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Juan B. Alvarez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Variation in the HMW and LMW glutenin subunits from Spanish accessions of emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum Schrank)
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2001Co-Authors: L. A. Pflüger, Luis Miguel Martín, Juan B. AlvarezAbstract:Emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum Schrank) is hulled wheat that survives in marginal areas of the Mediterranean Region. The HMW and LMW glutenin subunit composition of 97 accessions of emmer wheat from Spain have been analysed by SDS-PAGE. For the HMW glutenin subunits, four allelic variants were detected for the Glu-A1 locus; one of them has not been previously described. For the Glu-B1 locus, three of the nine alleles detected have not been found before. A high degree of variation was evident for the LMW glutenin subunits, and up to 23 different patterns were detected for the B-LMW glutenin subunits. Considering both types of proteins (HMW and LMW), 30 combinations were found between all the evaluated lines. This wide polymorphism can be used to transfer new quality genes to wheat, and to widen its genetic basis.
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Genetic variation for carotenoid pigment content in the amphiploid Hordeum chilense × Triticum turgidum conv. durum
Plant Breeding, 1999Co-Authors: Juan B. Alvarez, Luis Miguel Martín, A. MartinAbstract:Hexaploid tritordeum, the amphiploid Hordeum chilense × Triticum turgidum conv. durum has a higher grain carotene content than durum wheat. In order to decide strategies for introgressing this character into durum wheat, the effect on the carotene content of tritordeum synthesized with H. chilense and durum wheat differing in carotene content was analysed. Carotene content was evaluated in 35 primary tritordeum lines and their parents, 27 H. chilense accessions and 19 durum wheat cultivars. Some amphiploids have either one barley or wheat parent in common. In general, the influence of H. chilense is more important than that of wheat in the amphiploid carotene content. Nevertheless, the interactions between both parents on the amphiploid carotene content are also important.
L. A. Pflüger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Variation in the HMW and LMW glutenin subunits from Spanish accessions of emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum Schrank)
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2001Co-Authors: L. A. Pflüger, Luis Miguel Martín, Juan B. AlvarezAbstract:Emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum Schrank) is hulled wheat that survives in marginal areas of the Mediterranean Region. The HMW and LMW glutenin subunit composition of 97 accessions of emmer wheat from Spain have been analysed by SDS-PAGE. For the HMW glutenin subunits, four allelic variants were detected for the Glu-A1 locus; one of them has not been previously described. For the Glu-B1 locus, three of the nine alleles detected have not been found before. A high degree of variation was evident for the LMW glutenin subunits, and up to 23 different patterns were detected for the B-LMW glutenin subunits. Considering both types of proteins (HMW and LMW), 30 combinations were found between all the evaluated lines. This wide polymorphism can be used to transfer new quality genes to wheat, and to widen its genetic basis.
José Paulo Santos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biofortification of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp durum (Desf.) Husnot) grains with nutrients
Journal of Plant Interactions, 2017Co-Authors: Inês Maria Pataco, Fernando C. Lidon, Inês Ramos, Karliana Oliveira, Mauro Guerra, Maria Fernanda Pessoa, Maria Luísa Carvalho, José C. Ramalho, António E. Leitão, José Paulo SantosAbstract:ABSTRACTDurum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husnot) was grown under conditions to promote mineral biofortification at the grain level. Along plant development, biomass accumulation and the kinetics of nutrients accumulation were assessed, identifying the nutrient fluxes of roots and shoots, and the timescale constraints of crop biofortification. Plants were grown under environmentally controlled conditions, submitted to four increasing concentrations of nutrient solutions (1-, 2-, 4- and 6-fold) of micro- (Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn) and macronutrients (Ca, K, P and Mg). The threshold of mineral toxicity was not reached as evaluated through plant biomass accumulation, but considering grain yield, the twofold nutrient concentration was the best treatment for biofortification. In the different treatments, the contents and the mineral unrests of roots uptake and shoots translocation varied, at different magnitudes and trends, before the onset of booting and from the physiological maturity onwards. Ex...
Pasquale De Vita - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparison of gluten peptides and potential prebiotic carbohydrates in old and modern Triticum turgidum ssp. genotypes
Food research international (Ottawa Ont.), 2018Co-Authors: Donatella Bianca Maria Ficco, Pasquale De Vita, Barbara Prandi, Alberto Amaretti, Igor Anfelli, Alan Leonardi, Stefano Raimondi, Nicola Pecchioni, Andrea Faccini, Stefano SforzaAbstract:Abstract Old wheat genotypes are perceived by consumers as healthier than modern ones. The release of gluten peptides with in vitro digestion and the content of potentially prebiotic carbohydrates (i.e. resistant fraction of starch and cell-wall associated dietary fiber) were evaluated in tetraploid wheats, namely 9 old and 3 modern Triticum turgidum ssp. genotypes. Simulated digestion of wholemeal flours yielded 152 major peptides, 59 of which were attributed a sequence. Principal component analysis revealed that peptide profiles were variable in old genotypes, unlike in modern ones. Digestion of old genotypes generally yielded peptides in greater concentration. In particular, 5 peptides of γ-gliadin, known to trigger the adaptive immune reaction, and two peptides of α-gliadin, known to be toxic to celiac patients, were particularly abundant in some old varieties. Resistant starch (RS) was negligible in modern genotypes (
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linkage disequilibrium and genome wide association mapping in tetraploid wheat Triticum turgidum l
PLOS ONE, 2014Co-Authors: Giovanni Laido, Daniela Marone, Anna M Mastrangelo, Pasquale De Vita, Maria A Russo, Salvatore A Colecchia, Roberto PapaAbstract:Association mapping is a powerful tool for the identification of quantitative trait loci through the exploitation of the differential decay of linkage disequilibrium (LD) between marker loci and genes of interest in natural and domesticated populations. Using a sample of 230 tetraploid wheat lines (Triticum turgidum ssp), which included naked and hulled accessions, we analysed the pattern of LD considering 26 simple sequence repeats and 970 mostly mapped diversity array technology loci. In addition, to validate the potential for association mapping in durum wheat, we evaluated the same genotypes for plant height, heading date, protein content, and thousand-kernel weight. Molecular and phenotypic data were used to: (i) investigate the genetic and phenotypic diversity; (ii) study the dynamics of LD across the durum wheat genome, by investigating the patterns of LD decay; and (iii) test the potential of our panel to identify marker–trait associations through the analysis of four quantitative traits of major agronomic importance. Moreover, we compared and validated the association mapping results with outlier detection analysis based on population divergence. Overall, in tetraploid wheat, the pattern of LD is extremely population dependent and is related to the domestication and breeding history of durum wheat. Comparing our data with several other studies in wheat, we confirm the position of many major genes and quantitative trait loci for the traits considered. Finally, the analysis of the selection signature represents a very useful complement to validate marker–trait associations.
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genetic diversity and population structure of tetraploid wheats Triticum turgidum l estimated by ssr dart and pedigree data
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Giovanni Laido, Agata Gadaleta, Antonio Blanco, Luigi Cattivelli, Giacomo Mangini, Francesca Taranto, Daniela Marone, Anna M Mastrangelo, Roberto Papa, Pasquale De VitaAbstract:Levels of genetic diversity and population genetic structure of a collection of 230 accessions of seven tetraploid Triticum turgidum L. subspecies were investigated using six morphological, nine seed storage protein loci, 26 SSRs and 970 DArT markers. The genetic diversity of the morphological traits and seed storage proteins was always lower in the durum wheat compared to the wild and domesticated emmer. Using Bayesian clustering (K = 2), both of the sets of molecular markers distinguished the durum wheat cultivars from the other tetraploid subspecies, and two distinct subgroups were detected within the durum wheat subspecies, which is in agreement with their origin and year of release. The genetic diversity of morphological traits and seed storage proteins was always lower in the improved durum cultivars registered after 1990, than in the intermediate and older ones. This marked effect on diversity was not observed for molecular markers, where there was only a weak reduction. At K >2, the SSR markers showed a greater degree of resolution than for DArT, with their identification of a greater number of groups within each subspecies. Analysis of DArT marker differentiation between the wheat subspecies indicated outlier loci that are potentially linked to genes controlling some important agronomic traits. Among the 211 loci identified under selection, 109 markers were recently mapped, and some of these markers were clustered into specific regions on chromosome arms 2BL, 3BS and 4AL, where several genes/quantitative trait loci (QTLs) are involved in the domestication of tetraploid wheats, such as the tenacious glumes (Tg) and brittle rachis (Br) characteristics. On the basis of these results, it can be assumed that the population structure of the tetraploid wheat collection partially reflects the evolutionary history of Triticum turgidum L. subspecies and the genetic potential of landraces and wild accessions for the detection of unexplored alleles.
Maurizio Badiani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The inhibitory effects of coumarin on the germination of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum, cv. Simeto) seeds.
Journal of chemical ecology, 2006Co-Authors: Maria Rosa Abenavoli, Giovanni Cacco, Agostino Sorgonà, Rosita Marabottini, Anna Rita Paolacci, Mario Ciaffi, Maurizio BadianiAbstract:The event chain leading to germination blockage in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum Desf.) seeds exposed to the allelochemical coumarin (2H-chromen-2-one) was studied. The physiological and biochem- ical aspects thought to be critical for a successful seed germination were measured. At concentrations above 200 2M, coumarin inhibited seed germination in a concentration-dependent manner. Inhibition occurred early during seed imbibition (phase I), was rapid, and irreversible. During phase I, coumarin inhibited water uptake, electrolyte retention capacity, and O2 consumption. Later on, coumarin delayed the reactivation of peroxidases, enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase, decreased the activities of selected marker enzymes for metabolic resumption, and repressed the transcription of molecular chaperons involved in secretory pathways. Insufficient and/or late seed rehydration caused by coumarin could have delayed membrane stabilization or decreased respiratory O2 consumption, both of which are conducive to an overproduction of reactive O2 species. Being unbalanced by an adequate upsurge of antioxidant defense systems, the resulting oxidative stress might have ultimately interfered with the germina- tion program. Key Words—Allelochemicals, coumarin, seed germination, antioxidants, molecular chaperons, durum wheat, Triticum turgidum ssp. durum Desf.
