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James F. Campbell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mobility and Dispersal of Two Cosmopolitan Stored-Product Insects Are Adversely Affected by Long-Lasting Insecticide Netting in a Life Stage-Dependent Manner.
Journal of economic entomology, 2020Co-Authors: Rachel V. Wilkins, James F. Campbell, Kun Yan Zhu, William R. MorrisonAbstract:Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Trogoderma Variabile Ballion (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) are two stored-product insects that cause extensive damage to a variety of postharvest commodities. Long-lasting insecticide-incorporated netting (LLIN), commonly used to control vector-borne diseases in tropical regions, has only been recently studied in an agricultural setting. While prior research showed that LLIN was successful against stored-product beetles, little is known about differential susceptibility among stored-product insect life stages. The aim of this study was to evaluate LLIN efficacy against immature T. castaneum and T. Variabile compared with adults. Movement and dispersal ability were evaluated after exposure to LLIN or an untreated, control netting. For the movement assay, video-tracking software recorded the postexposure effects of LLIN on distance traveled and velocity of the insects in 2-h trials. For the dispersal assay, insects were exposed to the netting then released into one end of a PVC pipe and allowed 48 h to disperse to a novel food patch located at the opposite end of the pipe. Our study found that movement and dispersal ability of T. Variabile and T. castaneum are significantly reduced, often by multiple-fold, after LLIN exposure, with the larval stage of each species more tolerant to the insecticide netting than adults. These results indicate that LLIN is a promising tool for use in intercepting immigrating insects of different life stages in food facilities to protect stored products.
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artificial selection to a nonlethal cold stress in Trogoderma Variabile shows associations with chronic cold stress and body size
Environmental Entomology, 2020Co-Authors: Alison R. Gerken, Shelby R Abts, Erin D Scully, James F. CampbellAbstract:: Extreme temperature has been used as an alternative to chemical treatments for stored product pests for years. Resistance to heat or cold treatments has not been documented in stored product insects, but repeated use of ineffective treatments could lead to adaptive tolerance. Trogoderma Variabile (Dermestidae) is a common pest of stored products, and the larval stage is highly resistant to cold and destructive. We artificially selected populations by inducing chill coma at four different cold temperature treatments: 3 and 5 h at -10°C and 3 and 5 h at 0°C. Recovery time was highly heritable after selection for seven generations for decreased recovery time (cold tolerance) and increased recovery time (cold susceptibility) at all time and temperature combinations. Three replicate populations for each time and temperature combination varied substantially, suggesting different mutations in each population were probably responsible for selected phenotypes. Body size decreased in populations selected for cold susceptibility compared with those selected for cold tolerance and survivorship to long-term cold stress increased in the cold-tolerant populations compared with the susceptible populations. After the cessation of the selection experiment, cold tolerance dissipated within four generations from the populations at -10°C, but was maintained in populations exposed to 0°C. Our results suggest that warehouse beetles can adapt to cold stress quickly, but in the absence of cold stress, the proportion of cold-tolerant/susceptible individuals is quickly reduced, suggesting that some of the mutations responsible for these phenotypes may be associated with fitness costs under normal conditions.
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Artificial Selection to a Nonlethal Cold Stress in Trogoderma Variabile Shows Associations With Chronic Cold Stress and Body Size
Environmental entomology, 2020Co-Authors: Alison R. Gerken, Shelby R Abts, Erin D Scully, James F. CampbellAbstract:Extreme temperature has been used as an alternative to chemical treatments for stored product pests for years. Resistance to heat or cold treatments has not been documented in stored product insects, but repeated use of ineffective treatments could lead to adaptive tolerance. Trogoderma Variabile (Dermestidae) is a common pest of stored products, and the larval stage is highly resistant to cold and destructive. We artificially selected populations by inducing chill coma at four different cold temperature treatments: 3 and 5 h at -10°C and 3 and 5 h at 0°C. Recovery time was highly heritable after selection for seven generations for decreased recovery time (cold tolerance) and increased recovery time (cold susceptibility) at all time and temperature combinations. Three replicate populations for each time and temperature combination varied substantially, suggesting different mutations in each population were probably responsible for selected phenotypes. Body size decreased in populations selected for cold susceptibility compared with those selected for cold tolerance and survivorship to long-term cold stress increased in the cold-tolerant populations compared with the susceptible populations. After the cessation of the selection experiment, cold tolerance dissipated within four generations from the populations at -10°C, but was maintained in populations exposed to 0°C. Our results suggest that warehouse beetles can adapt to cold stress quickly, but in the absence of cold stress, the proportion of cold-tolerant/susceptible individuals is quickly reduced, suggesting that some of the mutations responsible for these phenotypes may be associated with fitness costs under normal conditions.
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using long term capture data to predict Trogoderma Variabile ballion and plodia interpunctella hubner population patterns
Insects, 2019Co-Authors: Alison R. Gerken, James F. CampbellAbstract:Insects can infest facilities that house and process post-harvest grains and grain-based products. Integrated pest management tactics rely on tracking insect populations and using this information to select and target management tactics. Our ability to predict when and where to best focus treatment relies on an understanding of long-term trends, but often any available monitoring data are limited in its duration. Here we present data collected over a 10-year period at a flour mill in the central part of the United States. Using traps placed both inside and outside a flour mill and baited with pheromone-lures for Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), Indianmeal moth, and Trogoderma Variabile Ballion, warehouse beetle, we examine environmental and spatial variability in insect captures. We find that both species, inside and outside the mill, are highly influenced by seasonal patterns, with peaks of insect captures during the warm season (April through September). There is also consistency across time and space in trap capture for P. interpunctella with traps in an open location consistently capturing high numbers of insects. In contrast, T. Variabile lacked consistency in trap capture but were most often not found in the same trap locations as P. interpunctella. Fumigations conducted within the facility appeared to have little impact on insect captures inside, with dynamics appearing to be driven more by broader seasonal patterns in activity. These data and analyses suggest that there is a larger population of these insects that are readily moving in and out of the structures, while fumigation treatments are only impacting a small portion of the overall population and tactics targeting immigration may be an important addition to the pest management program.
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life history changes in Trogoderma Variabile and t inclusum due to mating delay with implications for mating disruption as a management tactic
Ecology and Evolution, 2018Co-Authors: Alison R. Gerken, James F. CampbellAbstract:: Controlling postharvest pest species is a costly process with insecticide resistance and species-specific control requiring multiple tactics. Mating disruption (MD) can be used to both decrease a female's access to males and delay timing of mating and decreases overall mating success in a population and population growth rate. Development of new commercially available MD products requires an understanding of life history parameters associated with mating delay. These can provide information for targeting proportions of reproducing individuals using MD. After delaying mating for females of two closely related beetle species, Trogoderma Variabile and T. inclusum, we surveyed survivorship, number of eggs laid, and number of progeny emerged. With increases in mating age, total number of eggs laid and total number of progeny emerged significantly declined over time. T. inclusum typically had greater numbers of eggs laid and progeny emerged compared to T. Variabile as female age at mating increased, suggesting that T. inclusum may be more resistant to long-term delays in mating. Life span showed an increase as mating age increased but life span significantly decreased almost immediately following mating. Simulations depicting multiple distributions of mating within a population suggest that in a closed population, high levels of mating delay significantly reduced reproductive growth rates. Although reproductive growth rates were decreased with increased mating age, they are still large enough to maintain populations. This study highlights the differences in life history between two closely related species, suggesting that T. inclusum outperforms T. Variabile over the course of a life span, but T. Variabile has better reproductive capabilities early in life. MD may also be a viable component of a pest management system for these two species as it significantly decreased overall reproductive output and population growth.
Frank H Arthur - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Attraction, arrestment, and preference by immature Trogoderma Variabile and Trogoderma granarium to food and pheromonal stimuli
Journal of Pest Science, 2020Co-Authors: William R. Morrison, Robert F. Grosdidier, Scott W. Myers, Frank H Arthur, Michael J DomingueAbstract:The invasive khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium , is an economically destructive species and the only stored product insect pest that is quarantined in the USA. In the past several decades, there have been an increasing number of interceptions of T. granarium at ports in the USA. The established trap and lure used for surveillance of T. granarium in high risk areas was developed 30 years ago, but since then new lures containing food and/or pheromonal stimuli have become available. In the USA, researchers must work with it in an approved quarantine facility, which slows research and development into mitigation strategies for the species. However, there are closely related dermestids already in the USA but not under quarantine, such as Trogoderma Variabile , which may be able to act as a surrogate species for the behavioral responses of T. granarium . Thus, we evaluated the attraction to, arrestment by, and preference between different semiochemical stimuli for immature life stages of both these species and determined whether T. Variabile could serve as a surrogate species for T. granarium . While all lures showed some positive response in each of the assays, lures with food cues and pheromones together exhibited the most consistent positive response by larval T. granarium . However, the behavioral response of T. Variabile was not consistently correlated with that of T. granarium . Our study contributes updated data that can be used by biosecurity experts in developing surveillance programs for T. granarium .
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plodia interpunctella and Trogoderma Variabile larval penetration and invasion of untreated and methoprene treated foil packaging
Journal of Stored Products Research, 2018Co-Authors: Deanna S Scheff, Bhadriraju Subramanyam, Frank H Arthur, Hulya DoganAbstract:Abstract Packaged food products inside retail stores and food warehouses are susceptible to infestation by stored-product insects. The insect growth regulator methoprene can be impregnated onto packaging materials to help limit stored-product insect population development and prevent infestations. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of methoprene-treated foil packaging on egg hatchability and the penetration and invasion ability of the warehouse beetle, Trogoderma Variabile Ballion, and the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Hubner). Twenty-five eggs of each species were added to Petri dishes containing untreated packaging or packaging containing 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5% of the active ingredient methoprene. Petri dishes were held for 7 d in an environmental chamber at 27 °C and 60% r.h. to determine percent hatchability of eggs. Additionally, 6 cm by 8 cm food packages were created from untreated and methoprene-treated packaging and placed into 0.18-L vials. First or third instars of each species were introduced into vials containing diet or no diet, to determine penetration ability after 21 and 42 d. In a separate experiment, packages were pierced with pinholes, and first instar T. variable or P. interpunctella were introduced and observed after 21 and 42 d for package invasion. The foil packaging had no significant effect on egg hatchability of either species. T. Variabile were unable to penetrate or invade any foil packages. P. interpunctella invaded all packages containing pinholes. The methoprene-treated packaging reduced adult emergence of P. interpunctella and caused pupal and adult deformations in T. Variabile. Methoprene-treated packaging presents a valuable option for food manufacturers to prevent insect infestations and maintain integrity of packaged food products.
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susceptibility of tribolium castaneum and Trogoderma Variabile larvae and adults exposed to methoprene treated woven packaging material
Journal of Stored Products Research, 2017Co-Authors: Deanna S Scheff, Bhadriraju Subramanyam, Frank H ArthurAbstract:Abstract Methoprene is an insect growth regulator (IGR) registered in the United States for direct application to stored raw grains, as an aerosol or residual contact insecticide, and for use as a coating for protection of packaged products. A series of tests was conducted to determine the adverse effects of short term exposure, sub-lethal exposure, and continual exposure of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and warehouse beetle, Trogoderma Variabile Ballion, on methoprene-treated woven packaging material at 27 and 32 °C and 60% r.h. In the first test, larvae of both species were added to individual arenas and exposed for different time intervals, removed and resulting adult emergence was assessed. In the second test, eggs of both species were exposed on the packaging surfaces to determine percent egg hatchability. In the third test, adults of T. castaneum and T. Variabile were added to arenas and held for 7 and 3 d, respectively, to determine number of eggs laid per female and subsequent egg hatchability. The eggs were held in arenas to determine the effect of continual exposure on egg-to-adult emergence. Results showed normal adult emergence decreased with increasing exposure time and temperature. Exposure to methoprene-treated packaging did not adversely affect fecundity of T. Variabile adults, but did affect fecundity of T. castaneum . Continual exposure gave 100% suppression of T. castaneum adult emergence and a reduction of T. Variabile emergence. This study indicated that methoprene-treated packaging could be a valuable addition to an existing integrated pest management program to increase protection of packaged products.
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laboratory evaluation of particle size food contamination and residual efficacy of pyrethrin methoprene aerosol
Journal of Stored Products Research, 2017Co-Authors: Frank H Arthur, James F. Campbell, J E DonaldsonAbstract:Abstract Efficacy of aerosol applications of pyrethrin + methoprene was assessed through emergence of morphologically-normal adults exposed as larvae and through a developmental index. Concrete arenas were treated with aerosol droplets (particles) averaging 2 μm or 16 μm, food material was placed on the arenas at 1–8 weeks post-treatment, and 3-4-week-old larvae of one of four stored product insect species placed on the arenas at the same time. No exposed Lasioderma serricorne (F.) larvae reached the adult stage at either particle size, though they developed further when exposed to residual deposits of the 2 μm aerosol particles compared to residual deposits of 16 μm particles. No exposed larvae of either Tribolium confusum Jacqueline duVal or Trogoderma Variabile (Ballion) reached the adult stage when exposed to residues of the 16 μm particles, but most of the larvae exposed to the 2 μm residues completed development. Exposed Dermestes maculatus (DeGeer) larvae completed development to the adult stage after exposure to both particle sizes, indicating low susceptibility to methoprene residues. When food material in the arenas was also treated with the two particle sizes and bioassays conducted using only larvae of L. serricorne, T. confusum, and T. Variabile, results were similar to those described above. In a final experiment, only the 16 μm particle size aerosol was used to treat arenas with or without food, with arenas without food having it added one day after treatment. At 1–8 weeks post-treatment, the food was transferred to new untreated arenas and food was replaced in the arenas originally treated with aerosol. Bioassays were conducted using only larvae of T. confusum and T. Variabile. The food material blocked deposition of the aerosol on the arenas or absorbed some of the residues, indicating transference of the methoprene residues from the treated surfaces onto the food.
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Seasonal Patterns of Stored-Product Insects at a Rice Mill.
Journal of economic entomology, 2017Co-Authors: Tanja Mckay, Frank H Arthur, Amanda L. White, Laura A. Starkus, James F. CampbellAbstract:The temporal and spatial patterns in flight activity outside of a rice mill were evaluated for the lesser grain borer [Rhyzopertha dominica (F.)], warehouse beetle [Trogoderma Variabile Ballion], cigarette beetle [Lasioderma serricorne (F.)], and Indian meal moth [Plodia interpunctella (Huϋbner)] to determine critical times of year when the mill would be vulnerable to invasion. Insect activity was monitored using pheromone-baited glue traps (N = 99) from June 2008 to October 2010. Traps were placed along exterior walls of all major buildings and along the fence around the perimeter of the facility. Trogoderma Variabile was the most abundant species, with flight activity between mid-March and November. No activity of T. Variabile was observed during December through March. Rhyzopertha dominica was also abundant, with activity in mid-April through October. A few adult R. dominica were captured in traps during winter months in the first year of study. Trap captures for all four species increased with an increase in temperature and can be described by linear equations. Knowing seasonal patterns in insect activity allows rice facilities to better understand when facilities are most vulnerable to pest activity. However, this study demonstrates that more research is needed to address how insects are immigrating and emigrating within and around a rice mill.
Scott W. Myers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Oleic acid emitted from frozen Trogoderma spp. larvae causes conspecific behavioral aversion
Chemoecology, 2020Co-Authors: Michael J Domingue, William R. Morrison, K. Yeater, Scott W. MyersAbstract:Accumulating evidence in the literature suggests that oleic acid functions as a necromone across widely divergent insect taxa. The prevelance of this phenomenon has not been fully explored, and its application to pest management remains underdeveloped. Khapra beetle (KB), Trogoderma granarium , is a pest of stored grains, with larvae that can enter facultative diapause and remain cryptic in warehouses. Here, we examine how death affects oleic acid content of Trogoderma spp. cuticular extracts, and whether the compound causes a behavioral response. To assess the generalizability of patterns, many experiments were repeated with warehouse beetle (WB), Trogoderma Variabile , and larger cabinet beetle (LCB), Trogoderma inclusum . Extracts of larvae that were first killed by being frozen had greater oleic acid content than those derived from live insects. Two-choice behavioral assays compared responses of solvent controls to these extracts, at both low (~ 2 µg) and high (68–131 µg) oleic acid content. The natural extracts also contained cuticular hydrocarbons and other unidentified chemicals. High oleic acid in the extracts repelled the larvae of all three species. Lower levels of oleic acid did not affect KB and LCB movement, but were attractive to WB. We also performed the assay using a large range of doses of oleic acid alone. At the lower doses, oleic acid had no effect on movement, but it became strongly repellant at higher doses, beginning at 100 µg. These results indicate that necromones may be an overlooked aspect of stored product insect biology, which if further researched could improve pest management.
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Attraction, arrestment, and preference by immature Trogoderma Variabile and Trogoderma granarium to food and pheromonal stimuli
Journal of Pest Science, 2020Co-Authors: William R. Morrison, Robert F. Grosdidier, Scott W. Myers, Frank H Arthur, Michael J DomingueAbstract:The invasive khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium , is an economically destructive species and the only stored product insect pest that is quarantined in the USA. In the past several decades, there have been an increasing number of interceptions of T. granarium at ports in the USA. The established trap and lure used for surveillance of T. granarium in high risk areas was developed 30 years ago, but since then new lures containing food and/or pheromonal stimuli have become available. In the USA, researchers must work with it in an approved quarantine facility, which slows research and development into mitigation strategies for the species. However, there are closely related dermestids already in the USA but not under quarantine, such as Trogoderma Variabile , which may be able to act as a surrogate species for the behavioral responses of T. granarium . Thus, we evaluated the attraction to, arrestment by, and preference between different semiochemical stimuli for immature life stages of both these species and determined whether T. Variabile could serve as a surrogate species for T. granarium . While all lures showed some positive response in each of the assays, lures with food cues and pheromones together exhibited the most consistent positive response by larval T. granarium . However, the behavioral response of T. Variabile was not consistently correlated with that of T. granarium . Our study contributes updated data that can be used by biosecurity experts in developing surveillance programs for T. granarium .
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residual efficacy of deltamethrin and β cyfluthrin against Trogoderma Variabile and Trogoderma inclusum coleoptera dermestidae
Journal of Stored Products Research, 2016Co-Authors: Mukti N Ghimire, Scott W. Myers, Frank H Arthur, Thomas W. PhillipsAbstract:Abstract Trogroderma Variabile Ballion, warehouse beetle, and Trogoderma inclusum LeConte, larger cabinet beetle, are dermestid pests of stored products. A series of laboratory bioassays were conducted to evaluate residual toxicity of the pyrethroids deltamethrin and β-cyfluthrin, applied on a concrete surface substrate for control of adults and larvae of both species, to provide initial baseline susceptibility data for dermestids. Commercial formulations were applied at calculated deposition rates of 8, 16, and 24 mg active ingredient [AI] per m2 for deltamethrin and 10 and 20 mg active ingredient [AI] per m2 for β-cyfluthrin. Ten adults or larvae of either species were introduced to individual untreated and treated arenas at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mo post-treatment. Adult mortality was evaluated after 4 d of exposure with no food provided, and larval mortality was assessed 30 d after exposure with provision of food. Adult mortality of both species exposed to both insecticides ranged from 72.4 ± 6.9 to 100% depending on exposure interval. Larval mortality ranged from 18.3 ± 5.4 to 96.7 ± 2.1% on arenas treated with deltamethrin, and was significantly lower than adult mortality (P
William R. Morrison - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mobility and Dispersal of Two Cosmopolitan Stored-Product Insects Are Adversely Affected by Long-Lasting Insecticide Netting in a Life Stage-Dependent Manner.
Journal of economic entomology, 2020Co-Authors: Rachel V. Wilkins, James F. Campbell, Kun Yan Zhu, William R. MorrisonAbstract:Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Trogoderma Variabile Ballion (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) are two stored-product insects that cause extensive damage to a variety of postharvest commodities. Long-lasting insecticide-incorporated netting (LLIN), commonly used to control vector-borne diseases in tropical regions, has only been recently studied in an agricultural setting. While prior research showed that LLIN was successful against stored-product beetles, little is known about differential susceptibility among stored-product insect life stages. The aim of this study was to evaluate LLIN efficacy against immature T. castaneum and T. Variabile compared with adults. Movement and dispersal ability were evaluated after exposure to LLIN or an untreated, control netting. For the movement assay, video-tracking software recorded the postexposure effects of LLIN on distance traveled and velocity of the insects in 2-h trials. For the dispersal assay, insects were exposed to the netting then released into one end of a PVC pipe and allowed 48 h to disperse to a novel food patch located at the opposite end of the pipe. Our study found that movement and dispersal ability of T. Variabile and T. castaneum are significantly reduced, often by multiple-fold, after LLIN exposure, with the larval stage of each species more tolerant to the insecticide netting than adults. These results indicate that LLIN is a promising tool for use in intercepting immigrating insects of different life stages in food facilities to protect stored products.
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Oleic acid emitted from frozen Trogoderma spp. larvae causes conspecific behavioral aversion
Chemoecology, 2020Co-Authors: Michael J Domingue, William R. Morrison, K. Yeater, Scott W. MyersAbstract:Accumulating evidence in the literature suggests that oleic acid functions as a necromone across widely divergent insect taxa. The prevelance of this phenomenon has not been fully explored, and its application to pest management remains underdeveloped. Khapra beetle (KB), Trogoderma granarium , is a pest of stored grains, with larvae that can enter facultative diapause and remain cryptic in warehouses. Here, we examine how death affects oleic acid content of Trogoderma spp. cuticular extracts, and whether the compound causes a behavioral response. To assess the generalizability of patterns, many experiments were repeated with warehouse beetle (WB), Trogoderma Variabile , and larger cabinet beetle (LCB), Trogoderma inclusum . Extracts of larvae that were first killed by being frozen had greater oleic acid content than those derived from live insects. Two-choice behavioral assays compared responses of solvent controls to these extracts, at both low (~ 2 µg) and high (68–131 µg) oleic acid content. The natural extracts also contained cuticular hydrocarbons and other unidentified chemicals. High oleic acid in the extracts repelled the larvae of all three species. Lower levels of oleic acid did not affect KB and LCB movement, but were attractive to WB. We also performed the assay using a large range of doses of oleic acid alone. At the lower doses, oleic acid had no effect on movement, but it became strongly repellant at higher doses, beginning at 100 µg. These results indicate that necromones may be an overlooked aspect of stored product insect biology, which if further researched could improve pest management.
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Attraction, arrestment, and preference by immature Trogoderma Variabile and Trogoderma granarium to food and pheromonal stimuli
Journal of Pest Science, 2020Co-Authors: William R. Morrison, Robert F. Grosdidier, Scott W. Myers, Frank H Arthur, Michael J DomingueAbstract:The invasive khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium , is an economically destructive species and the only stored product insect pest that is quarantined in the USA. In the past several decades, there have been an increasing number of interceptions of T. granarium at ports in the USA. The established trap and lure used for surveillance of T. granarium in high risk areas was developed 30 years ago, but since then new lures containing food and/or pheromonal stimuli have become available. In the USA, researchers must work with it in an approved quarantine facility, which slows research and development into mitigation strategies for the species. However, there are closely related dermestids already in the USA but not under quarantine, such as Trogoderma Variabile , which may be able to act as a surrogate species for the behavioral responses of T. granarium . Thus, we evaluated the attraction to, arrestment by, and preference between different semiochemical stimuli for immature life stages of both these species and determined whether T. Variabile could serve as a surrogate species for T. granarium . While all lures showed some positive response in each of the assays, lures with food cues and pheromones together exhibited the most consistent positive response by larval T. granarium . However, the behavioral response of T. Variabile was not consistently correlated with that of T. granarium . Our study contributes updated data that can be used by biosecurity experts in developing surveillance programs for T. granarium .
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methyl benzoate as a putative alternative environmentally friendly fumigant for the control of stored product insects
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2019Co-Authors: William R. Morrison, Nicholas L Larson, Daniel L Brabec, Aijun ZhangAbstract:: Historically, stored product insect pest management has been based around the use of methyl bromide and phosphine as fumigants. However, methyl bromide has been phased out for structural fumigations, and there is increasing worldwide insecticide resistance to phosphine. One potential alternative, environmentally friendly option is the use of methyl benzoate (MBe), which is considered a food safe compound. In this study, we evaluated the direct and sublethal effects of MBe exposure on the survivorship and mobility of four stored product species with diverse life histories, including Rhyzopertha dominica, Tribolium castaneum, Sitophilus zeamais, and Trogoderma Variabile. Sets of insects were exposed to a control, low, or high MBe concentrations in flasks with or without food for 24 or 72 h in the laboratory. Furthermore, we assessed phosphine exposure under similar conditions. Overall, R. dominica was the most susceptible to MBe exposure, followed by T. castaneum. By contrast, S. zeamais and T. Variabile were relatively unaffected by MBe exposure. Exposure to MBe induced multiple-fold decreases in the total distance moved and velocity of adults still considered alive or affected after assays. By comparison, phosphine effectively killed all individuals of all species. Our data suggest that while MBe was effective for R. dominica, it was not competitive in comparison to phosphine for controlling susceptible strains of these species at the specified experimental conditions.
Michael J Domingue - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Oleic acid emitted from frozen Trogoderma spp. larvae causes conspecific behavioral aversion
Chemoecology, 2020Co-Authors: Michael J Domingue, William R. Morrison, K. Yeater, Scott W. MyersAbstract:Accumulating evidence in the literature suggests that oleic acid functions as a necromone across widely divergent insect taxa. The prevelance of this phenomenon has not been fully explored, and its application to pest management remains underdeveloped. Khapra beetle (KB), Trogoderma granarium , is a pest of stored grains, with larvae that can enter facultative diapause and remain cryptic in warehouses. Here, we examine how death affects oleic acid content of Trogoderma spp. cuticular extracts, and whether the compound causes a behavioral response. To assess the generalizability of patterns, many experiments were repeated with warehouse beetle (WB), Trogoderma Variabile , and larger cabinet beetle (LCB), Trogoderma inclusum . Extracts of larvae that were first killed by being frozen had greater oleic acid content than those derived from live insects. Two-choice behavioral assays compared responses of solvent controls to these extracts, at both low (~ 2 µg) and high (68–131 µg) oleic acid content. The natural extracts also contained cuticular hydrocarbons and other unidentified chemicals. High oleic acid in the extracts repelled the larvae of all three species. Lower levels of oleic acid did not affect KB and LCB movement, but were attractive to WB. We also performed the assay using a large range of doses of oleic acid alone. At the lower doses, oleic acid had no effect on movement, but it became strongly repellant at higher doses, beginning at 100 µg. These results indicate that necromones may be an overlooked aspect of stored product insect biology, which if further researched could improve pest management.
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Attraction, arrestment, and preference by immature Trogoderma Variabile and Trogoderma granarium to food and pheromonal stimuli
Journal of Pest Science, 2020Co-Authors: William R. Morrison, Robert F. Grosdidier, Scott W. Myers, Frank H Arthur, Michael J DomingueAbstract:The invasive khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium , is an economically destructive species and the only stored product insect pest that is quarantined in the USA. In the past several decades, there have been an increasing number of interceptions of T. granarium at ports in the USA. The established trap and lure used for surveillance of T. granarium in high risk areas was developed 30 years ago, but since then new lures containing food and/or pheromonal stimuli have become available. In the USA, researchers must work with it in an approved quarantine facility, which slows research and development into mitigation strategies for the species. However, there are closely related dermestids already in the USA but not under quarantine, such as Trogoderma Variabile , which may be able to act as a surrogate species for the behavioral responses of T. granarium . Thus, we evaluated the attraction to, arrestment by, and preference between different semiochemical stimuli for immature life stages of both these species and determined whether T. Variabile could serve as a surrogate species for T. granarium . While all lures showed some positive response in each of the assays, lures with food cues and pheromones together exhibited the most consistent positive response by larval T. granarium . However, the behavioral response of T. Variabile was not consistently correlated with that of T. granarium . Our study contributes updated data that can be used by biosecurity experts in developing surveillance programs for T. granarium .
