Trophic Status

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Marty D. Matlock - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • measuring variability in Trophic Status in the lake waco bosque river watershed
    Journal of Biological Engineering, 2008
    Co-Authors: Angela D Rodriguez, Marty D. Matlock
    Abstract:

    Background Nutrient management in rivers and streams is difficult due to the spatial and temporal variability of algal growth responses. The objectives of this project were to determine the spatial and seasonal in situ variability of Trophic Status in the Lake Waco/Bosque River watershed, determine the variability in the lotic ecosystem Trophic Status index (LETSI) at each site as indicators of the system's nutrient sensitivity, and determine if passive diffusion periphytometers could provide threshold algal responses to nutrient enrichment.

  • Measuring variability in Trophic Status in the Lake Waco/Bosque River Watershed
    Journal of Biological Engineering, 2008
    Co-Authors: Angela D Rodriguez, Marty D. Matlock
    Abstract:

    Background Nutrient management in rivers and streams is difficult due to the spatial and temporal variability of algal growth responses. The objectives of this project were to determine the spatial and seasonal in situ variability of Trophic Status in the Lake Waco/Bosque River watershed, determine the variability in the lotic ecosystem Trophic Status index (LETSI) at each site as indicators of the system's nutrient sensitivity, and determine if passive diffusion periphytometers could provide threshold algal responses to nutrient enrichment. Methods We used the passive diffusion periphytometer to measure in-situ nutrient limitation and Trophic Status at eight sites in five streams in the Lake Waco/Bosque River Watershed in north-central Texas from July 1997 through October 1998. The chlorophyll a production in the periphytometers was used as an indicator of baseline chlorophyll a productivity and of maximum primary productivity (MPP) in response to nutrient enrichment (nitrogen and phosphorus). We evaluated the lotic ecosystem Trophic Status index (LETSI) using the ratio of baseline primary productivity to MPP, and evaluated the Trophic class of each site. Results The rivers and streams in the Lake Waco/Bosque River Watershed exhibited varying degrees of nutrient enrichment over the 18-month sampling period. The North Bosque River at the headwaters (NB-02) located below the Stephenville, Texas wastewater treatment outfall consistently exhibited the highest degree of water quality impact due to nutrient enrichment. Sites at the outlet of the watershed (NB-04 and NB-05) were the next most enriched sites. Trophic class varied for enriched sites over seasons. Conclusion Seasonality played a significant role in the Trophic class and sensitivity of each site to nutrients. Managing rivers and streams for nutrients will require methods for measuring in situ responses and sensitivities to nutrient enrichment. Nutrient enrichment periphytometers show significant potential for use in nutrient gradient studies.

  • Measuring variability in Trophic Status in the Lake Waco/Bosque River Watershed
    Journal of Biological Engineering, 2008
    Co-Authors: Angela D Rodriguez, Marty D. Matlock
    Abstract:

    Background Nutrient management in rivers and streams is difficult due to the spatial and temporal variability of algal growth responses. The objectives of this project were to determine the spatial and seasonal in situ variability of Trophic Status in the Lake Waco/Bosque River watershed, determine the variability in the lotic ecosystem Trophic Status index (LETSI) at each site as indicators of the system's nutrient sensitivity, and determine if passive diffusion periphytometers could provide threshold algal responses to nutrient enrichment.

  • DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF A LOTIC ECOSYSTEM Trophic Status INDEX
    Transactions of the ASAE, 1999
    Co-Authors: Marty D. Matlock, Daniel E. Storm, Michael D. Smolen, A. M. S. Mcfarland, L. M. Hauck
    Abstract:

    We used the Matlock Periphytometer (Matlock et al., 1998) to measure in situ nutrient limitations and Trophic Status at five stream sites in the Bosque River Watershed in north-central Texas during July 1997. Periphytic chlorophyll a production from the Matlock Periphytometer was also used as an indicator of baseline primary productivity and of maximum primary productivity (MPP) in response to nutrient enrichment (nitrogen and phosphorus). The measured MPP was interpreted to represent the rate of periphytic growth when nutrients are not limiting. We developed a lotic ecosystem Trophic Status index (LETSI) using the ratio of baseline primary productivity to MPP. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) limitations were evaluated using a modified LETSI as the ratio of either N or P enriched growth to MPP. The LETSI is by definition a functional index, and may provide a classification tool for lotic ecosystem Trophic Status. Using the LETSI indices, we observed differences in nutrient limitations in the streams and detected co-limitations of nitrogen and phosphorus at two of the stream sites.

Roberto Danovaro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Trophic Status and meiofauna biodiversity in the Northern Adriatic Sea: Insights for the assessment of good environmental Status
    Marine Environmental Research, 2016
    Co-Authors: Silvia Bianchelli, Antonio Pusceddu, Emanuela Buschi, Roberto Danovaro
    Abstract:

    The Descriptor 5 (EuTrophication) of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive aims at preventing the negative effects of euTrophication. However, in coastal systems all indicators based on water column parameters fail in identifying the Trophic Status and its effects on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. We investigated benthic Trophic Status, in terms of sedimentary organic matter quantity, composition and quality, along with meiofaunal abundance, richness of taxa and community composition in three coastal sites (N Adriatic Sea) affected by different levels of anthropogenic stressors. We show that, on the basis of organic matter quantity and composition, the investigated areas can be classified from oligo-to mesoTrophic, whereas using meiofauna as a descriptor, their environmental quality ranged from sufficient to moderately impacted. Our results show that the benthic Trophic Status based on organic matter variables, is not sufficient to provide a sound assessment of the environmental quality in marine coastal ecosystems. However, data reported here indicate that the integration of the meiofaunal variable allows providing robust assessments of the marine environmental Status.

  • assessment of benthic Trophic Status of marine coastal ecosystems significance of meiofaunal rare taxa
    Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 2011
    Co-Authors: Antonio Pusceddu, Silvia Bianchelli, Cristina Gambi, Roberto Danovaro
    Abstract:

    EuTrophication enhances organic C inputs to the sea bottom, so that the quantity and biochemical composition of sedimentary organic matter are expected to change under different Trophic Status conditions. In turn, changes in the Trophic Status are often associated with shifts in the abundance and community structure of the benthos. We investigated the quantity and biochemical composition (protein, carbohydrate, lipid and phytopigment) of sedimentary organic matter together with abundance and community structure of meiofauna in two regions of the Mediterranean Sea characterized by different levels of primary productivity. At each region, five transects were randomly selected along the coastline. At each transect, three stations located at increasing distance from the shore and different water depth were investigated. Uni- and multivariate analyses of variance revealed that the quantity and biochemical composition of sediment organic matter displayed the most relevant differences between stations, suggesting their potential use as descriptor of the benthic Trophic state at the small spatial scale (i.e. <2 km). The correlation analyses, corroborated by nMDS dispersion plots and cluster analyses highlighted that the biopolymeric C content of the sediment and the algal fraction of sediment organic matter were inversely related and able to discriminate the Trophic Status at the scale of region, transect and station. Uni- and multivariate analyses on meiofaunal assemblages revealed that differences at different spatial scales were less evident in terms of abundance and richness of meiofaunal taxa but were more evident in terms of taxonomic composition. Furthermore, these differences were enhanced when the analyses were restricted using the meiofaunal rare taxa (i.e. those taxa representing <1% of the total meiofaunal abundance) as an input. The results of the multivariate multiple regression analyses revealed that the taxonomic composition of meiofaunal assemblages was driven mostly by protein, biopolymeric C and chlorophyll-a concentrations but also by the algal fraction of biopolymeric C. We conclude that, the study of the quantity and biochemical composition of sediment organic matter coupled with an analysis of the rare meiofaunal taxa allows an ecosystem-oriented assessment of the Trophic Status of marine benthic environments.

  • Assessment of benthic Trophic Status of marine coastal ecosystems: Significance of meiofaunal rare taxa
    Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 2011
    Co-Authors: Antonio Pusceddu, Silvia Bianchelli, Cristina Gambi, Roberto Danovaro
    Abstract:

    EuTrophication enhances organic C inputs to the sea bottom, so that the quantity and biochemical composition of sedimentary organic matter are expected to change under different Trophic Status conditions. In turn, changes in the Trophic Status are often associated with shifts in the abundance and community structure of the benthos. We investigated the quantity and biochemical composition (protein, carbohydrate, lipid and phytopigment) of sedimentary organic matter together with abundance and community structure of meiofauna in two regions of the Mediterranean Sea characterized by different levels of primary productivity. At each region, five transects were randomly selected along the coastline. At each transect, three stations located at increasing distance from the shore and different water depth were investigated. Uni- and multivariate analyses of variance revealed that the quantity and biochemical composition of sediment organic matter displayed the most relevant differences between stations, suggesting their potential use as descriptor of the benthic Trophic state at the small spatial scale (i.e.

  • Quantity and bioavailability of sediment organic matter as signatures of benthic Trophic Status
    Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2009
    Co-Authors: Antonio Pusceddu, Antonio Dell'anno, Mauro Fabiano, Roberto Danovaro
    Abstract:

    Tools used for assessing marine Trophic Status are generally based on water column characteristics, which, however, may provide unreliable classification of the benthic Trophic Status. Here, we provide evidence from the literature that quantity and bioavailability of sediment organic matter are reliable proxies to assess benthic marine Trophic Status. We compiled data on the protein, carbohydrate and lipid concentration of sediments from different oceanic and coastal regions and varying water depths. The concentration of these 3 components as a whole (biopolymeric carbon) was found to be significantly correlated (r = 0.84) with the total organic carbon concentration, suggesting that the biopolymeric fraction is representative of the total organic carbon pool. However, the system- atic variation of the biopolymeric fraction was higher than that of total organic carbon concentrations, suggesting that biopolymeric carbon is a more sensitive proxy of benthic Trophic Status than is the total carbon pool. Furthermore, biopolymeric carbon was significantly correlated to the amount of phytopigments, indicating that biopolymeric carbon accumulation in the sediment is related to inputs of algal carbon. Biopolymeric carbon concentrations were also positively correlated to the sediment community oxygen consumption, suggesting that the progressive accumulation of biopolymeric car- bon could be an additional co-factor potentially responsible for hypoxic or anoxic events. The enzy- matically digestible and algal fractions of biopolymeric carbon decreased in sediments with increas- ing biopolymeric carbon content (i.e. euTrophic systems), suggesting that organic carbon in euTrophic sediments is mostly refractory in nature. We propose that a biopolymeric carbon concentration in the sediment of >2.5 mg C g -1 , being associated with a bioavailable fraction of

  • quantity and bioavailability of sediment organic matter as signatures of benthic Trophic Status
    Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2009
    Co-Authors: Antonio Pusceddu, Mauro Fabiano, Antonio Dellanno, Roberto Danovaro
    Abstract:

    Tools used for assessing marine Trophic Status are generally based on water column characteristics, which, however, may provide unreliable classification of the benthic Trophic Status. Here, we provide evidence from the literature that quantity and bioavailability of sediment organic matter are reliable proxies to assess benthic marine Trophic Status. We compiled data on the protein, carbohydrate and lipid concentration of sediments from different oceanic and coastal regions and varying water depths. The concentration of these 3 components as a whole (biopolymeric carbon) was found to be significantly correlated (r = 0.84) with the total organic carbon concentration, suggesting that the biopolymeric fraction is representative of the total organic carbon pool. However, the system- atic variation of the biopolymeric fraction was higher than that of total organic carbon concentrations, suggesting that biopolymeric carbon is a more sensitive proxy of benthic Trophic Status than is the total carbon pool. Furthermore, biopolymeric carbon was significantly correlated to the amount of phytopigments, indicating that biopolymeric carbon accumulation in the sediment is related to inputs of algal carbon. Biopolymeric carbon concentrations were also positively correlated to the sediment community oxygen consumption, suggesting that the progressive accumulation of biopolymeric car- bon could be an additional co-factor potentially responsible for hypoxic or anoxic events. The enzy- matically digestible and algal fractions of biopolymeric carbon decreased in sediments with increas- ing biopolymeric carbon content (i.e. euTrophic systems), suggesting that organic carbon in euTrophic sediments is mostly refractory in nature. We propose that a biopolymeric carbon concentration in the sediment of >2.5 mg C g -1 , being associated with a bioavailable fraction of <10%, can be considered as a threshold level at which benthic consumers may experience mostly refractory organic carbon.

Angela D Rodriguez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Measuring variability in Trophic Status in the Lake Waco/Bosque River Watershed
    Journal of Biological Engineering, 2008
    Co-Authors: Angela D Rodriguez, Marty D. Matlock
    Abstract:

    Background Nutrient management in rivers and streams is difficult due to the spatial and temporal variability of algal growth responses. The objectives of this project were to determine the spatial and seasonal in situ variability of Trophic Status in the Lake Waco/Bosque River watershed, determine the variability in the lotic ecosystem Trophic Status index (LETSI) at each site as indicators of the system's nutrient sensitivity, and determine if passive diffusion periphytometers could provide threshold algal responses to nutrient enrichment. Methods We used the passive diffusion periphytometer to measure in-situ nutrient limitation and Trophic Status at eight sites in five streams in the Lake Waco/Bosque River Watershed in north-central Texas from July 1997 through October 1998. The chlorophyll a production in the periphytometers was used as an indicator of baseline chlorophyll a productivity and of maximum primary productivity (MPP) in response to nutrient enrichment (nitrogen and phosphorus). We evaluated the lotic ecosystem Trophic Status index (LETSI) using the ratio of baseline primary productivity to MPP, and evaluated the Trophic class of each site. Results The rivers and streams in the Lake Waco/Bosque River Watershed exhibited varying degrees of nutrient enrichment over the 18-month sampling period. The North Bosque River at the headwaters (NB-02) located below the Stephenville, Texas wastewater treatment outfall consistently exhibited the highest degree of water quality impact due to nutrient enrichment. Sites at the outlet of the watershed (NB-04 and NB-05) were the next most enriched sites. Trophic class varied for enriched sites over seasons. Conclusion Seasonality played a significant role in the Trophic class and sensitivity of each site to nutrients. Managing rivers and streams for nutrients will require methods for measuring in situ responses and sensitivities to nutrient enrichment. Nutrient enrichment periphytometers show significant potential for use in nutrient gradient studies.

  • measuring variability in Trophic Status in the lake waco bosque river watershed
    Journal of Biological Engineering, 2008
    Co-Authors: Angela D Rodriguez, Marty D. Matlock
    Abstract:

    Background Nutrient management in rivers and streams is difficult due to the spatial and temporal variability of algal growth responses. The objectives of this project were to determine the spatial and seasonal in situ variability of Trophic Status in the Lake Waco/Bosque River watershed, determine the variability in the lotic ecosystem Trophic Status index (LETSI) at each site as indicators of the system's nutrient sensitivity, and determine if passive diffusion periphytometers could provide threshold algal responses to nutrient enrichment.

  • Measuring variability in Trophic Status in the Lake Waco/Bosque River Watershed
    Journal of Biological Engineering, 2008
    Co-Authors: Angela D Rodriguez, Marty D. Matlock
    Abstract:

    Background Nutrient management in rivers and streams is difficult due to the spatial and temporal variability of algal growth responses. The objectives of this project were to determine the spatial and seasonal in situ variability of Trophic Status in the Lake Waco/Bosque River watershed, determine the variability in the lotic ecosystem Trophic Status index (LETSI) at each site as indicators of the system's nutrient sensitivity, and determine if passive diffusion periphytometers could provide threshold algal responses to nutrient enrichment.

Antonio Pusceddu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Trophic Status and meiofauna biodiversity in the Northern Adriatic Sea: Insights for the assessment of good environmental Status
    Marine Environmental Research, 2016
    Co-Authors: Silvia Bianchelli, Antonio Pusceddu, Emanuela Buschi, Roberto Danovaro
    Abstract:

    The Descriptor 5 (EuTrophication) of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive aims at preventing the negative effects of euTrophication. However, in coastal systems all indicators based on water column parameters fail in identifying the Trophic Status and its effects on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. We investigated benthic Trophic Status, in terms of sedimentary organic matter quantity, composition and quality, along with meiofaunal abundance, richness of taxa and community composition in three coastal sites (N Adriatic Sea) affected by different levels of anthropogenic stressors. We show that, on the basis of organic matter quantity and composition, the investigated areas can be classified from oligo-to mesoTrophic, whereas using meiofauna as a descriptor, their environmental quality ranged from sufficient to moderately impacted. Our results show that the benthic Trophic Status based on organic matter variables, is not sufficient to provide a sound assessment of the environmental quality in marine coastal ecosystems. However, data reported here indicate that the integration of the meiofaunal variable allows providing robust assessments of the marine environmental Status.

  • assessment of benthic Trophic Status of marine coastal ecosystems significance of meiofaunal rare taxa
    Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 2011
    Co-Authors: Antonio Pusceddu, Silvia Bianchelli, Cristina Gambi, Roberto Danovaro
    Abstract:

    EuTrophication enhances organic C inputs to the sea bottom, so that the quantity and biochemical composition of sedimentary organic matter are expected to change under different Trophic Status conditions. In turn, changes in the Trophic Status are often associated with shifts in the abundance and community structure of the benthos. We investigated the quantity and biochemical composition (protein, carbohydrate, lipid and phytopigment) of sedimentary organic matter together with abundance and community structure of meiofauna in two regions of the Mediterranean Sea characterized by different levels of primary productivity. At each region, five transects were randomly selected along the coastline. At each transect, three stations located at increasing distance from the shore and different water depth were investigated. Uni- and multivariate analyses of variance revealed that the quantity and biochemical composition of sediment organic matter displayed the most relevant differences between stations, suggesting their potential use as descriptor of the benthic Trophic state at the small spatial scale (i.e. <2 km). The correlation analyses, corroborated by nMDS dispersion plots and cluster analyses highlighted that the biopolymeric C content of the sediment and the algal fraction of sediment organic matter were inversely related and able to discriminate the Trophic Status at the scale of region, transect and station. Uni- and multivariate analyses on meiofaunal assemblages revealed that differences at different spatial scales were less evident in terms of abundance and richness of meiofaunal taxa but were more evident in terms of taxonomic composition. Furthermore, these differences were enhanced when the analyses were restricted using the meiofaunal rare taxa (i.e. those taxa representing <1% of the total meiofaunal abundance) as an input. The results of the multivariate multiple regression analyses revealed that the taxonomic composition of meiofaunal assemblages was driven mostly by protein, biopolymeric C and chlorophyll-a concentrations but also by the algal fraction of biopolymeric C. We conclude that, the study of the quantity and biochemical composition of sediment organic matter coupled with an analysis of the rare meiofaunal taxa allows an ecosystem-oriented assessment of the Trophic Status of marine benthic environments.

  • Assessment of benthic Trophic Status of marine coastal ecosystems: Significance of meiofaunal rare taxa
    Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 2011
    Co-Authors: Antonio Pusceddu, Silvia Bianchelli, Cristina Gambi, Roberto Danovaro
    Abstract:

    EuTrophication enhances organic C inputs to the sea bottom, so that the quantity and biochemical composition of sedimentary organic matter are expected to change under different Trophic Status conditions. In turn, changes in the Trophic Status are often associated with shifts in the abundance and community structure of the benthos. We investigated the quantity and biochemical composition (protein, carbohydrate, lipid and phytopigment) of sedimentary organic matter together with abundance and community structure of meiofauna in two regions of the Mediterranean Sea characterized by different levels of primary productivity. At each region, five transects were randomly selected along the coastline. At each transect, three stations located at increasing distance from the shore and different water depth were investigated. Uni- and multivariate analyses of variance revealed that the quantity and biochemical composition of sediment organic matter displayed the most relevant differences between stations, suggesting their potential use as descriptor of the benthic Trophic state at the small spatial scale (i.e.

  • Quantity and bioavailability of sediment organic matter as signatures of benthic Trophic Status
    Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2009
    Co-Authors: Antonio Pusceddu, Antonio Dell'anno, Mauro Fabiano, Roberto Danovaro
    Abstract:

    Tools used for assessing marine Trophic Status are generally based on water column characteristics, which, however, may provide unreliable classification of the benthic Trophic Status. Here, we provide evidence from the literature that quantity and bioavailability of sediment organic matter are reliable proxies to assess benthic marine Trophic Status. We compiled data on the protein, carbohydrate and lipid concentration of sediments from different oceanic and coastal regions and varying water depths. The concentration of these 3 components as a whole (biopolymeric carbon) was found to be significantly correlated (r = 0.84) with the total organic carbon concentration, suggesting that the biopolymeric fraction is representative of the total organic carbon pool. However, the system- atic variation of the biopolymeric fraction was higher than that of total organic carbon concentrations, suggesting that biopolymeric carbon is a more sensitive proxy of benthic Trophic Status than is the total carbon pool. Furthermore, biopolymeric carbon was significantly correlated to the amount of phytopigments, indicating that biopolymeric carbon accumulation in the sediment is related to inputs of algal carbon. Biopolymeric carbon concentrations were also positively correlated to the sediment community oxygen consumption, suggesting that the progressive accumulation of biopolymeric car- bon could be an additional co-factor potentially responsible for hypoxic or anoxic events. The enzy- matically digestible and algal fractions of biopolymeric carbon decreased in sediments with increas- ing biopolymeric carbon content (i.e. euTrophic systems), suggesting that organic carbon in euTrophic sediments is mostly refractory in nature. We propose that a biopolymeric carbon concentration in the sediment of >2.5 mg C g -1 , being associated with a bioavailable fraction of

  • quantity and bioavailability of sediment organic matter as signatures of benthic Trophic Status
    Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2009
    Co-Authors: Antonio Pusceddu, Mauro Fabiano, Antonio Dellanno, Roberto Danovaro
    Abstract:

    Tools used for assessing marine Trophic Status are generally based on water column characteristics, which, however, may provide unreliable classification of the benthic Trophic Status. Here, we provide evidence from the literature that quantity and bioavailability of sediment organic matter are reliable proxies to assess benthic marine Trophic Status. We compiled data on the protein, carbohydrate and lipid concentration of sediments from different oceanic and coastal regions and varying water depths. The concentration of these 3 components as a whole (biopolymeric carbon) was found to be significantly correlated (r = 0.84) with the total organic carbon concentration, suggesting that the biopolymeric fraction is representative of the total organic carbon pool. However, the system- atic variation of the biopolymeric fraction was higher than that of total organic carbon concentrations, suggesting that biopolymeric carbon is a more sensitive proxy of benthic Trophic Status than is the total carbon pool. Furthermore, biopolymeric carbon was significantly correlated to the amount of phytopigments, indicating that biopolymeric carbon accumulation in the sediment is related to inputs of algal carbon. Biopolymeric carbon concentrations were also positively correlated to the sediment community oxygen consumption, suggesting that the progressive accumulation of biopolymeric car- bon could be an additional co-factor potentially responsible for hypoxic or anoxic events. The enzy- matically digestible and algal fractions of biopolymeric carbon decreased in sediments with increas- ing biopolymeric carbon content (i.e. euTrophic systems), suggesting that organic carbon in euTrophic sediments is mostly refractory in nature. We propose that a biopolymeric carbon concentration in the sediment of >2.5 mg C g -1 , being associated with a bioavailable fraction of <10%, can be considered as a threshold level at which benthic consumers may experience mostly refractory organic carbon.

Shanglien Lo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a fuzzy index model for Trophic Status evaluation of reservoir waters
    Water Research, 2005
    Co-Authors: Yiting Liou, Shanglien Lo
    Abstract:

    An index model for quality evaluation based on the formula of similarity membership functions in the fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm is proposed. Summing up the weighted similarity degrees between an observation and designed specific quality-ordered levels develops an alternative overall index. Stretching the values of the controlling parameters in the formula of the similarity membership functions causes diverse patterns of overall index models. Applying this proposed fuzzy index model to the Trophic evaluation of reservoir waters is studied to demonstrate the practical application of this index. Every measurement of the variables is standardized by the membership function of quality evaluation on the interval [0,1], referring to the Trophic Status clarified in the Carlson Trophic State Index. The sensitivity analyses are studied both in the proposed index system and the Carlson Trophic State Index. Besides, a case study of the Trophic Status evaluation of the Feitsui Reservoir from 1987 to 2003 is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of applying the proposed evaluation model.