of Triticum aestivum gliadin survived the gastrointestinal digestion. Conclusion The pattern of Triticum monococcum gliadin proteins is sufficiently different from those of common hexaploid wheat to determine a lower toxicity in celiac disease patients following in vitro simulation of human digestion.
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Extensive in vitro gastrointestinal digestion markedly reduces the immune‐toxicity of Triticum monococcum wheat: Implication for celiac disease
Molecular nutrition & food research, 2015Co-Authors: Carmen Gianfrani, Alessandra Camarca, Giuseppe Mazzarella, Luigia Di Stasio, Nicola Giardullo, Pasquale Ferranti, Gianluca Picariello, Vera Rotondi Aufiero, Stefania Picascia, Riccardo TronconeAbstract:cope The ancient diploid Triticum monococcum is of special interest as a candidate low-toxic wheat species for celiac disease patients. Here, we investigated how an in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion, affected the immune toxic properties of gliadin from diploid compared to hexaploid wheat. Methods and results Gliadins from Triticum monococcum, and Triticum aestivum cultivars were digested using either a partial proteolysis with pepsin-chymotrypsin, or an extensive degradation that used gastrointestinal enzymes including the brush border membrane enzymes. The immune stimulatory properties of the digested samples were investigated on T-cell lines and jejunal biopsies from celiac disease patients. The T-cell response profile to the Triticum monococcum gliadin was comparable to that obtained with Triticum aestivum gliadin after the partial pepsin-chymotrypsin digestion. In contrast, the extensive gastrointestinal hydrolysis drastically reduced the immune stimulatory properties of Triticum monococcum gliadin. MS-based analysis showed that several Triticum monococcum peptides, including known T-cell epitopes, were degraded during the gastrointestinal treatment, whereas many of Triticum aestivum gliadin survived the gastrointestinal digestion. Conclusion The pattern of Triticum monococcum gliadin proteins is sufficiently different from those of common hexaploid wheat to determine a lower toxicity in celiac disease patients following in vitro simulation of human digestion.
Luigia Di Stasio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Protective effects of ID331 Triticum monococcum gliadin on in vitro models of the intestinal epithelium.
Food chemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Giuseppe Iacomino, Luigia Di Stasio, Pasquale Ferranti, Gianluca Picariello, Olga Fierro, Antonella Venezia, Laura Gazza, Gianfranco MamoneAbstract:A growing interest in developing new strategies for preventing coeliac disease has motivated efforts to identify cereals with null or reduced toxicity. In the current study, we investigate the biological effects of ID331 Triticum monococcum gliadin-derived peptides in human Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells. Triticum aestivum gliadin derived peptides were employed as a positive control. The effects on epithelial permeability, zonulin release, viability, and cytoskeleton reorganization were investigated. Our findings confirmed that ID331 gliadin did not enhance permeability and did not induce zonulin release, cytotoxicity or cytoskeleton reorganization of Caco-2 cell monolayers. We also demonstrated that ID331 ω-gliadin and its derived peptide ω(105-123) exerted a protective action, mitigating the injury of Triticum aestivum gliadin on cell viability and cytoskeleton reorganization. These results may represent a new opportunity for the future development of innovative strategies to reduce gluten toxicity in the diet of patients with gluten intolerance.
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extensive in vitro gastrointestinal digestion markedly reduces the immune toxicity of Triticum monococcum wheat implication for celiac disease
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 2015Co-Authors: Carmen Gianfrani, Alessandra Camarca, Giuseppe Mazzarella, Luigia Di Stasio, Nicola Giardullo, Pasquale Ferranti, Gianluca Picariello, Vera Rotondi Aufiero, Stefania Picascia, Riccardo TronconeAbstract:cope The ancient diploid Triticum monococcum is of special interest as a candidate low-toxic wheat species for celiac disease patients. Here, we investigated how an in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion, affected the immune toxic properties of gliadin from diploid compared to hexaploid wheat. Methods and results Gliadins from Triticum monococcum, and Triticum aestivum cultivars were digested using either a partial proteolysis with pepsin-chymotrypsin, or an extensive degradation that used gastrointestinal enzymes including the brush border membrane enzymes. The immune stimulatory properties of the digested samples were investigated on T-cell lines and jejunal biopsies from celiac disease patients. The T-cell response profile to the Triticum monococcum gliadin was comparable to that obtained with Triticum aestivum gliadin after the partial pepsin-chymotrypsin digestion. In contrast, the extensive gastrointestinal hydrolysis drastically reduced the immune stimulatory properties of Triticum monococcum gliadin. MS-based analysis showed that several Triticum monococcum peptides, including known T-cell epitopes, were degraded during the gastrointestinal treatment, whereas many of Triticum aestivum gliadin survived the gastrointestinal digestion. Conclusion The pattern of Triticum monococcum gliadin proteins is sufficiently different from those of common hexaploid wheat to determine a lower toxicity in celiac disease patients following in vitro simulation of human digestion.
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Extensive in vitro gastrointestinal digestion markedly reduces the immune‐toxicity of Triticum monococcum wheat: Implication for celiac disease
Molecular nutrition & food research, 2015Co-Authors: Carmen Gianfrani, Alessandra Camarca, Giuseppe Mazzarella, Luigia Di Stasio, Nicola Giardullo, Pasquale Ferranti, Gianluca Picariello, Vera Rotondi Aufiero, Stefania Picascia, Riccardo TronconeAbstract:cope The ancient diploid Triticum monococcum is of special interest as a candidate low-toxic wheat species for celiac disease patients. Here, we investigated how an in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion, affected the immune toxic properties of gliadin from diploid compared to hexaploid wheat. Methods and results Gliadins from Triticum monococcum, and Triticum aestivum cultivars were digested using either a partial proteolysis with pepsin-chymotrypsin, or an extensive degradation that used gastrointestinal enzymes including the brush border membrane enzymes. The immune stimulatory properties of the digested samples were investigated on T-cell lines and jejunal biopsies from celiac disease patients. The T-cell response profile to the Triticum monococcum gliadin was comparable to that obtained with Triticum aestivum gliadin after the partial pepsin-chymotrypsin digestion. In contrast, the extensive gastrointestinal hydrolysis drastically reduced the immune stimulatory properties of Triticum monococcum gliadin. MS-based analysis showed that several Triticum monococcum peptides, including known T-cell epitopes, were degraded during the gastrointestinal treatment, whereas many of Triticum aestivum gliadin survived the gastrointestinal digestion. Conclusion The pattern of Triticum monococcum gliadin proteins is sufficiently different from those of common hexaploid wheat to determine a lower toxicity in celiac disease patients following in vitro simulation of human digestion.
