The Experts below are selected from a list of 324 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ping Shi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Enhanced sea‐air CO2 exchange influenced by a Tropical Depression in the South China Sea
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2014Co-Authors: Qingyang Sun, Danling Tang, Louis Legendre, Ping ShiAbstract:Ship measurements made 2 days after the passage of a Tropical Depression (TD) in the South China Sea (SCS, April 2011) showed two contrasted responses of the partial pressure of CO2 at sea surface (pCO2,sw). In low sea-surface salinity (SSS) water, pCO2,sw was low (349 ± 7 μatm), and the area was a carbon sink (−4.7 ± 1.8 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1), whereas in water with high SSS and chlorophyll a and low dissolved oxygen and sea surface temperature, pCO2,sw was higher than for normal SCS water (376 ± 8 versus 362 ± 4 μatm) and the area was a carbon source (1.2 ± 3.1 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1). Satellite data showed two large areas of low SSS before the TD, which were likely influenced by rainfall, and these areas were considered to have low pCO2,sw because of their low SSS. The high pCO2,sw after the TD is explained by the uplifting to the surface of deeper and CO2-rich water, due to winds accompanied by the TD. The difference in sea-air CO2 flux between the TD-affected area and the lower-SSS water was 1.99 + 4.70 = 6.7 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1, indicating a 100% change caused by the TD compared to the average seasonal value in spring in southern SCS (3.3 ± 0.3 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1). Undersaturation of CO2 prior to the TD due to dilution by freshwater and the preexisting cold eddy, and slow translation speed of the TD, are considered to account for the CO2 flux change.
-
enhanced sea air co2 exchange influenced by a Tropical Depression in the south china sea
Journal of Geophysical Research, 2014Co-Authors: Qingyang Sun, Danling Tang, Louis Legendre, Ping ShiAbstract:Ship measurements made 2 days after the passage of a Tropical Depression (TD) in the South China Sea (SCS, April 2011) showed two contrasted responses of the partial pressure of CO2 at sea surface (pCO2,sw). In low sea-surface salinity (SSS) water, pCO2,sw was low (349 ± 7 μatm), and the area was a carbon sink (−4.7 ± 1.8 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1), whereas in water with high SSS and chlorophyll a and low dissolved oxygen and sea surface temperature, pCO2,sw was higher than for normal SCS water (376 ± 8 versus 362 ± 4 μatm) and the area was a carbon source (1.2 ± 3.1 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1). Satellite data showed two large areas of low SSS before the TD, which were likely influenced by rainfall, and these areas were considered to have low pCO2,sw because of their low SSS. The high pCO2,sw after the TD is explained by the uplifting to the surface of deeper and CO2-rich water, due to winds accompanied by the TD. The difference in sea-air CO2 flux between the TD-affected area and the lower-SSS water was 1.99 + 4.70 = 6.7 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1, indicating a 100% change caused by the TD compared to the average seasonal value in spring in southern SCS (3.3 ± 0.3 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1). Undersaturation of CO2 prior to the TD due to dilution by freshwater and the preexisting cold eddy, and slow translation speed of the TD, are considered to account for the CO2 flux change.
Louis Legendre - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Enhanced sea‐air CO2 exchange influenced by a Tropical Depression in the South China Sea
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2014Co-Authors: Qingyang Sun, Danling Tang, Louis Legendre, Ping ShiAbstract:Ship measurements made 2 days after the passage of a Tropical Depression (TD) in the South China Sea (SCS, April 2011) showed two contrasted responses of the partial pressure of CO2 at sea surface (pCO2,sw). In low sea-surface salinity (SSS) water, pCO2,sw was low (349 ± 7 μatm), and the area was a carbon sink (−4.7 ± 1.8 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1), whereas in water with high SSS and chlorophyll a and low dissolved oxygen and sea surface temperature, pCO2,sw was higher than for normal SCS water (376 ± 8 versus 362 ± 4 μatm) and the area was a carbon source (1.2 ± 3.1 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1). Satellite data showed two large areas of low SSS before the TD, which were likely influenced by rainfall, and these areas were considered to have low pCO2,sw because of their low SSS. The high pCO2,sw after the TD is explained by the uplifting to the surface of deeper and CO2-rich water, due to winds accompanied by the TD. The difference in sea-air CO2 flux between the TD-affected area and the lower-SSS water was 1.99 + 4.70 = 6.7 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1, indicating a 100% change caused by the TD compared to the average seasonal value in spring in southern SCS (3.3 ± 0.3 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1). Undersaturation of CO2 prior to the TD due to dilution by freshwater and the preexisting cold eddy, and slow translation speed of the TD, are considered to account for the CO2 flux change.
-
enhanced sea air co2 exchange influenced by a Tropical Depression in the south china sea
Journal of Geophysical Research, 2014Co-Authors: Qingyang Sun, Danling Tang, Louis Legendre, Ping ShiAbstract:Ship measurements made 2 days after the passage of a Tropical Depression (TD) in the South China Sea (SCS, April 2011) showed two contrasted responses of the partial pressure of CO2 at sea surface (pCO2,sw). In low sea-surface salinity (SSS) water, pCO2,sw was low (349 ± 7 μatm), and the area was a carbon sink (−4.7 ± 1.8 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1), whereas in water with high SSS and chlorophyll a and low dissolved oxygen and sea surface temperature, pCO2,sw was higher than for normal SCS water (376 ± 8 versus 362 ± 4 μatm) and the area was a carbon source (1.2 ± 3.1 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1). Satellite data showed two large areas of low SSS before the TD, which were likely influenced by rainfall, and these areas were considered to have low pCO2,sw because of their low SSS. The high pCO2,sw after the TD is explained by the uplifting to the surface of deeper and CO2-rich water, due to winds accompanied by the TD. The difference in sea-air CO2 flux between the TD-affected area and the lower-SSS water was 1.99 + 4.70 = 6.7 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1, indicating a 100% change caused by the TD compared to the average seasonal value in spring in southern SCS (3.3 ± 0.3 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1). Undersaturation of CO2 prior to the TD due to dilution by freshwater and the preexisting cold eddy, and slow translation speed of the TD, are considered to account for the CO2 flux change.
Jun Matsumoto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Interannual Variation of the Summer Rainfall Center in the South China Sea
Journal of Climate, 2017Co-Authors: Tsingchang Chen, Jenq-dar Tsay, Jun MatsumotoAbstract:AbstractA northwest–southeast-oriented summer monsoon trough exists between northern Indochina and northwestern Borneo. Ahead of this the South China Sea (SCS) trough is located at a convergent center west of the Philippines, which provides an environment favorable for rain-producing synoptic systems to produce rainfall over this center and form the SCS summer rainfall center. Revealed from the x–t diagram for rainfall, this rainfall center is developed by multiple-scale processes involved with the SCS trough (TR), Tropical Depression (TY), interaction of the SCS trough with the easterly wave/Tropical Depression (EI), and easterly wave (EW). It is found that 56% of this rainfall center is produced by the SCS trough, while 41% is generated by the other three synoptic systems combined. Apparently, the formation of the SCS summer monsoon rainfall center is contributed to by these four rain-producing synoptic systems from the SCS and the Philippines Sea. The Southeast Asian summer monsoon undergoes an interan...
-
collaborative effects of cold surge and Tropical Depression type disturbance on heavy rainfall in central vietnam
Monthly Weather Review, 2008Co-Authors: Satoru Yokoi, Jun MatsumotoAbstract:Abstract This paper reveals synoptic-scale atmospheric conditions over the South China Sea (SCS) that cause heavy rainfall in central Vietnam through case study and composite analyses. The heavy rainfall event discussed in this study occurred on 2–3 November 1999. Precipitation in Hue city (central Vietnam) was more than 1800 mm for these 2 days. Two atmospheric disturbances played key roles in this heavy rainfall. First, a cold surge (CS) northerly wind anomaly in the lower troposphere, originating in northern China near 40°N, propagated southward to reach the northern SCS and then lingered there for a couple of days, resulting in stronger-than-usual northeasterly winds continuously blowing into the Indochina Peninsula against the Annam Range. Second, a southerly wind anomaly over the central SCS, associated with a Tropical Depression–type disturbance (TDD) in southern Vietnam, seemed to prevent the CS from propagating farther southward. Over the northern SCS, the southerly wind anomaly formed a strong l...
-
collaborative effects of cold surge and Tropical Depression type disturbance on heavy rainfall in central vietnam
Japanese progress in climatology, 2008Co-Authors: Satoru Yokoi, Jun MatsumotoAbstract:This paper reveals synoptic-scale atmospheric conditions over the South China Sea (SCS) that cause heavy rainfall in central Vietnam through case study and composite analyses. The heavy rainfall event discussed in this study occurred on 2-3 November 1999. Precipitation in Hue city (central Vietnam) was more than 1800 mm for these 2 days. Two atmospheric disturbances played key roles in this heavy rainfall. First, a cold surge (CS) northerly wind anomaly in the lower troposphere, originating in northern China near 40°N, propagated southward to reach the northern SCS and then lingered there for a couple of days, resulting in stronget-than-usual northeasterly winds continuously blowing into the Indochina Peninsula against the Annam Range. Second, a southerly wind anomaly over the central SCS, associated with a Tropical Depression-type disturbance (TDD) in southern Vietnam, seemed to prevent the CS from propagating farther southward. Over the northern SCS, the southerly wind anomaly formed a strong low-level convergence in conjunction with the CS northeasterly wind anomaly, and supplied warm and humid Tropical air. These conditions induced by the CS and TDD are favorable for the occurrence of the heavy orographic rainfall in central Vietnam. The TDD can be regarded as a result of a Rossby wave response to a large-scale convective anomaly over the Maritime Continent associated with equatorial intraseasonal variability. Using a 24-yr (1979-2002) reanalysis and surface precipitation datasets, the authors confirm that the coexistence of the CS and TDD is important for the occurrence of heavy precipitation in central Vietnam. In addition, it is observed that CSs without a TDD do not lead to much precipitation.
Qingyang Sun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Enhanced sea‐air CO2 exchange influenced by a Tropical Depression in the South China Sea
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2014Co-Authors: Qingyang Sun, Danling Tang, Louis Legendre, Ping ShiAbstract:Ship measurements made 2 days after the passage of a Tropical Depression (TD) in the South China Sea (SCS, April 2011) showed two contrasted responses of the partial pressure of CO2 at sea surface (pCO2,sw). In low sea-surface salinity (SSS) water, pCO2,sw was low (349 ± 7 μatm), and the area was a carbon sink (−4.7 ± 1.8 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1), whereas in water with high SSS and chlorophyll a and low dissolved oxygen and sea surface temperature, pCO2,sw was higher than for normal SCS water (376 ± 8 versus 362 ± 4 μatm) and the area was a carbon source (1.2 ± 3.1 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1). Satellite data showed two large areas of low SSS before the TD, which were likely influenced by rainfall, and these areas were considered to have low pCO2,sw because of their low SSS. The high pCO2,sw after the TD is explained by the uplifting to the surface of deeper and CO2-rich water, due to winds accompanied by the TD. The difference in sea-air CO2 flux between the TD-affected area and the lower-SSS water was 1.99 + 4.70 = 6.7 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1, indicating a 100% change caused by the TD compared to the average seasonal value in spring in southern SCS (3.3 ± 0.3 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1). Undersaturation of CO2 prior to the TD due to dilution by freshwater and the preexisting cold eddy, and slow translation speed of the TD, are considered to account for the CO2 flux change.
-
enhanced sea air co2 exchange influenced by a Tropical Depression in the south china sea
Journal of Geophysical Research, 2014Co-Authors: Qingyang Sun, Danling Tang, Louis Legendre, Ping ShiAbstract:Ship measurements made 2 days after the passage of a Tropical Depression (TD) in the South China Sea (SCS, April 2011) showed two contrasted responses of the partial pressure of CO2 at sea surface (pCO2,sw). In low sea-surface salinity (SSS) water, pCO2,sw was low (349 ± 7 μatm), and the area was a carbon sink (−4.7 ± 1.8 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1), whereas in water with high SSS and chlorophyll a and low dissolved oxygen and sea surface temperature, pCO2,sw was higher than for normal SCS water (376 ± 8 versus 362 ± 4 μatm) and the area was a carbon source (1.2 ± 3.1 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1). Satellite data showed two large areas of low SSS before the TD, which were likely influenced by rainfall, and these areas were considered to have low pCO2,sw because of their low SSS. The high pCO2,sw after the TD is explained by the uplifting to the surface of deeper and CO2-rich water, due to winds accompanied by the TD. The difference in sea-air CO2 flux between the TD-affected area and the lower-SSS water was 1.99 + 4.70 = 6.7 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1, indicating a 100% change caused by the TD compared to the average seasonal value in spring in southern SCS (3.3 ± 0.3 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1). Undersaturation of CO2 prior to the TD due to dilution by freshwater and the preexisting cold eddy, and slow translation speed of the TD, are considered to account for the CO2 flux change.
Tsingchang Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Interannual Variation of the Summer Rainfall Center in the South China Sea
Journal of Climate, 2017Co-Authors: Tsingchang Chen, Jenq-dar Tsay, Jun MatsumotoAbstract:AbstractA northwest–southeast-oriented summer monsoon trough exists between northern Indochina and northwestern Borneo. Ahead of this the South China Sea (SCS) trough is located at a convergent center west of the Philippines, which provides an environment favorable for rain-producing synoptic systems to produce rainfall over this center and form the SCS summer rainfall center. Revealed from the x–t diagram for rainfall, this rainfall center is developed by multiple-scale processes involved with the SCS trough (TR), Tropical Depression (TY), interaction of the SCS trough with the easterly wave/Tropical Depression (EI), and easterly wave (EW). It is found that 56% of this rainfall center is produced by the SCS trough, while 41% is generated by the other three synoptic systems combined. Apparently, the formation of the SCS summer monsoon rainfall center is contributed to by these four rain-producing synoptic systems from the SCS and the Philippines Sea. The Southeast Asian summer monsoon undergoes an interan...
-
Interannual variation of the Tropical cyclone activity over the Western North Pacific
Journal of Climate, 2006Co-Authors: Tsingchang Chen, Shihyu Wang, Mingcheng YenAbstract:Abstract An effort was made to search for relationships between interannual variations of population, lifetime, genesis locations, and intensity of named typhoons and numbered Tropical Depressions in the western North Pacific during the 1979–2002 period. To support this research task, climatological relationships of Tropical cyclone characteristics were also investigated for these cyclones. Major findings of this study are summarized as follows: Climatology: Measured by the intensity scale of the Japan Meteorological Agency, three groups of Tropical cyclones were identified in terms of population versus intensity: Group 1 [Tropical Depression (TD) + typhoon (TY)], Group 2 (strong + very strong TY), and Group 3 (catastrophic TY). This group division coincides with that formed in terms of lifetime of Tropical cyclones versus intensity. Weak cyclones (Group 1) have a larger population than strong cyclones (Group 3), while the former group has shorter lifetime than the latter group. For genesis locations, the...
-
role of the monsoon gyre in the interannual variation of Tropical cyclone formation over the western north pacific
Weather and Forecasting, 2004Co-Authors: Tsingchang Chen, Shihyu Wang, Mingcheng Yen, William A GallusAbstract:Abstract The south-southeast periphery of a monsoon gyre in the western North Pacific (WNP) is a favorable region for Tropical cyclone/Tropical Depression (TC/TD) genesis. The TC genesis frequency is interannually modulated by the WNP monsoon circulation in response to a change in Tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST). These findings from previous studies lead to the hypothesis that the effect of Tropical Pacific SST changes on the WNP TC/TD genesis frequency is accomplished through a modulation of the monsoon gyre activity by WNP monsoon circulation variations. The 6-h TC/TD track records and NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data for the period of 1979–2002 were analyzed to test this hypothesis. Results show that roughly 70% of WNP TC/TD geneses are linked to monsoon gyres. The interannual variation of these geneses is highly correlated (with a correlation coefficient of 0.89) with that of monsoon gyre activity, which is out-of-phase with the interannual variation of SST over the NOAA Nino-3 region.
