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G Adachi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Trivalent Ion conducting solid electrolytes
Solid State Ionics, 2000Co-Authors: Nobuhito Imanaka, Y Kobayashi, Shinji Tamura, G AdachiAbstract:Abstract A Trivalent Ion conductIon in solids was realized with Sc 2 (WO 4 ) 3 -type structure by the consideratIon of the stability and size of mobile Trivalent Ions and a structure to reduce the electrostatic interactIon between the framework and the mobile Ionic species as much as possible. Among the tungstates and the molybdates with the Sc 2 (WO 4 ) 3 -type structure, Sc 2 (WO 4 ) 3 and Sc 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 were found to hold the most suitable lattice size for Trivalent Ion migratIon in the individual series. By the dc electrolysis and EPMA measurements, the mobile species was clearly identified to be Trivalent Ions in the Sc 2 (WO 4 ) 3 -type structure.
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Trivalent Ion conductIon in molybdates having sc2 wo4 3 type structure
Chemistry of Materials, 2000Co-Authors: Nobuhito Imanaka, Tomohiro Ueda, Y Okazaki, And Shinji Tamura, G AdachiAbstract:A molybdate series with Sc2(WO4)3-type structure, which has been demonstrated to be suitable for Trivalent Ion conductIon, was prepared, and the Trivalent Ion conducting characteristics of this series were compared with those of the tungstate series. The Ionic conductivities of the molybdate series become considerably higher in comparison to those of the tungstate series. Since the Ionic radius of Mo6+ is smaller than that of W6+, the oxide anIons that form a tetrahedron unit with Mo6+ Ion form stronger bonds than those that form a tetrahedron unit with W6+. Stronger hexavalent catIon and oxide anIon bonding develops more suitable surroundings for Trivalent Ion migratIon in the Sc2(WO4)3-type structure. The Trivalent Ion conducting properties in the molybdate solids were directly characterized by dc electrolysis and EPMA measurements.
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Trivalent rare earth Ion conductIon in the rare earth tungstates with the sc2 wo4 3 type structure
Chemistry of Materials, 1998Co-Authors: Nobuhito Imanaka, Y Okazaki, Yasuyuki Kobayashi, K Fujiwara, Tsutomu Asano, G AdachiAbstract:To realize a Trivalent Ion conductIon in solids, the Sc2(WO4)3-type structure was chosen on the basis of the mobile Trivalent Ions and the structure which reduces the electrostatic interactIon between the framework and the mobile Trivalent Ionic species as much as possible. The typical conductivity of the rare earth tungstates R2(WO4)3 (R = Sc, Y, and Er−Lu) with the Sc2(WO4)3-type structure was found to be on the order of 10-5 S cm-1 at 600 °C. Among the rare earth tungstates, Sc2(WO4)3 (σ600°C = 6.5 × 10-5 S cm-1, Ea = 44.1 kJ mol-1) was found to be the most suitable size for the Ionic conductIon with regard to the relatIon between the mobile Ion radius and the lattice size. The rare earth Ion conducting characteristics were investigated by means of the rare earth concentratIon cell measurements and dc electrolyses. The electromotive force measurements with the Sc−Y binary alloy and the yttrium tungsten bronze as the electrodes strongly suggest the possibility of the Trivalent Ion conductIon of rare ear...
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a direct evidence for Trivalent Ion conductIon in solids
Chemistry Letters, 1995Co-Authors: Nobuhito Imanaka, Yasuyuki Kobayashi, G AdachiAbstract:In order to realize a higher valency Ion conductIon in solids, the Sc2(WO4)3 material which possesses a larger tunnel size for Ion migratIon was selected to reduce the electrostatic interactIon and the single crystals of Sc2(WO4)3 were grown to eliminate grain boundary effects found in polycrystalline state. By both the alternative and direct current measurements, a direct evidence of Sc3+ Trivalent Ion migratIon in single crystal Sc2(WO4)3 has been successfully demonstrated.
Volodymyr I. Lushchak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sodium chromate demonstrates some insulin mimetic properties in the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology, 2015Co-Authors: Natalia V Perkhulyn, Bohdana M Rovenko, Tetyana V Zvarych, Oleh V. Lushchak, Kenneth B Storey, Janet M Storey, Volodymyr I. LushchakAbstract:Abstract The effects of food supplementatIon with sodium chromate at concentratIons of 1–500 μM on development of Drosophila melanogaster larvae and food intake, carbohydrate and lipid pools in adult fruit flies were investigated. Food supplementatIon with hexavalent chromium (Na2CrO4) at high concentratIons delayed larval development and decreased the percentage of larvae that pupated which indicated a relatively low toxicity. The supplement decreased glucose levels in fly hemolymph, but at concentratIons of 5–25 μM increased fly carbohydrate reserves: hemolymph trehalose and whole body trehalose and glycogen. The data on parameters of carbohydrate metabolism show that chromate possesses some insulin-mimetic properties. The changes in metabolism of carbohydrates under chromate exposure were also accompanied by an increase in total lipid levels and in the portIon of triacylglycerides among all lipids. Chromate additIon to fly food did not affect male or female body mass, but reduced food consumptIon by females at all concentratIons used, whereas in males only 500 μM chromate decreased food consumptIon. The data show that: (1) Cr6 + has many of the same effects as Cr3 + suggesting that it might be just as effective to treat diabetic states, likely as a result of intracellular reductIon of Cr6 + Ions, and (2) the Drosophila model can be used to develop new approaches to investigate the molecular mechanisms of chromium as an insulin-mimetic. Although it is usually believed that hexavalent chromium possesses higher toxicity than the Trivalent Ion, due to its easier penetratIon into the cell, applicatIon of hexavalent chromium may substantially decrease the chromium doses needed to get the desired effects.
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sodium chromate demonstrates some insulin mimetic properties in the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster toxicology pharmacology
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 2015Co-Authors: Natalia V Perkhulyn, Bohdana M Rovenko, Tetyana V Zvarych, Oleh V. Lushchak, Kenneth B Storey, Janet M Storey, Volodymyr I. LushchakAbstract:The effects of food supplementatIon with sodium chromate at concentratIons of 1–500μM on development of Drosophila melanogaster larvae and food intake, carbohydrate and lipid pools in adult fruit flies were investigated. Food supplementatIon with hexavalent chromium (Na2CrO4) at high concentratIons delayed larval development and decreased the percentage of larvae that pupated which indicated a relatively low toxicity. The supplement decreased glucose levels in fly hemolymph, but at concentratIons of 5–25μM increased fly carbohydrate reserves: hemolymph trehalose and whole body trehalose and glycogen. The data on parameters of carbohydrate metabolism show that chromate possesses some insulin-mimetic properties. The changes in metabolism of carbohydrates under chromate exposure were also accompanied by an increase in total lipid levels and in the portIon of triacylglycerides among all lipids. Chromate additIon to fly food did not affect male or female body mass, but reduced food consumptIon by females at all concentratIons used, whereas in males only 500μM chromate decreased food consumptIon. The data show that: (1) Cr⁶⁺ has many of the same effects as Cr³⁺ suggesting that it might be just as effective to treat diabetic states, likely as a result of intracellular reductIon of Cr⁶⁺ Ions, and (2) the Drosophila model can be used to develop new approaches to investigate the molecular mechanisms of chromium as an insulin-mimetic. Although it is usually believed that hexavalent chromium possesses higher toxicity than the Trivalent Ion, due to its easier penetratIon into the cell, applicatIon of hexavalent chromium may substantially decrease the chromium doses needed to get the desired effects.
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Chromium(III) induces oxidative stress in goldfish liver and kidney.
Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam Netherlands), 2009Co-Authors: Oleh V. Lushchak, Kenneth B Storey, Janet M Storey, Olha I. Kubrak, Olexandr V. Lozinsky, Volodymyr I. LushchakAbstract:Abstract In the environment chromium is found mainly in two valence states—hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) and Trivalent chromium (Cr3+). The present study evaluates the effects of Cr3+ exposure on goldfish by analyzing parameters of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in liver and kidney of fish given 96 h exposures to Cr3+ concentratIons of 1, 2.5, 5 or 10 mg/l in aquarium water. Cr3+ exposure did not alter two parameters of oxidative stress—protein carbonyl content and lipid peroxide concentratIons in either organ. However, Cr3+ exposure did decrease total glutathIone concentratIon in liver by 34–69% and in kidney to 36–49% of the respective control values. Oxidized GSSG content fell by similar percentages so that the ratio [GSSG]/[total glutathIone] remained constant at all Cr3+ exposure levels except in liver under the highest, 10 mg/l, exposure level. In liver, exposure to 1–5 mg/l Cr3+ led to a decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 29–36%, and at 10 mg/l Cr3+ the reductIon was 54%, whereas in kidney ∼30% reductIons in SOD activity were seen at concentratIons 1 and 10 mg/l Cr3+. Catalase activity was not significantly affected by 1–5 mg/l Cr3+, but was reduced by 57 and 42% in liver and kidney, respectively. Chromium exposure also reduced the activity of glutathIone-S-transferase in both organs by 17–50% but did not affect glutathIone reductase or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities. A comparison of Cr3+ effects on goldfish liver and kidney metabolism indicates that the Trivalent Ion induces stronger oxidative stress than Cr6+ at the same concentratIons.
Nobuhito Imanaka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Trivalent Ion conductIon in nasicon type solid electrolyte prepared by ball milling
Solid State Ionics, 2002Co-Authors: Shinji Tamura, Nobuhito Imanaka, G AdachiAbstract:Abstract Trivalent catIon conducting solid electrolytes with NASICON type structure, R 1/3 Zr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (R=Rare Earths), were synthesized by a ball milling method and Trivalent R 3+ catIon conducting properties were investigated. The Trivalent Ion conductivity of R 1/3 Zr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 was enhanced ca. three times compared to the samples prepared by a conventIonal sol–gel method due to the improvement of the crystallinity of the solids. The macroscopic Sc 3+ catIon conducting behavior in Sc 1/3 Zr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , which shows the highest Trivalent Ion conductivity in R 1/3 Zr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 series, was directly demonstrated by a dc electrolysis method.
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Trivalent Ion conducting solid electrolytes
Solid State Ionics, 2000Co-Authors: Nobuhito Imanaka, Y Kobayashi, Shinji Tamura, G AdachiAbstract:Abstract A Trivalent Ion conductIon in solids was realized with Sc 2 (WO 4 ) 3 -type structure by the consideratIon of the stability and size of mobile Trivalent Ions and a structure to reduce the electrostatic interactIon between the framework and the mobile Ionic species as much as possible. Among the tungstates and the molybdates with the Sc 2 (WO 4 ) 3 -type structure, Sc 2 (WO 4 ) 3 and Sc 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 were found to hold the most suitable lattice size for Trivalent Ion migratIon in the individual series. By the dc electrolysis and EPMA measurements, the mobile species was clearly identified to be Trivalent Ions in the Sc 2 (WO 4 ) 3 -type structure.
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Trivalent Ion conductIon in molybdates having sc2 wo4 3 type structure
Chemistry of Materials, 2000Co-Authors: Nobuhito Imanaka, Tomohiro Ueda, Y Okazaki, And Shinji Tamura, G AdachiAbstract:A molybdate series with Sc2(WO4)3-type structure, which has been demonstrated to be suitable for Trivalent Ion conductIon, was prepared, and the Trivalent Ion conducting characteristics of this series were compared with those of the tungstate series. The Ionic conductivities of the molybdate series become considerably higher in comparison to those of the tungstate series. Since the Ionic radius of Mo6+ is smaller than that of W6+, the oxide anIons that form a tetrahedron unit with Mo6+ Ion form stronger bonds than those that form a tetrahedron unit with W6+. Stronger hexavalent catIon and oxide anIon bonding develops more suitable surroundings for Trivalent Ion migratIon in the Sc2(WO4)3-type structure. The Trivalent Ion conducting properties in the molybdate solids were directly characterized by dc electrolysis and EPMA measurements.
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Trivalent rare earth Ion conductIon in the rare earth tungstates with the sc2 wo4 3 type structure
Chemistry of Materials, 1998Co-Authors: Nobuhito Imanaka, Y Okazaki, Yasuyuki Kobayashi, K Fujiwara, Tsutomu Asano, G AdachiAbstract:To realize a Trivalent Ion conductIon in solids, the Sc2(WO4)3-type structure was chosen on the basis of the mobile Trivalent Ions and the structure which reduces the electrostatic interactIon between the framework and the mobile Trivalent Ionic species as much as possible. The typical conductivity of the rare earth tungstates R2(WO4)3 (R = Sc, Y, and Er−Lu) with the Sc2(WO4)3-type structure was found to be on the order of 10-5 S cm-1 at 600 °C. Among the rare earth tungstates, Sc2(WO4)3 (σ600°C = 6.5 × 10-5 S cm-1, Ea = 44.1 kJ mol-1) was found to be the most suitable size for the Ionic conductIon with regard to the relatIon between the mobile Ion radius and the lattice size. The rare earth Ion conducting characteristics were investigated by means of the rare earth concentratIon cell measurements and dc electrolyses. The electromotive force measurements with the Sc−Y binary alloy and the yttrium tungsten bronze as the electrodes strongly suggest the possibility of the Trivalent Ion conductIon of rare ear...
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a direct evidence for Trivalent Ion conductIon in solids
Chemistry Letters, 1995Co-Authors: Nobuhito Imanaka, Yasuyuki Kobayashi, G AdachiAbstract:In order to realize a higher valency Ion conductIon in solids, the Sc2(WO4)3 material which possesses a larger tunnel size for Ion migratIon was selected to reduce the electrostatic interactIon and the single crystals of Sc2(WO4)3 were grown to eliminate grain boundary effects found in polycrystalline state. By both the alternative and direct current measurements, a direct evidence of Sc3+ Trivalent Ion migratIon in single crystal Sc2(WO4)3 has been successfully demonstrated.
Natalia V Perkhulyn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sodium chromate demonstrates some insulin mimetic properties in the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology, 2015Co-Authors: Natalia V Perkhulyn, Bohdana M Rovenko, Tetyana V Zvarych, Oleh V. Lushchak, Kenneth B Storey, Janet M Storey, Volodymyr I. LushchakAbstract:Abstract The effects of food supplementatIon with sodium chromate at concentratIons of 1–500 μM on development of Drosophila melanogaster larvae and food intake, carbohydrate and lipid pools in adult fruit flies were investigated. Food supplementatIon with hexavalent chromium (Na2CrO4) at high concentratIons delayed larval development and decreased the percentage of larvae that pupated which indicated a relatively low toxicity. The supplement decreased glucose levels in fly hemolymph, but at concentratIons of 5–25 μM increased fly carbohydrate reserves: hemolymph trehalose and whole body trehalose and glycogen. The data on parameters of carbohydrate metabolism show that chromate possesses some insulin-mimetic properties. The changes in metabolism of carbohydrates under chromate exposure were also accompanied by an increase in total lipid levels and in the portIon of triacylglycerides among all lipids. Chromate additIon to fly food did not affect male or female body mass, but reduced food consumptIon by females at all concentratIons used, whereas in males only 500 μM chromate decreased food consumptIon. The data show that: (1) Cr6 + has many of the same effects as Cr3 + suggesting that it might be just as effective to treat diabetic states, likely as a result of intracellular reductIon of Cr6 + Ions, and (2) the Drosophila model can be used to develop new approaches to investigate the molecular mechanisms of chromium as an insulin-mimetic. Although it is usually believed that hexavalent chromium possesses higher toxicity than the Trivalent Ion, due to its easier penetratIon into the cell, applicatIon of hexavalent chromium may substantially decrease the chromium doses needed to get the desired effects.
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sodium chromate demonstrates some insulin mimetic properties in the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster toxicology pharmacology
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 2015Co-Authors: Natalia V Perkhulyn, Bohdana M Rovenko, Tetyana V Zvarych, Oleh V. Lushchak, Kenneth B Storey, Janet M Storey, Volodymyr I. LushchakAbstract:The effects of food supplementatIon with sodium chromate at concentratIons of 1–500μM on development of Drosophila melanogaster larvae and food intake, carbohydrate and lipid pools in adult fruit flies were investigated. Food supplementatIon with hexavalent chromium (Na2CrO4) at high concentratIons delayed larval development and decreased the percentage of larvae that pupated which indicated a relatively low toxicity. The supplement decreased glucose levels in fly hemolymph, but at concentratIons of 5–25μM increased fly carbohydrate reserves: hemolymph trehalose and whole body trehalose and glycogen. The data on parameters of carbohydrate metabolism show that chromate possesses some insulin-mimetic properties. The changes in metabolism of carbohydrates under chromate exposure were also accompanied by an increase in total lipid levels and in the portIon of triacylglycerides among all lipids. Chromate additIon to fly food did not affect male or female body mass, but reduced food consumptIon by females at all concentratIons used, whereas in males only 500μM chromate decreased food consumptIon. The data show that: (1) Cr⁶⁺ has many of the same effects as Cr³⁺ suggesting that it might be just as effective to treat diabetic states, likely as a result of intracellular reductIon of Cr⁶⁺ Ions, and (2) the Drosophila model can be used to develop new approaches to investigate the molecular mechanisms of chromium as an insulin-mimetic. Although it is usually believed that hexavalent chromium possesses higher toxicity than the Trivalent Ion, due to its easier penetratIon into the cell, applicatIon of hexavalent chromium may substantially decrease the chromium doses needed to get the desired effects.
Hajime Yamamoto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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emissIon from batio3 pr3 controlled by Ionic radius of added Trivalent Ion
Journal of Applied Physics, 2002Co-Authors: Shinji Okamoto, Hajime YamamotoAbstract:EmissIon enhancement from BaTiO3:Pr3+ by additIon of Trivalent Ion under excitatIon above the fundamental absorptIon edge of BaTiO3 host crystals has been investigated. In this system, energy transfer occurs from BaTiO3 to Pr3+. EmissIon of Pr3+ is intensified by additIon of small Trivalent Ions, e.g., Yb3+ or Sc3+, which substitutes for Ti4+ site, while it is hardly changed by additIon of La3+ or Nd3+, which is larger in the Ionic radius and substitutes for Ba2+ site. Moreover, smaller difference in Ionic radius between the added Trivalent Ions and Ti4+ induces larger ratio of 1D2→3H4 emissIon intensity to 3P0→3H4 emissIon intensity. AdditIon of Ga3+ gives the largest ratio and the 1D2→3H4 emissIon intensity among the Trivalent Ions. These observatIons demonstrate that one of the origins of the emissIon enhancement is charge compensatIon of Pr3+ at the Ba2+ site by the Trivalent Ion substituting for Ti4+ around the Pr3+, and the emissIon from BaTiO3:Pr3+ can be controlled by the Ionic radius of the added...
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emissIon from batio3 pr3 controlled by Ionic radius of added Trivalent Ion
Journal of Applied Physics, 2002Co-Authors: Shinji Okamoto, Hajime YamamotoAbstract:EmissIon enhancement from BaTiO3:Pr3+ by additIon of Trivalent Ion under excitatIon above the fundamental absorptIon edge of BaTiO3 host crystals has been investigated. In this system, energy transfer occurs from BaTiO3 to Pr3+. EmissIon of Pr3+ is intensified by additIon of small Trivalent Ions, e.g., Yb3+ or Sc3+, which substitutes for Ti4+ site, while it is hardly changed by additIon of La3+ or Nd3+, which is larger in the Ionic radius and substitutes for Ba2+ site. Moreover, smaller difference in Ionic radius between the added Trivalent Ions and Ti4+ induces larger ratio of 1D2→3H4 emissIon intensity to 3P0→3H4 emissIon intensity. AdditIon of Ga3+ gives the largest ratio and the 1D2→3H4 emissIon intensity among the Trivalent Ions. These observatIons demonstrate that one of the origins of the emissIon enhancement is charge compensatIon of Pr3+ at the Ba2+ site by the Trivalent Ion substituting for Ti4+ around the Pr3+, and the emissIon from BaTiO3:Pr3+ can be controlled by the Ionic radius of the added Trivalent Ion.
