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Lee Sangji - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Bird Species Diversity in Turkey and Remote Sensing Habitat Parameters
Avrasya Yerbilimleri Enstitüsü, 2019Co-Authors: Lee SangjiAbstract:Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Yüksek LisansTez (eng) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Avrasya Yer Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek LisansEcosystems are large and difficult to access. Therefore, it is difficult to measure the biodiversity. However, The development of various remote sensing technologies makes ecosystem research easier and more accurate than ever before. In this thesis, MODIS was used in the main study of Turkey as a whole, and LiDAR was used in further studies in some parts of the Black Sea. It is inevitable that biodiversity is decreasing worldwide. Various natural and physical influences are changing the living place. This study was geared towards Birds living in Turkey. Bird populations and species are also decreasing in Turkey due to environmental and climate changes. (boyla et al, 2019). This study identified the relationship between Bird species richness and vegetation, which is considered a major habitat for Birds. Several studies have already shown that they are positively correlated.(Liang et al, 2018; Seto et al, 2004) There is a need to identify Turkey as a case. I wanted to see if the relationship could be confirmed with the vegetation index, a single parameter. Analysis of the relationship between all Bird species and vegetation observed in Turkey, including species that do not have vegetation as their habitat. Remote sensing data was used to obtain vegetation information. The study used NDVI and EVI via MODIS Terra. First, I mapped three years of changes in NDVI and EVI from 2015 to 2017 throughout Turkey. All of them decreased every year. The trend were similar, but EVI was generally lower than NDVI, as usual. The map shows that the vegetation of the central inland regions of Turkey is further reduced. To check the relationship with the obtained vegetation index, Bird species data was extracted from Turkish Breeding Bird atlas data during the same 2015-2017 period was identified. Both NDVI and EVI showed a positive correlation with the Bird species data. Especially, the maximum value of NDVI correlated strongly with Bir Species Richness. And, the mean values were most correlated in EVI. It is believed that EVI is sensitive to the terrain. (Matsushita et al, 2007) In addition, the correlation with 2017 was highist. Even 2015 EVI was analyzed to be independent of Bird species richness. It was found that the Species richness at the same time has changed with the decrease of vegetation. The results of this study provide an overall review of the positive correlation between Bird species richness and vegetation in Turkey. Furthermore, the usefulness of NDVI and EVI was confirmed again. After the main research as above, to understand the forest area in some areas a more detailed study was attempted. Further research on forest structure and Bird diversity in local areas has been conducted. I used light detection and ranging (LiDAR) to collect more accurate high-resolution data for forest structure analysis. The two forests of each 0.4 km wide and 10 km long are selected from the forests with high Bird species richness and relatively low Bird species richness and their structural analysis using the LiDAR poind cloud data and the CHMs classification which one of forest metrics greatest influence on Birds habitat. In addition, I used forest management plans data to analyze the differences in specific tree types and growth levels in each region. Under the assumption that species observed in the Atlas square (50km x 50km), can live in or stay in all the forests in that square. The results were that CHM was similar in overall trend, but the region with high species richness of Bird had a higher proportion of '10 -20m ' than the low species richness region. Through the DEM, I could find many ridgelines, including steep slopes in the region with high specie richness. In addition, The region of high specie richness of Bird had more varieties of trees than low specie richness region. DBH proportion was '8-19.9cm' of non-thick trees was high. At the top crown closure level, it was confirmed that both areas were dense forests with a high degree of closure. It results show the effectiveness of LiDAR in assessing forest health and productivity, and assessing habitat quality. Continued research into forests and habitats using various techniques such as LiDAR can lead to the creation of appropriate wildlife habitat models to build ecological forest management. Comprehensive correlation analyzes between habitat and other factors, climate change and forest structure etc, are required. Climate and physical changes at the time of the change in vegetation should also be identified. In order to maintain biodiversity, further research should be conducted to identify what changes are being made to the ecosystem and why these changes have occurred.Ekosistemleri geniş ve erişilmesi güçtür. Bu yüzden, biyoçeşitliliği ölçmek zordur. Ancak gelişen çeşitli uzaktan algılama sitemleri teknolojileri ile ekosistem araştırmaları hiç olmadığı kadar kolay ve doğru hale gelmiştir. Bu tezinin ana çalışmasında MODIS kullanılmıştır. Ek olarak Karadeniz'in bazı bölgelerinin detaylı bir çalışmasında LiDAR kullanılmıştır. Biyoçeşitlilğin dünya çapında azalması kaçınılmaz. Çeşitli doğal ve fiziksel etkiler yaşam alanlarını değiştirmekte. Bu çalışma Türkiye'de yaşayan kuşlara yöneliktir.Türkiye'de kuş nüfusu ve türleri de çevresel ve iklim değişikliklerinden dolayı azalmaktadır. (boyla et al, 2019). Bu çalışma kuş türleri için başlıca habitat olarak kabul edilen bitki örtüsü ve kuş türü zenginliği arasındaki ilişkiyi tanımlamıştır.Bir çok çalışma aralarındaki pozitif korelasyonu ortaya çıkarmıştır. .(Liang et al, 2018; Seto et al, 2004) Ancak Türkiye'ye ayrı bir tanımlama gerekmektedir. Habitatında bitki örtüsü olmayan kuşlar dahil olmak üzere Türkiye'deki tüm tür sayıları tek bir parametre olan bitki örtüsü indeksi ile ilişkilendirip ilişkilendirilemeyeceğini görmek istedim. Bitki örtüsü bilgisini elde etmek için uzaktan algılama verileri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada MODIS Terra aracılığı ile NDVI ve EVI kullanılmıştır.Öncelikle 2015'ten 2017'ye Türkiye genelinde NDVI ve EVI deki değişiklikleri haritaladım. Hepsi her yıl düşüş gösterdi. Eğilim benzerdi ancak, EVI genellikle her zamanki gibi NDVI'dan düşüktü. Harita Türkiye'nin iç bölgelerinin bitki örtüsünün azaldığını göstermektedir. 2015-2017 yıllarında yapılan Türkiye Kuş yetiştirme atlas verilerinde kuş türleri arasındaki ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Hem NDVI hem de EVI kuş türleri verileri pozitif bir korelasyon göstermiştir.Özellikle NDVI'ın maksimum değeri kuş türü zenginliği ile büyük bir ilişki göstermiştir ve ortalama değerler en çok EVI ile ilişki göstermiştir. EVI'nin araziye duyarlı oluduğuna inanılır. (Matsushita et al, 2007) Ek olarak, 2017 ile en çok ilişki göstermektedir. 2015 EVI bile kuş türü zenginliğinden bağımsız olarak analiz edildi. Bu sayade, tür zenginliğinin bitki örtüsünün azamasıyla değiştiğini tespit ettik. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları Türkiye'deki kuş türü zenginliği ile bitki örtüsü arasındaki pozitif ilişkinin genel bir incelemesini sunmaktadır.Dahası, NDVI ve EVI'nin kullanılışlığı tekrar doğrulandı. Yukarıdaki ana araştırmadan sonra, bazı ormanlık alanları anlamak için daha ayrıntılı çalışmalar denendi. Karadeniz alanlarda orman yapısı ve kuş çeşitliliği hakkında daha fazla araştırma yapılmıştır. Buna örnek olarak orman yapısını doğru yüksek çözünürlüklü verilerle analiz etmek için "Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR)" kullanıldı. Türkiye'de Üreyen Kuş Atlası kullanılarak kuşların bol olduğu ve nispeten düşük olduğu alanlar seçildi. 0.4 km ve 10 km uzunluğunda LiDAR nokta bulutu verilerini kullanılarak Vejetasyon Sınıflaması ve Yükseklik Modeli (DEM), Sayısal Yüzey Modeli (DSM) ve Canopy Yüksekliği Modeli (CHM) analiz edildi. Çalışma alanlarındaki ağaç türleri ve ağaç büyüme düzeyindeki farklılıkları kontrol etmek için amenajman planı ve meşcere haritası verileri kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, genel CHMs eğilimleri benzer fakat tür habitatı zengin alanlar, düşük alanlardan '10 -20m' daha yüksekti. Ek olarak, DEM ile yapılan ölçümlerde kuş türü zengin alanda dik yamaçlar ve eğimler de bulunmaktaydı. Kuş türlerinin zengin olduğu alanda daha fazla ağaç türü vardı. Bu, orman türlerinin biyoçeşitliliği yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Gelişme çağları ise, kuş türlerinin zengin olduğu alanda çapları '8-19.9 cm' aralığında olan ağaçların oranı yüksekti. Tepe kapalılığı her iki alan da yüksek derecede tam kapalılığa sahip ormanlardı. Sonuçlarımız LiDAR'ın orman sağlığını, verimliliğini ve habitat kalitesini değerlendirme etkinliğini göstermektedir. LiDAR gibi çeşitli teknolojiler kullanılarak ormanlar ve habitatlar üzerine yapılan araştırmalar, uygun habitat modelleri oluşturularak ekolojik orman yönetimi oluşturulmasına yardımcı olacaktır. Habitat ve diğer föktörler, iklim değişikliği, ormanların yapısı vb. arasında kapsamlı ilişki analizleri gerekmektedir.Birki örtüsündeki değişim sırasındaki iklim ve fiziksel değişiklikler de tanımlanmalıdır.M.Sc.Yüksek Lisan
Marya Afrin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gross and Histomorphological Study of the Ovary and Oviduct of Turkey Hen with Especial Emphasis on the Sperm-Host Gland
'Baghdad University College of Veterinary Medicine', 2021Co-Authors: Mohammad Rafiqul Islam, Imam Hasan, Nure Zannat Monisha, Marya AfrinAbstract:Turkey Bird is one of the popular poultry species which is reared primarily for meat production and considered as one of the major sources of animal protein. With such importance of this species, this study was designed to investigate the gross and histomorphology of the ovary and oviduct with especial emphasis on sperm-host glands of the Turkey hen involving ten mature female Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). The present study highlighted the distribution pattern of sperm-host glands (SHGs) in the oviduct of Turkey hen that has a potential role in producing a fertile egg in poultry industries. The oviduct of Turkey consists of the infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, and vagina which are sole distributors for making nutrition enriched egg. The tissue samples were collected from the ovary, different segments of the oviduct and especially uterovaginal junction (UVJ) and infundiomagnal junction of the oviduct. The ovaries and the oviducts were dissected and fixed in Bouins solution and processed for a light microscopic study. Histologically, the left ovary of Turkey consisted of an outer cortex and inner medulla, with different stages of follicles. In all areas of the oviduct except the infundibulum and vagina, the tunica mucosa epithelium was lined with ciliated pseudo stratified columnar epithelium, and the lamina propria-submucosa contained branched tubular glands. Sperm-storage tubules were observed in the uterovaginal junction and infundibulo-magnum junction. These tubules were mostly branched, slightly coiled and extended into the lamina propria from the bases of the mucosal folds. These glands had proximal and distal parts; the proximal part was lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium and distal part by non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium. The number of sperm host glands was more at uterovaginal junction than infundibulomagnal junction. The sperm-host glands might play a functional role in the storage and release of spermatozoa from the SHGs in response to oviposition or ovulation. The results would help poultry scientists and farmers in developing effective disease control and growth strategies
Mohammad Rafiqul Islam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gross and Histomorphological Study of the Ovary and Oviduct of Turkey Hen with Especial Emphasis on the Sperm-Host Gland
'Baghdad University College of Veterinary Medicine', 2021Co-Authors: Mohammad Rafiqul Islam, Imam Hasan, Nure Zannat Monisha, Marya AfrinAbstract:Turkey Bird is one of the popular poultry species which is reared primarily for meat production and considered as one of the major sources of animal protein. With such importance of this species, this study was designed to investigate the gross and histomorphology of the ovary and oviduct with especial emphasis on sperm-host glands of the Turkey hen involving ten mature female Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). The present study highlighted the distribution pattern of sperm-host glands (SHGs) in the oviduct of Turkey hen that has a potential role in producing a fertile egg in poultry industries. The oviduct of Turkey consists of the infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, and vagina which are sole distributors for making nutrition enriched egg. The tissue samples were collected from the ovary, different segments of the oviduct and especially uterovaginal junction (UVJ) and infundiomagnal junction of the oviduct. The ovaries and the oviducts were dissected and fixed in Bouins solution and processed for a light microscopic study. Histologically, the left ovary of Turkey consisted of an outer cortex and inner medulla, with different stages of follicles. In all areas of the oviduct except the infundibulum and vagina, the tunica mucosa epithelium was lined with ciliated pseudo stratified columnar epithelium, and the lamina propria-submucosa contained branched tubular glands. Sperm-storage tubules were observed in the uterovaginal junction and infundibulo-magnum junction. These tubules were mostly branched, slightly coiled and extended into the lamina propria from the bases of the mucosal folds. These glands had proximal and distal parts; the proximal part was lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium and distal part by non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium. The number of sperm host glands was more at uterovaginal junction than infundibulomagnal junction. The sperm-host glands might play a functional role in the storage and release of spermatozoa from the SHGs in response to oviposition or ovulation. The results would help poultry scientists and farmers in developing effective disease control and growth strategies
Imam Hasan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gross and Histomorphological Study of the Ovary and Oviduct of Turkey Hen with Especial Emphasis on the Sperm-Host Gland
'Baghdad University College of Veterinary Medicine', 2021Co-Authors: Mohammad Rafiqul Islam, Imam Hasan, Nure Zannat Monisha, Marya AfrinAbstract:Turkey Bird is one of the popular poultry species which is reared primarily for meat production and considered as one of the major sources of animal protein. With such importance of this species, this study was designed to investigate the gross and histomorphology of the ovary and oviduct with especial emphasis on sperm-host glands of the Turkey hen involving ten mature female Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). The present study highlighted the distribution pattern of sperm-host glands (SHGs) in the oviduct of Turkey hen that has a potential role in producing a fertile egg in poultry industries. The oviduct of Turkey consists of the infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, and vagina which are sole distributors for making nutrition enriched egg. The tissue samples were collected from the ovary, different segments of the oviduct and especially uterovaginal junction (UVJ) and infundiomagnal junction of the oviduct. The ovaries and the oviducts were dissected and fixed in Bouins solution and processed for a light microscopic study. Histologically, the left ovary of Turkey consisted of an outer cortex and inner medulla, with different stages of follicles. In all areas of the oviduct except the infundibulum and vagina, the tunica mucosa epithelium was lined with ciliated pseudo stratified columnar epithelium, and the lamina propria-submucosa contained branched tubular glands. Sperm-storage tubules were observed in the uterovaginal junction and infundibulo-magnum junction. These tubules were mostly branched, slightly coiled and extended into the lamina propria from the bases of the mucosal folds. These glands had proximal and distal parts; the proximal part was lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium and distal part by non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium. The number of sperm host glands was more at uterovaginal junction than infundibulomagnal junction. The sperm-host glands might play a functional role in the storage and release of spermatozoa from the SHGs in response to oviposition or ovulation. The results would help poultry scientists and farmers in developing effective disease control and growth strategies
Nure Zannat Monisha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gross and Histomorphological Study of the Ovary and Oviduct of Turkey Hen with Especial Emphasis on the Sperm-Host Gland
'Baghdad University College of Veterinary Medicine', 2021Co-Authors: Mohammad Rafiqul Islam, Imam Hasan, Nure Zannat Monisha, Marya AfrinAbstract:Turkey Bird is one of the popular poultry species which is reared primarily for meat production and considered as one of the major sources of animal protein. With such importance of this species, this study was designed to investigate the gross and histomorphology of the ovary and oviduct with especial emphasis on sperm-host glands of the Turkey hen involving ten mature female Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). The present study highlighted the distribution pattern of sperm-host glands (SHGs) in the oviduct of Turkey hen that has a potential role in producing a fertile egg in poultry industries. The oviduct of Turkey consists of the infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, and vagina which are sole distributors for making nutrition enriched egg. The tissue samples were collected from the ovary, different segments of the oviduct and especially uterovaginal junction (UVJ) and infundiomagnal junction of the oviduct. The ovaries and the oviducts were dissected and fixed in Bouins solution and processed for a light microscopic study. Histologically, the left ovary of Turkey consisted of an outer cortex and inner medulla, with different stages of follicles. In all areas of the oviduct except the infundibulum and vagina, the tunica mucosa epithelium was lined with ciliated pseudo stratified columnar epithelium, and the lamina propria-submucosa contained branched tubular glands. Sperm-storage tubules were observed in the uterovaginal junction and infundibulo-magnum junction. These tubules were mostly branched, slightly coiled and extended into the lamina propria from the bases of the mucosal folds. These glands had proximal and distal parts; the proximal part was lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium and distal part by non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium. The number of sperm host glands was more at uterovaginal junction than infundibulomagnal junction. The sperm-host glands might play a functional role in the storage and release of spermatozoa from the SHGs in response to oviposition or ovulation. The results would help poultry scientists and farmers in developing effective disease control and growth strategies
