The Experts below are selected from a list of 5712 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Arthur Villordon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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root branching and nutrient efficiency status and way forward in root and Tuber Crops
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2019Co-Authors: Luis O Duque, Arthur VillordonAbstract:Plants are immobile organisms that require roots to efficiently and cost-effectively exploit their habitat for water and nutrients. Plant root systems are dynamic structures capable of altering root branching, root angle, and root growth rates determining overall architecture. This plasticity involves belowground plant-root mediated synergies coupled through a continuum of environmental interactions and endogenous developmental processes facilitating plants to adapt to favorable or adverse soil conditions. Plant root branching is paramount to ensure adequate access to soil water and nutrients. Although substantial resources have been devoted toward this goal, significant knowledge gaps exist. In well-studied systems such as rice and maize, it has become evident that root branching plays a significant role in the acquisition of nutrients and other soil-based resources. In these crop species, specific root branching traits that confer enhanced nutrient acquisition are well-characterized and are already being incorporated into breeding populations. In contrast, the understanding of root branching in root and Tuber crop productivity has lagged behind. In this review article, we highlight what is known about root branching in root and Tuber Crops (RTCs) and mark new research directions, such as the use novel phenotyping methods, examining the changes in root morphology and anatomy under nutrient stress, and germplasm screening with enhanced root architecture for more efficient nutrient capture. These directions will permit a better understanding of the interaction between root branching and nutrient acquisition in these globally important crop species.
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root system architecture and abiotic stress tolerance current knowledge in root and Tuber Crops
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2016Co-Authors: Muhammad Awais Khan, Dorcus C Gemenet, Arthur VillordonAbstract:The challenge to produce more food for a rising global population on diminishing agricultural land is complicated by the effects of climate change on agricultural productivity. Although great progress has been made in crop improvement, so far most efforts have targeted above-ground traits. Roots are essential for plant adaptation and productivity, but are less studied due to the difficulty of observing them during the plant life cycle. Root system architecture, made up of structural features like root length, spread, number, and length of lateral roots, among others, exhibits great plasticity in response to environmental changes, and could be critical to developing Crops with more efficient roots. Much of the research on root traits has thus far focused on the most common cereal Crops and model plants. As cereal yields have reached their yield potential in some regions, understanding their root system may help overcome these plateaus. However, root and Tuber Crops such as potato, sweetpotato, cassava, and yam may hold more potential for providing food security in the future, and knowledge of their root system additionally focuses directly on the edible portion. Root-trait modeling for multiple stress scenarios, together with high-throughput phenotyping and genotyping techniques, robust databases, and data analytical pipelines, may provide a valuable base for a truly inclusive ‘green revolution’. In the current review, we discuss root system architecture with special reference to root and Tuber Crops, and how knowledge on genetics of root system architecture can be manipulated to improve their tolerance to abiotic stresses.
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Root architecture and root and Tuber crop productivity.
Trends in plant science, 2014Co-Authors: Arthur Villordon, Idit Ginzberg, Nurit FironAbstract:It is becoming increasingly evident that optimization of root architecture for resource capture is vital for enabling the next green revolution. Although cereals provide half of the calories consumed by humans, root and Tuber Crops are the second major source of carbohydrates globally. Yet, knowledge of root architecture in root and Tuber species is limited. In this opinion article, we highlight what is known about the root system in root and Tuber Crops, and mark new research directions towards a better understanding of the relation between root architecture and yield. We believe that unraveling the role of root architecture in root and Tuber crop productivity will improve global food security, especially in regions with marginal soil fertility and low-input agricultural systems.
Nurit Firon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Root architecture and root and Tuber crop productivity.
Trends in plant science, 2014Co-Authors: Arthur Villordon, Idit Ginzberg, Nurit FironAbstract:It is becoming increasingly evident that optimization of root architecture for resource capture is vital for enabling the next green revolution. Although cereals provide half of the calories consumed by humans, root and Tuber Crops are the second major source of carbohydrates globally. Yet, knowledge of root architecture in root and Tuber species is limited. In this opinion article, we highlight what is known about the root system in root and Tuber Crops, and mark new research directions towards a better understanding of the relation between root architecture and yield. We believe that unraveling the role of root architecture in root and Tuber crop productivity will improve global food security, especially in regions with marginal soil fertility and low-input agricultural systems.
V Ravi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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seed certification standards for quality planting material production of cassava sweet potato lesser yam and taro
Journal of Root Crops, 2016Co-Authors: Rajendran Muthuraj, James George, V RaviAbstract:Tropical Tuber Crops are propagated through vegetative method of propagation. This method of propagation includes micropropagation which facilitates faster multiplication of true to type clones. High yielding clones can be propagated faster using vegetative method of propagation without going for generation to achieve stabilization. However, due to the presence of large number of viruses and virus like organisms, there are all possibilities for transmission of diseases through clonal propagation, many of will be lethal. Furthermore, Tuber Crops have long duration and any mistake done in the choice of cultivar, quality of planting material and seed may invite more risks to the farmers. Quality seed/planting material therefore is one of the most important determinants of Tuber crop production, which influences the output apart from other inputs like fertilizer, water management, pesticide etc. The efforts taken for several years may become futile, if true to type, healthy and disease- free planting material is not used. Therefore, quality of planting material of Tuber Crops with minimum seed certification standards assumes greater significance in the development and production of Tuber Crops.
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review on tropical root and Tuber Crops i storage methods and quality changes
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 1996Co-Authors: V Ravi, J Aked, C BalagopalanAbstract:The root Tuber Crops, including cassava, sweet potato, yams, and aroids, enjoy considerable importance as a vegetable, staple food, or raw material for small-scale industries at a global level, particularly in the less developed tropical countries. The perishability and postharvest loses of root and Tuber Crops are the major constraints in the utilization of these Crops. Several simple, low-cost traditional methods are being followed by farmers in different parts of the world to store different root and Tuber Crops in the fresh state. An account of different storage practices and constraints is reviewed in this article. Some of these methods have been studied and evaluated by different research workers. Several modern techniques, including refrigerated cold storage, freezing, chemical treatments, wax coating, and irradiation, for storing fresh tropical Tubers are also reviewed. The pre- and postharvest factors to be considered for postharvest storage of different root and Tuber Crops are incorporated into the review.
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review on tropical root and Tuber Crops ii physiological disorders in freshly stored roots and Tubers
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 1996Co-Authors: V Ravi, J AkedAbstract:Tropical root and Tubers, including cassava, sweet potato, yams and aroids, have been reported to show an increase in respiratory activity after harvest and injury and subsequent storage in association with their deterioration. This leads to loss of water and carbohydrate. Cassava roots often show discoloration of the tissue with development of pigments in the xylem vessels (vascular streaking or primary/physiological deterioration). This has been established to be enzymatic in nature. Pruning the cassava stem, leaving about a 20- to 30-cm stub prior to harvest, could delay the onset of primary deterioration. Sweet potato roots and yam Tubers show a peak respiratory activity immediately or 1 d after harvest. The respiratory rate, however, declines during the subsequent storage period. Yam Tubers show a further increase in respiratory activity at the breakage of dormancy occurring at the time of sprouting. Dormancy in yam Tubers has been studied in some detail. Different species of yams vary in their dormancy period, a major factor that accounts for the variation in their storage life. Little information is available on the dormancy of sweet potato and aroids. Tropical roots and Tubers exhibit "chilling injury" when stored at temperatures below a critical level. The critical cold-storage temperatures range between 10 and 15 degrees C for different tropical root and Tuber Crops.
J Aked - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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review on tropical root and Tuber Crops i storage methods and quality changes
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 1996Co-Authors: V Ravi, J Aked, C BalagopalanAbstract:The root Tuber Crops, including cassava, sweet potato, yams, and aroids, enjoy considerable importance as a vegetable, staple food, or raw material for small-scale industries at a global level, particularly in the less developed tropical countries. The perishability and postharvest loses of root and Tuber Crops are the major constraints in the utilization of these Crops. Several simple, low-cost traditional methods are being followed by farmers in different parts of the world to store different root and Tuber Crops in the fresh state. An account of different storage practices and constraints is reviewed in this article. Some of these methods have been studied and evaluated by different research workers. Several modern techniques, including refrigerated cold storage, freezing, chemical treatments, wax coating, and irradiation, for storing fresh tropical Tubers are also reviewed. The pre- and postharvest factors to be considered for postharvest storage of different root and Tuber Crops are incorporated into the review.
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review on tropical root and Tuber Crops ii physiological disorders in freshly stored roots and Tubers
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 1996Co-Authors: V Ravi, J AkedAbstract:Tropical root and Tubers, including cassava, sweet potato, yams and aroids, have been reported to show an increase in respiratory activity after harvest and injury and subsequent storage in association with their deterioration. This leads to loss of water and carbohydrate. Cassava roots often show discoloration of the tissue with development of pigments in the xylem vessels (vascular streaking or primary/physiological deterioration). This has been established to be enzymatic in nature. Pruning the cassava stem, leaving about a 20- to 30-cm stub prior to harvest, could delay the onset of primary deterioration. Sweet potato roots and yam Tubers show a peak respiratory activity immediately or 1 d after harvest. The respiratory rate, however, declines during the subsequent storage period. Yam Tubers show a further increase in respiratory activity at the breakage of dormancy occurring at the time of sprouting. Dormancy in yam Tubers has been studied in some detail. Different species of yams vary in their dormancy period, a major factor that accounts for the variation in their storage life. Little information is available on the dormancy of sweet potato and aroids. Tropical roots and Tubers exhibit "chilling injury" when stored at temperatures below a critical level. The critical cold-storage temperatures range between 10 and 15 degrees C for different tropical root and Tuber Crops.
Akoroda M. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The root and Tuber crop farming system: diversity, complexity and productivity potential
'Informa UK Limited', 2020Co-Authors: Adjei-nsiah S., Asumugha G., Njukwe E., Akoroda M.Abstract:The root and Tuber crop farming system occurs in west and central Africa, bounded on the southern, wetter side by the tree crop farming system and on the northern, drier side by the cereal-root crop mixed farming system. The root and Tuber crop farming system occupies an estimated 236 million ha and has an estimated human population of 112 million, of whom over 50 per cent live in rural areas. Poverty is relatively high with about half the rural population earning less than US$1.25 per day. The system has a humid tropical climate with, on average, a nine-month growing season. These climatic conditions support the characteristic root and Tuber Crops (cassava, cocoyam, yam and sweet potatoes) complemented by some tree Crops (oil palm, cocoa, rubber, cashew and mangoes) and cereals (maize, rice, sorghum and millet) and small numbers of livestock – making it a highly diverse and complex farming system with stable and relatively high potential food productivity. The farming system is at an early stage of development, mainly focused on household food security. Markets are generally poorly developed, although there are pockets of semi-commercial farming. Total cultivated area is nearly 23 million ha, of which little is irrigated. Farm sizes are generally small, usually less than 2 ha. Crop production is mostly subsistence. Female members of farm households have an important role in the farming system, especially in the production and processing of root and Tuber Crops. The farming system has great potential because of its high biomass productivity combined with its suitability for commercial tree Crops, root and Tuber Crops as well as horticulture, and proximity to major urban centres and export ports. In coming years, the system is expected to expand production of tree, root and Tuber Crops to meet the food needs of a rapidly increasing urban population. Increased productivity requires wider use of high-yielding crop varieties coupled with integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) to replenish declining soil fertility. Strategic priorities for the sector include market-oriented intensification through the use of improved varieties and ISFM technologies, complemented by diversification to include cereals, other annual Crops and ruminant production. This intensification and diversification requires farmer training, increased research and extension capacity, investment in transport and market infrastructure, and national policies that promote roots and Tubers as both food security and industrial Crops supported by public-private partnerships.Peer Revie
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The root and Tuber crop farming system: diversity, complexity and productivity potential
'Informa UK Limited', 2020Co-Authors: Adjei-nsiah Samuel, Asumugha G., Njukwe E., Akoroda M.Abstract:The root and Tuber crop farming system occurs in west and central Africa, bounded on the southern, wetter side by the tree crop farming system and on the northern, drier side by the cereal-root crop mixed farming system. The root and Tuber crop farming system occupies an estimated 236 million ha and has an estimated human population of 112 million, of whom over 50 per cent live in rural areas. Poverty is relatively high with about half the rural population earning less than US$1.25 per day. The system has a humid tropical climate with, on average, a nine-month growing season. These climatic conditions support the characteristic root and Tuber Crops (cassava, cocoyam, yam and sweet potatoes) complemented by some tree Crops (oil palm, cocoa, rubber, cashew and mangoes) and cereals (maize, rice, sorghum and millet) and small numbers of livestock – making it a highly diverse and complex farming system with stable and relatively high potential food productivity. The farming system is at an early stage of development, mainly focused on household food security. Markets are generally poorly developed, although there are pockets of semi-commercial farming. Total cultivated area is nearly 23 million ha, of which little is irrigated. Farm sizes are generally small, usually less than 2 ha. Crop production is mostly subsistence. Female members of farm households have an important role in the farming system, especially in the production and processing of root and Tuber Crops. The farming system has great potential because of its high biomass productivity combined with its suitability for commercial tree Crops, root and Tuber Crops as well as horticulture, and proximity to major urban centres and export ports. In coming years, the system is expected to expand production of tree, root and Tuber Crops to meet the food needs of a rapidly increasing urban population. Increased productivity requires wider use of high-yielding crop varieties coupled with integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) to replenish declining soil fertility. Strategic priorities for the sector include market-oriented intensification through the use of improved varieties and ISFM technologies, complemented by diversification to include cereals, other annual Crops and ruminant production. This intensification and diversification requires farmer training, increased research and extension capacity, investment in transport and market infrastructure, and national policies that promote roots and Tubers as both food security and industrial Crops supported by public-private partnerships
