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Joan K. Kreiss - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of circumcision on incidence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and other sexually transmitted diseases a prospective cohort study of Trucking Company employees in kenya
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1999Co-Authors: Ludo Lavreys, Joel P. Rakwar, Mary Lou Thompson, Denis J. Jackson, Job J. Bwayo, Kishor Mandaliya, J O Ndinyaachola, Bhavna Chohan, Joan K. KreissAbstract:To determine the effect of circumcision status on acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 and other sexually transmitted diseases, a prospective cohort study of 746 HIV-1‐seronegative Trucking Company employees was conducted in Mombasa, Kenya. During the course of follow-up, 43 men acquired HIV-1 antibodies, yielding an annual incidence of 3.0%. The annual incidences of genital ulcers and urethritis were 4.2% and 15.5%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, after controlling for demographic and behavioral variables, uncircumcised status was an independent risk factor for HIV-1 infection (hazard rate ratio [HRR ; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9‐8.3) and genital ulcer disease ( ; 95% ] 5 4.0 HRR 5 2.5 CI, 1.1‐5.3). Circumcision status had no effect on the acquisition of urethral infections and genital warts. In this prospective cohort of Trucking Company employees, uncircumcised status was associated with increased risk of HIV-1 infection and genital ulcer disease, and these effects remained after controlling for potential confounders.
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cofactors for the acquisition of hiv 1 among heterosexual men prospective cohort study of Trucking Company workers in kenya
AIDS, 1999Co-Authors: Joel P. Rakwar, Ludo Lavreys, Mary Lou Thompson, Denis J. Jackson, Job J. Bwayo, Salim Hassanali, Kishor Mandaliya, J O Ndinyaachola, Joan K. KreissAbstract:The objective was to determine the prevalence incidence and correlates of HIV-1 infection in a cohort of East African Trucking Company employees. HIV-1-seronegative Trucking Company employees were enrolled in a prospective cohort study and evaluated at 3 monthly intervals for HIV-1 seroconversion sexually transmitted diseases and sexual behavior. The baseline seroprevalence of HIV-1 among 1500 Trucking Company employees was 17.8%. Among 752 HIV-1-seronegative men who were followed the HIV-1 annual seroincidence was 3.1%. In univariate analysis HIV-1 acquisition was associated with age under 25 years 10 years or less of sexual activity occupation as a driver/drivers assistant occupational travel for more than 14 days/month religion other than Christian or Muslim uncircumcised status sex with a prostitute sex with a girlfriend/casual partner extramarital sex and enrollment seropositivity to Treponema pallidum Hemophilus ducreyi and Herpes simplex virus type 2 (all P values
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Antibody to Haemophilus ducreyi among Trucking Company workers in Kenya.
Sexually transmitted diseases, 1997Co-Authors: Joel P. Rakwar, Denis J. Jackson, Job J. Bwayo, Kishor Mandaliya, Stephen Moses, Jo Ndinya-achola, Ian Maclean, Tom Obongo, Heidi Smith, Joan K. KreissAbstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence, correlates, and incidence of Haemophilus ducreyi antibodies, a cohort of East African Trucking Company employees was evaluated. STUDY DESIGN Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-seronegative men working in six Trucking companies in Mombasa, Kenya, were evaluated with a questionnaire and serologic testing for antibodies to H. ducreyi and other sexually transmitted pathogens. Men who were initially H. ducreyi seronegative were retested at 1 year of follow-up. RESULTS The H. ducreyi seroprevalence among 501 men at enrollment was 26.5%. Seropositivity was significantly associated with older age, married status, years of active sex life, number of sex partners in the past year, history of unprotected sex with a prostitute in the past year, and history of alcohol intake (all P values < 0.01). Occupational travel for more than 14 days per month was also significantly associated with H. ducreyi seropositivity (odds ratio [OR] 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-3.2). Using multivariate analysis, H. ducreyi seropositivity was independently associated with age, married status, history of sex with a prostitute, and history of alcohol intake. Presence of H. ducreyi antibodies was significantly associated with seropositivity to the other major genital ulcerative pathogens, Treponema pallidum (OR 4.3, 95% CI 2.2-8.3), herpes simplex virus type 2 (OR 4.9, 95% CI 2.0-11.5), and Chlamydia trachomatis (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.5-6.9). These associations remained significant after adjusting for demographic and exposure variables. The incidence of seroconversion to H. ducreyi antibodies was 3.6 per 100 person years. CONCLUSIONS Serologic evidence of H. ducreyi infection was common among male Trucking Company employees. H. ducreyi seropositivity is an objective marker of high-risk behavior and is associated with serologic evidence of other ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases.
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Decreased incidence of sexually transmitted diseases among Trucking Company workers in Kenya: results of a behavioural risk-reduction programme
AIDS (London England), 1997Co-Authors: Denis J. Jackson, Joel P. Rakwar, Job J. Bwayo, Harold L. Martin, Kishor Mandaliya, Stephen Moses, Jo Ndinya-achola, Bhavna Chohan, Barbra A. Richardson, Joan K. KreissAbstract:Objective: To establish a cohort of high-risk individuals suitable for HIV-prevention trials, and to measure changes in sexual behaviour and sexually transmitted disease (STD) incidence after a behavioural intervention. Design: Prospective cohort study in Trucking Company depots in Mombasa, Kenya. Participants: A total of 556 male HIV-seronegative employees of Trucking companies. Interventions: HIV serological testing, individual counselling, condom promotion, STD diagnosis and management. Main outcome measures: Sexual risk behaviour and symptomatic STD incidence. Results: Using time-trend modelling, significant declines in self-reported high-risk sexual behaviour were demonstrated during a 1-year follow-up. The percentage of men reporting any extramarital sex during the 3-month period prior to a follow-up visit decreased from 49% during the first quarter of follow-up to 36% during the last quarter (P < 0.001). The decline in reported female sex worker contact was from 12% to 6% (P = 0.001). Approximately 30% of men reported consistent condom use during extramarital sex and this percentage remained unchanged during the study period. The incidence of STD declined from 34 per 100 person years (PY) during the first quarter to 10 per 100 PY during the last quarter (P = 0.001). Significant reductions in gonorrhoea (15 to five cases per 100 PY, P = 0.04), non-gonococcal urethritis (10 to two cases per 100 PY, P = 0.05), and genital ulcer disease (nine to two cases per 100 PY, P = 0.02) were observed. Conclusions: Among truck Company workers who participated in a cohort study in Mombasa, Kenya, there was a significant decrease in sex with high-risk partners, but no change in condom use. The change in heterosexual risk behaviour was accompanied by a significant decrease in incidence of gonorrhoea, non-gonococcal urethritis, and genital ulcer disease.
Joel P. Rakwar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of circumcision on incidence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and other sexually transmitted diseases a prospective cohort study of Trucking Company employees in kenya
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1999Co-Authors: Ludo Lavreys, Joel P. Rakwar, Mary Lou Thompson, Denis J. Jackson, Job J. Bwayo, Kishor Mandaliya, J O Ndinyaachola, Bhavna Chohan, Joan K. KreissAbstract:To determine the effect of circumcision status on acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 and other sexually transmitted diseases, a prospective cohort study of 746 HIV-1‐seronegative Trucking Company employees was conducted in Mombasa, Kenya. During the course of follow-up, 43 men acquired HIV-1 antibodies, yielding an annual incidence of 3.0%. The annual incidences of genital ulcers and urethritis were 4.2% and 15.5%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, after controlling for demographic and behavioral variables, uncircumcised status was an independent risk factor for HIV-1 infection (hazard rate ratio [HRR ; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9‐8.3) and genital ulcer disease ( ; 95% ] 5 4.0 HRR 5 2.5 CI, 1.1‐5.3). Circumcision status had no effect on the acquisition of urethral infections and genital warts. In this prospective cohort of Trucking Company employees, uncircumcised status was associated with increased risk of HIV-1 infection and genital ulcer disease, and these effects remained after controlling for potential confounders.
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cofactors for the acquisition of hiv 1 among heterosexual men prospective cohort study of Trucking Company workers in kenya
AIDS, 1999Co-Authors: Joel P. Rakwar, Ludo Lavreys, Mary Lou Thompson, Denis J. Jackson, Job J. Bwayo, Salim Hassanali, Kishor Mandaliya, J O Ndinyaachola, Joan K. KreissAbstract:The objective was to determine the prevalence incidence and correlates of HIV-1 infection in a cohort of East African Trucking Company employees. HIV-1-seronegative Trucking Company employees were enrolled in a prospective cohort study and evaluated at 3 monthly intervals for HIV-1 seroconversion sexually transmitted diseases and sexual behavior. The baseline seroprevalence of HIV-1 among 1500 Trucking Company employees was 17.8%. Among 752 HIV-1-seronegative men who were followed the HIV-1 annual seroincidence was 3.1%. In univariate analysis HIV-1 acquisition was associated with age under 25 years 10 years or less of sexual activity occupation as a driver/drivers assistant occupational travel for more than 14 days/month religion other than Christian or Muslim uncircumcised status sex with a prostitute sex with a girlfriend/casual partner extramarital sex and enrollment seropositivity to Treponema pallidum Hemophilus ducreyi and Herpes simplex virus type 2 (all P values
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Antibody to Haemophilus ducreyi among Trucking Company workers in Kenya.
Sexually transmitted diseases, 1997Co-Authors: Joel P. Rakwar, Denis J. Jackson, Job J. Bwayo, Kishor Mandaliya, Stephen Moses, Jo Ndinya-achola, Ian Maclean, Tom Obongo, Heidi Smith, Joan K. KreissAbstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence, correlates, and incidence of Haemophilus ducreyi antibodies, a cohort of East African Trucking Company employees was evaluated. STUDY DESIGN Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-seronegative men working in six Trucking companies in Mombasa, Kenya, were evaluated with a questionnaire and serologic testing for antibodies to H. ducreyi and other sexually transmitted pathogens. Men who were initially H. ducreyi seronegative were retested at 1 year of follow-up. RESULTS The H. ducreyi seroprevalence among 501 men at enrollment was 26.5%. Seropositivity was significantly associated with older age, married status, years of active sex life, number of sex partners in the past year, history of unprotected sex with a prostitute in the past year, and history of alcohol intake (all P values < 0.01). Occupational travel for more than 14 days per month was also significantly associated with H. ducreyi seropositivity (odds ratio [OR] 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-3.2). Using multivariate analysis, H. ducreyi seropositivity was independently associated with age, married status, history of sex with a prostitute, and history of alcohol intake. Presence of H. ducreyi antibodies was significantly associated with seropositivity to the other major genital ulcerative pathogens, Treponema pallidum (OR 4.3, 95% CI 2.2-8.3), herpes simplex virus type 2 (OR 4.9, 95% CI 2.0-11.5), and Chlamydia trachomatis (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.5-6.9). These associations remained significant after adjusting for demographic and exposure variables. The incidence of seroconversion to H. ducreyi antibodies was 3.6 per 100 person years. CONCLUSIONS Serologic evidence of H. ducreyi infection was common among male Trucking Company employees. H. ducreyi seropositivity is an objective marker of high-risk behavior and is associated with serologic evidence of other ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases.
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Decreased incidence of sexually transmitted diseases among Trucking Company workers in Kenya: results of a behavioural risk-reduction programme
AIDS (London England), 1997Co-Authors: Denis J. Jackson, Joel P. Rakwar, Job J. Bwayo, Harold L. Martin, Kishor Mandaliya, Stephen Moses, Jo Ndinya-achola, Bhavna Chohan, Barbra A. Richardson, Joan K. KreissAbstract:Objective: To establish a cohort of high-risk individuals suitable for HIV-prevention trials, and to measure changes in sexual behaviour and sexually transmitted disease (STD) incidence after a behavioural intervention. Design: Prospective cohort study in Trucking Company depots in Mombasa, Kenya. Participants: A total of 556 male HIV-seronegative employees of Trucking companies. Interventions: HIV serological testing, individual counselling, condom promotion, STD diagnosis and management. Main outcome measures: Sexual risk behaviour and symptomatic STD incidence. Results: Using time-trend modelling, significant declines in self-reported high-risk sexual behaviour were demonstrated during a 1-year follow-up. The percentage of men reporting any extramarital sex during the 3-month period prior to a follow-up visit decreased from 49% during the first quarter of follow-up to 36% during the last quarter (P < 0.001). The decline in reported female sex worker contact was from 12% to 6% (P = 0.001). Approximately 30% of men reported consistent condom use during extramarital sex and this percentage remained unchanged during the study period. The incidence of STD declined from 34 per 100 person years (PY) during the first quarter to 10 per 100 PY during the last quarter (P = 0.001). Significant reductions in gonorrhoea (15 to five cases per 100 PY, P = 0.04), non-gonococcal urethritis (10 to two cases per 100 PY, P = 0.05), and genital ulcer disease (nine to two cases per 100 PY, P = 0.02) were observed. Conclusions: Among truck Company workers who participated in a cohort study in Mombasa, Kenya, there was a significant decrease in sex with high-risk partners, but no change in condom use. The change in heterosexual risk behaviour was accompanied by a significant decrease in incidence of gonorrhoea, non-gonococcal urethritis, and genital ulcer disease.
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Preparation for AIDS vaccine evaluation in Mombasa, Kenya: establishment of seronegative cohorts of commercial sex workers and Trucking Company employees.
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 1994Co-Authors: Harold L. Martin, Joel P. Rakwar, Denis J. Jackson, Job J. Bwayo, Kishor Mandaliya, Patrick M. Nyange, Stephen Moses, Jo Ndinya-achola, K. Holmes, Frank PlummerAbstract:In preparation for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prophylactic vaccine trials, prospective cohorts of HIV seronegative female commercial sex workers and male Trucking Company employees were established in Mombasa, Kenya, with the aims of defining HIV seroincidence and correlates of HIV seroconversion. Female and male cohorts were followed at 1- and 3-month intervals, respectively, with questionnaires, physical examinations, evaluation for sexually transmitted diseases, and HIV serologic testing. Between February and September, 1993, 1,277 women and 748 men were tested for antibodies to HIV-1. Seroprevalence was 55.4% among commercial sex workers and 17.7% among Trucking Company employees. Three hundred fifty-two HIV-seronegative women and 507 seronegative men were enrolled in the cohort studies. Annualized seroincidence rates of HIV infection were 16.4% (95% CI 8.8-27.0) among commercial sex workers and 6.6% (95% CI 2.5-13.8) among Trucking Company employees. These cohorts may be valuable resource for evaluating HIV vaccines and other potential preventive interventions.
Denis J. Jackson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of circumcision on incidence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and other sexually transmitted diseases a prospective cohort study of Trucking Company employees in kenya
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1999Co-Authors: Ludo Lavreys, Joel P. Rakwar, Mary Lou Thompson, Denis J. Jackson, Job J. Bwayo, Kishor Mandaliya, J O Ndinyaachola, Bhavna Chohan, Joan K. KreissAbstract:To determine the effect of circumcision status on acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 and other sexually transmitted diseases, a prospective cohort study of 746 HIV-1‐seronegative Trucking Company employees was conducted in Mombasa, Kenya. During the course of follow-up, 43 men acquired HIV-1 antibodies, yielding an annual incidence of 3.0%. The annual incidences of genital ulcers and urethritis were 4.2% and 15.5%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, after controlling for demographic and behavioral variables, uncircumcised status was an independent risk factor for HIV-1 infection (hazard rate ratio [HRR ; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9‐8.3) and genital ulcer disease ( ; 95% ] 5 4.0 HRR 5 2.5 CI, 1.1‐5.3). Circumcision status had no effect on the acquisition of urethral infections and genital warts. In this prospective cohort of Trucking Company employees, uncircumcised status was associated with increased risk of HIV-1 infection and genital ulcer disease, and these effects remained after controlling for potential confounders.
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cofactors for the acquisition of hiv 1 among heterosexual men prospective cohort study of Trucking Company workers in kenya
AIDS, 1999Co-Authors: Joel P. Rakwar, Ludo Lavreys, Mary Lou Thompson, Denis J. Jackson, Job J. Bwayo, Salim Hassanali, Kishor Mandaliya, J O Ndinyaachola, Joan K. KreissAbstract:The objective was to determine the prevalence incidence and correlates of HIV-1 infection in a cohort of East African Trucking Company employees. HIV-1-seronegative Trucking Company employees were enrolled in a prospective cohort study and evaluated at 3 monthly intervals for HIV-1 seroconversion sexually transmitted diseases and sexual behavior. The baseline seroprevalence of HIV-1 among 1500 Trucking Company employees was 17.8%. Among 752 HIV-1-seronegative men who were followed the HIV-1 annual seroincidence was 3.1%. In univariate analysis HIV-1 acquisition was associated with age under 25 years 10 years or less of sexual activity occupation as a driver/drivers assistant occupational travel for more than 14 days/month religion other than Christian or Muslim uncircumcised status sex with a prostitute sex with a girlfriend/casual partner extramarital sex and enrollment seropositivity to Treponema pallidum Hemophilus ducreyi and Herpes simplex virus type 2 (all P values
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Antibody to Haemophilus ducreyi among Trucking Company workers in Kenya.
Sexually transmitted diseases, 1997Co-Authors: Joel P. Rakwar, Denis J. Jackson, Job J. Bwayo, Kishor Mandaliya, Stephen Moses, Jo Ndinya-achola, Ian Maclean, Tom Obongo, Heidi Smith, Joan K. KreissAbstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence, correlates, and incidence of Haemophilus ducreyi antibodies, a cohort of East African Trucking Company employees was evaluated. STUDY DESIGN Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-seronegative men working in six Trucking companies in Mombasa, Kenya, were evaluated with a questionnaire and serologic testing for antibodies to H. ducreyi and other sexually transmitted pathogens. Men who were initially H. ducreyi seronegative were retested at 1 year of follow-up. RESULTS The H. ducreyi seroprevalence among 501 men at enrollment was 26.5%. Seropositivity was significantly associated with older age, married status, years of active sex life, number of sex partners in the past year, history of unprotected sex with a prostitute in the past year, and history of alcohol intake (all P values < 0.01). Occupational travel for more than 14 days per month was also significantly associated with H. ducreyi seropositivity (odds ratio [OR] 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-3.2). Using multivariate analysis, H. ducreyi seropositivity was independently associated with age, married status, history of sex with a prostitute, and history of alcohol intake. Presence of H. ducreyi antibodies was significantly associated with seropositivity to the other major genital ulcerative pathogens, Treponema pallidum (OR 4.3, 95% CI 2.2-8.3), herpes simplex virus type 2 (OR 4.9, 95% CI 2.0-11.5), and Chlamydia trachomatis (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.5-6.9). These associations remained significant after adjusting for demographic and exposure variables. The incidence of seroconversion to H. ducreyi antibodies was 3.6 per 100 person years. CONCLUSIONS Serologic evidence of H. ducreyi infection was common among male Trucking Company employees. H. ducreyi seropositivity is an objective marker of high-risk behavior and is associated with serologic evidence of other ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases.
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Decreased incidence of sexually transmitted diseases among Trucking Company workers in Kenya: results of a behavioural risk-reduction programme
AIDS (London England), 1997Co-Authors: Denis J. Jackson, Joel P. Rakwar, Job J. Bwayo, Harold L. Martin, Kishor Mandaliya, Stephen Moses, Jo Ndinya-achola, Bhavna Chohan, Barbra A. Richardson, Joan K. KreissAbstract:Objective: To establish a cohort of high-risk individuals suitable for HIV-prevention trials, and to measure changes in sexual behaviour and sexually transmitted disease (STD) incidence after a behavioural intervention. Design: Prospective cohort study in Trucking Company depots in Mombasa, Kenya. Participants: A total of 556 male HIV-seronegative employees of Trucking companies. Interventions: HIV serological testing, individual counselling, condom promotion, STD diagnosis and management. Main outcome measures: Sexual risk behaviour and symptomatic STD incidence. Results: Using time-trend modelling, significant declines in self-reported high-risk sexual behaviour were demonstrated during a 1-year follow-up. The percentage of men reporting any extramarital sex during the 3-month period prior to a follow-up visit decreased from 49% during the first quarter of follow-up to 36% during the last quarter (P < 0.001). The decline in reported female sex worker contact was from 12% to 6% (P = 0.001). Approximately 30% of men reported consistent condom use during extramarital sex and this percentage remained unchanged during the study period. The incidence of STD declined from 34 per 100 person years (PY) during the first quarter to 10 per 100 PY during the last quarter (P = 0.001). Significant reductions in gonorrhoea (15 to five cases per 100 PY, P = 0.04), non-gonococcal urethritis (10 to two cases per 100 PY, P = 0.05), and genital ulcer disease (nine to two cases per 100 PY, P = 0.02) were observed. Conclusions: Among truck Company workers who participated in a cohort study in Mombasa, Kenya, there was a significant decrease in sex with high-risk partners, but no change in condom use. The change in heterosexual risk behaviour was accompanied by a significant decrease in incidence of gonorrhoea, non-gonococcal urethritis, and genital ulcer disease.
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Preparation for AIDS vaccine evaluation in Mombasa, Kenya: establishment of seronegative cohorts of commercial sex workers and Trucking Company employees.
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 1994Co-Authors: Harold L. Martin, Joel P. Rakwar, Denis J. Jackson, Job J. Bwayo, Kishor Mandaliya, Patrick M. Nyange, Stephen Moses, Jo Ndinya-achola, K. Holmes, Frank PlummerAbstract:In preparation for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prophylactic vaccine trials, prospective cohorts of HIV seronegative female commercial sex workers and male Trucking Company employees were established in Mombasa, Kenya, with the aims of defining HIV seroincidence and correlates of HIV seroconversion. Female and male cohorts were followed at 1- and 3-month intervals, respectively, with questionnaires, physical examinations, evaluation for sexually transmitted diseases, and HIV serologic testing. Between February and September, 1993, 1,277 women and 748 men were tested for antibodies to HIV-1. Seroprevalence was 55.4% among commercial sex workers and 17.7% among Trucking Company employees. Three hundred fifty-two HIV-seronegative women and 507 seronegative men were enrolled in the cohort studies. Annualized seroincidence rates of HIV infection were 16.4% (95% CI 8.8-27.0) among commercial sex workers and 6.6% (95% CI 2.5-13.8) among Trucking Company employees. These cohorts may be valuable resource for evaluating HIV vaccines and other potential preventive interventions.
Job J. Bwayo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of circumcision on incidence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and other sexually transmitted diseases a prospective cohort study of Trucking Company employees in kenya
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1999Co-Authors: Ludo Lavreys, Joel P. Rakwar, Mary Lou Thompson, Denis J. Jackson, Job J. Bwayo, Kishor Mandaliya, J O Ndinyaachola, Bhavna Chohan, Joan K. KreissAbstract:To determine the effect of circumcision status on acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 and other sexually transmitted diseases, a prospective cohort study of 746 HIV-1‐seronegative Trucking Company employees was conducted in Mombasa, Kenya. During the course of follow-up, 43 men acquired HIV-1 antibodies, yielding an annual incidence of 3.0%. The annual incidences of genital ulcers and urethritis were 4.2% and 15.5%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, after controlling for demographic and behavioral variables, uncircumcised status was an independent risk factor for HIV-1 infection (hazard rate ratio [HRR ; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9‐8.3) and genital ulcer disease ( ; 95% ] 5 4.0 HRR 5 2.5 CI, 1.1‐5.3). Circumcision status had no effect on the acquisition of urethral infections and genital warts. In this prospective cohort of Trucking Company employees, uncircumcised status was associated with increased risk of HIV-1 infection and genital ulcer disease, and these effects remained after controlling for potential confounders.
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cofactors for the acquisition of hiv 1 among heterosexual men prospective cohort study of Trucking Company workers in kenya
AIDS, 1999Co-Authors: Joel P. Rakwar, Ludo Lavreys, Mary Lou Thompson, Denis J. Jackson, Job J. Bwayo, Salim Hassanali, Kishor Mandaliya, J O Ndinyaachola, Joan K. KreissAbstract:The objective was to determine the prevalence incidence and correlates of HIV-1 infection in a cohort of East African Trucking Company employees. HIV-1-seronegative Trucking Company employees were enrolled in a prospective cohort study and evaluated at 3 monthly intervals for HIV-1 seroconversion sexually transmitted diseases and sexual behavior. The baseline seroprevalence of HIV-1 among 1500 Trucking Company employees was 17.8%. Among 752 HIV-1-seronegative men who were followed the HIV-1 annual seroincidence was 3.1%. In univariate analysis HIV-1 acquisition was associated with age under 25 years 10 years or less of sexual activity occupation as a driver/drivers assistant occupational travel for more than 14 days/month religion other than Christian or Muslim uncircumcised status sex with a prostitute sex with a girlfriend/casual partner extramarital sex and enrollment seropositivity to Treponema pallidum Hemophilus ducreyi and Herpes simplex virus type 2 (all P values
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Antibody to Haemophilus ducreyi among Trucking Company workers in Kenya.
Sexually transmitted diseases, 1997Co-Authors: Joel P. Rakwar, Denis J. Jackson, Job J. Bwayo, Kishor Mandaliya, Stephen Moses, Jo Ndinya-achola, Ian Maclean, Tom Obongo, Heidi Smith, Joan K. KreissAbstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence, correlates, and incidence of Haemophilus ducreyi antibodies, a cohort of East African Trucking Company employees was evaluated. STUDY DESIGN Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-seronegative men working in six Trucking companies in Mombasa, Kenya, were evaluated with a questionnaire and serologic testing for antibodies to H. ducreyi and other sexually transmitted pathogens. Men who were initially H. ducreyi seronegative were retested at 1 year of follow-up. RESULTS The H. ducreyi seroprevalence among 501 men at enrollment was 26.5%. Seropositivity was significantly associated with older age, married status, years of active sex life, number of sex partners in the past year, history of unprotected sex with a prostitute in the past year, and history of alcohol intake (all P values < 0.01). Occupational travel for more than 14 days per month was also significantly associated with H. ducreyi seropositivity (odds ratio [OR] 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-3.2). Using multivariate analysis, H. ducreyi seropositivity was independently associated with age, married status, history of sex with a prostitute, and history of alcohol intake. Presence of H. ducreyi antibodies was significantly associated with seropositivity to the other major genital ulcerative pathogens, Treponema pallidum (OR 4.3, 95% CI 2.2-8.3), herpes simplex virus type 2 (OR 4.9, 95% CI 2.0-11.5), and Chlamydia trachomatis (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.5-6.9). These associations remained significant after adjusting for demographic and exposure variables. The incidence of seroconversion to H. ducreyi antibodies was 3.6 per 100 person years. CONCLUSIONS Serologic evidence of H. ducreyi infection was common among male Trucking Company employees. H. ducreyi seropositivity is an objective marker of high-risk behavior and is associated with serologic evidence of other ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases.
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Decreased incidence of sexually transmitted diseases among Trucking Company workers in Kenya: results of a behavioural risk-reduction programme
AIDS (London England), 1997Co-Authors: Denis J. Jackson, Joel P. Rakwar, Job J. Bwayo, Harold L. Martin, Kishor Mandaliya, Stephen Moses, Jo Ndinya-achola, Bhavna Chohan, Barbra A. Richardson, Joan K. KreissAbstract:Objective: To establish a cohort of high-risk individuals suitable for HIV-prevention trials, and to measure changes in sexual behaviour and sexually transmitted disease (STD) incidence after a behavioural intervention. Design: Prospective cohort study in Trucking Company depots in Mombasa, Kenya. Participants: A total of 556 male HIV-seronegative employees of Trucking companies. Interventions: HIV serological testing, individual counselling, condom promotion, STD diagnosis and management. Main outcome measures: Sexual risk behaviour and symptomatic STD incidence. Results: Using time-trend modelling, significant declines in self-reported high-risk sexual behaviour were demonstrated during a 1-year follow-up. The percentage of men reporting any extramarital sex during the 3-month period prior to a follow-up visit decreased from 49% during the first quarter of follow-up to 36% during the last quarter (P < 0.001). The decline in reported female sex worker contact was from 12% to 6% (P = 0.001). Approximately 30% of men reported consistent condom use during extramarital sex and this percentage remained unchanged during the study period. The incidence of STD declined from 34 per 100 person years (PY) during the first quarter to 10 per 100 PY during the last quarter (P = 0.001). Significant reductions in gonorrhoea (15 to five cases per 100 PY, P = 0.04), non-gonococcal urethritis (10 to two cases per 100 PY, P = 0.05), and genital ulcer disease (nine to two cases per 100 PY, P = 0.02) were observed. Conclusions: Among truck Company workers who participated in a cohort study in Mombasa, Kenya, there was a significant decrease in sex with high-risk partners, but no change in condom use. The change in heterosexual risk behaviour was accompanied by a significant decrease in incidence of gonorrhoea, non-gonococcal urethritis, and genital ulcer disease.
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Preparation for AIDS vaccine evaluation in Mombasa, Kenya: establishment of seronegative cohorts of commercial sex workers and Trucking Company employees.
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 1994Co-Authors: Harold L. Martin, Joel P. Rakwar, Denis J. Jackson, Job J. Bwayo, Kishor Mandaliya, Patrick M. Nyange, Stephen Moses, Jo Ndinya-achola, K. Holmes, Frank PlummerAbstract:In preparation for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prophylactic vaccine trials, prospective cohorts of HIV seronegative female commercial sex workers and male Trucking Company employees were established in Mombasa, Kenya, with the aims of defining HIV seroincidence and correlates of HIV seroconversion. Female and male cohorts were followed at 1- and 3-month intervals, respectively, with questionnaires, physical examinations, evaluation for sexually transmitted diseases, and HIV serologic testing. Between February and September, 1993, 1,277 women and 748 men were tested for antibodies to HIV-1. Seroprevalence was 55.4% among commercial sex workers and 17.7% among Trucking Company employees. Three hundred fifty-two HIV-seronegative women and 507 seronegative men were enrolled in the cohort studies. Annualized seroincidence rates of HIV infection were 16.4% (95% CI 8.8-27.0) among commercial sex workers and 6.6% (95% CI 2.5-13.8) among Trucking Company employees. These cohorts may be valuable resource for evaluating HIV vaccines and other potential preventive interventions.
Kishor Mandaliya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of circumcision on incidence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and other sexually transmitted diseases a prospective cohort study of Trucking Company employees in kenya
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1999Co-Authors: Ludo Lavreys, Joel P. Rakwar, Mary Lou Thompson, Denis J. Jackson, Job J. Bwayo, Kishor Mandaliya, J O Ndinyaachola, Bhavna Chohan, Joan K. KreissAbstract:To determine the effect of circumcision status on acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 and other sexually transmitted diseases, a prospective cohort study of 746 HIV-1‐seronegative Trucking Company employees was conducted in Mombasa, Kenya. During the course of follow-up, 43 men acquired HIV-1 antibodies, yielding an annual incidence of 3.0%. The annual incidences of genital ulcers and urethritis were 4.2% and 15.5%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, after controlling for demographic and behavioral variables, uncircumcised status was an independent risk factor for HIV-1 infection (hazard rate ratio [HRR ; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9‐8.3) and genital ulcer disease ( ; 95% ] 5 4.0 HRR 5 2.5 CI, 1.1‐5.3). Circumcision status had no effect on the acquisition of urethral infections and genital warts. In this prospective cohort of Trucking Company employees, uncircumcised status was associated with increased risk of HIV-1 infection and genital ulcer disease, and these effects remained after controlling for potential confounders.
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cofactors for the acquisition of hiv 1 among heterosexual men prospective cohort study of Trucking Company workers in kenya
AIDS, 1999Co-Authors: Joel P. Rakwar, Ludo Lavreys, Mary Lou Thompson, Denis J. Jackson, Job J. Bwayo, Salim Hassanali, Kishor Mandaliya, J O Ndinyaachola, Joan K. KreissAbstract:The objective was to determine the prevalence incidence and correlates of HIV-1 infection in a cohort of East African Trucking Company employees. HIV-1-seronegative Trucking Company employees were enrolled in a prospective cohort study and evaluated at 3 monthly intervals for HIV-1 seroconversion sexually transmitted diseases and sexual behavior. The baseline seroprevalence of HIV-1 among 1500 Trucking Company employees was 17.8%. Among 752 HIV-1-seronegative men who were followed the HIV-1 annual seroincidence was 3.1%. In univariate analysis HIV-1 acquisition was associated with age under 25 years 10 years or less of sexual activity occupation as a driver/drivers assistant occupational travel for more than 14 days/month religion other than Christian or Muslim uncircumcised status sex with a prostitute sex with a girlfriend/casual partner extramarital sex and enrollment seropositivity to Treponema pallidum Hemophilus ducreyi and Herpes simplex virus type 2 (all P values
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Antibody to Haemophilus ducreyi among Trucking Company workers in Kenya.
Sexually transmitted diseases, 1997Co-Authors: Joel P. Rakwar, Denis J. Jackson, Job J. Bwayo, Kishor Mandaliya, Stephen Moses, Jo Ndinya-achola, Ian Maclean, Tom Obongo, Heidi Smith, Joan K. KreissAbstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence, correlates, and incidence of Haemophilus ducreyi antibodies, a cohort of East African Trucking Company employees was evaluated. STUDY DESIGN Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-seronegative men working in six Trucking companies in Mombasa, Kenya, were evaluated with a questionnaire and serologic testing for antibodies to H. ducreyi and other sexually transmitted pathogens. Men who were initially H. ducreyi seronegative were retested at 1 year of follow-up. RESULTS The H. ducreyi seroprevalence among 501 men at enrollment was 26.5%. Seropositivity was significantly associated with older age, married status, years of active sex life, number of sex partners in the past year, history of unprotected sex with a prostitute in the past year, and history of alcohol intake (all P values < 0.01). Occupational travel for more than 14 days per month was also significantly associated with H. ducreyi seropositivity (odds ratio [OR] 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-3.2). Using multivariate analysis, H. ducreyi seropositivity was independently associated with age, married status, history of sex with a prostitute, and history of alcohol intake. Presence of H. ducreyi antibodies was significantly associated with seropositivity to the other major genital ulcerative pathogens, Treponema pallidum (OR 4.3, 95% CI 2.2-8.3), herpes simplex virus type 2 (OR 4.9, 95% CI 2.0-11.5), and Chlamydia trachomatis (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.5-6.9). These associations remained significant after adjusting for demographic and exposure variables. The incidence of seroconversion to H. ducreyi antibodies was 3.6 per 100 person years. CONCLUSIONS Serologic evidence of H. ducreyi infection was common among male Trucking Company employees. H. ducreyi seropositivity is an objective marker of high-risk behavior and is associated with serologic evidence of other ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases.
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Decreased incidence of sexually transmitted diseases among Trucking Company workers in Kenya: results of a behavioural risk-reduction programme
AIDS (London England), 1997Co-Authors: Denis J. Jackson, Joel P. Rakwar, Job J. Bwayo, Harold L. Martin, Kishor Mandaliya, Stephen Moses, Jo Ndinya-achola, Bhavna Chohan, Barbra A. Richardson, Joan K. KreissAbstract:Objective: To establish a cohort of high-risk individuals suitable for HIV-prevention trials, and to measure changes in sexual behaviour and sexually transmitted disease (STD) incidence after a behavioural intervention. Design: Prospective cohort study in Trucking Company depots in Mombasa, Kenya. Participants: A total of 556 male HIV-seronegative employees of Trucking companies. Interventions: HIV serological testing, individual counselling, condom promotion, STD diagnosis and management. Main outcome measures: Sexual risk behaviour and symptomatic STD incidence. Results: Using time-trend modelling, significant declines in self-reported high-risk sexual behaviour were demonstrated during a 1-year follow-up. The percentage of men reporting any extramarital sex during the 3-month period prior to a follow-up visit decreased from 49% during the first quarter of follow-up to 36% during the last quarter (P < 0.001). The decline in reported female sex worker contact was from 12% to 6% (P = 0.001). Approximately 30% of men reported consistent condom use during extramarital sex and this percentage remained unchanged during the study period. The incidence of STD declined from 34 per 100 person years (PY) during the first quarter to 10 per 100 PY during the last quarter (P = 0.001). Significant reductions in gonorrhoea (15 to five cases per 100 PY, P = 0.04), non-gonococcal urethritis (10 to two cases per 100 PY, P = 0.05), and genital ulcer disease (nine to two cases per 100 PY, P = 0.02) were observed. Conclusions: Among truck Company workers who participated in a cohort study in Mombasa, Kenya, there was a significant decrease in sex with high-risk partners, but no change in condom use. The change in heterosexual risk behaviour was accompanied by a significant decrease in incidence of gonorrhoea, non-gonococcal urethritis, and genital ulcer disease.
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Preparation for AIDS vaccine evaluation in Mombasa, Kenya: establishment of seronegative cohorts of commercial sex workers and Trucking Company employees.
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 1994Co-Authors: Harold L. Martin, Joel P. Rakwar, Denis J. Jackson, Job J. Bwayo, Kishor Mandaliya, Patrick M. Nyange, Stephen Moses, Jo Ndinya-achola, K. Holmes, Frank PlummerAbstract:In preparation for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prophylactic vaccine trials, prospective cohorts of HIV seronegative female commercial sex workers and male Trucking Company employees were established in Mombasa, Kenya, with the aims of defining HIV seroincidence and correlates of HIV seroconversion. Female and male cohorts were followed at 1- and 3-month intervals, respectively, with questionnaires, physical examinations, evaluation for sexually transmitted diseases, and HIV serologic testing. Between February and September, 1993, 1,277 women and 748 men were tested for antibodies to HIV-1. Seroprevalence was 55.4% among commercial sex workers and 17.7% among Trucking Company employees. Three hundred fifty-two HIV-seronegative women and 507 seronegative men were enrolled in the cohort studies. Annualized seroincidence rates of HIV infection were 16.4% (95% CI 8.8-27.0) among commercial sex workers and 6.6% (95% CI 2.5-13.8) among Trucking Company employees. These cohorts may be valuable resource for evaluating HIV vaccines and other potential preventive interventions.