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Nancy C Tuchman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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wetland invasion by Typha glauca increases soil methane emissions
Aquatic Botany, 2017Co-Authors: Shane C. Lishawa, Nancy C Tuchman, Beth A Lawrence, Nia Hurst, Buck CastilloAbstract:Abstract Wetland invasion by monotypic dominant plants can alter the physicochemical and biological properties of soils that affect methane emissions, a potent greenhouse gas. We examined the effects of Typha × glauca invasion on soil methane using laboratory incubation and controlled mesocosm experiments. Typha-invaded soils collected from three Midwestern (USA) wetlands had greater methane production potential during laboratory incubation than soils dominated by native wet meadow vegetation. Ten years post-invasion of native plant-dominated mesocosms, Typha increased methane emissions at least three-fold (native: 15.0 ± 10.5 mg CH4-C m−2 h−1, median: 6.1 mg CH4-C m−2 h−1; Typha: mean: 45.9 ± 16.7 mg CH4-C m−2 h−1, median: 26.8 mg CH4-C m−2 h−1) under high (+10 cm) water levels, though methane emissions were negligible under low (–10 cm) water levels. Methane emissions were positively correlated with soil carbon, nitrogen, and aboveground biomass, all of which were greater in Typha-invaded mesocosms. Together, our data suggest that replacement of large tracts of native wetlands throughout eastern North America with monocultures of invasive Typha could alter regional methane emissions.
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Typha invasion associated with reduced aquatic macroinvertebrate abundance in northern lake huron coastal wetlands
Journal of Great Lakes Research, 2016Co-Authors: Shane C. Lishawa, Nancy C Tuchman, Beth A Lawrence, Kimberly BourkeAbstract:Abstract Aquatic macroinvertebrates are a critical component of wetland nutrient cycling and food webs, with many fish and wildlife species depending upon them as food resources; but little is known about how invasion by dominant macrophytes may alter community dynamics. We examined the impacts of Typha invasion on aquatic macroinvertebrate communities in three northern Great Lakes coastal wetlands by comparing community composition between stands of native emergent marsh and those dominated by invasive Typha . Typha invaded zones were associated with shallower and cooler water than native emergent zones, and we detected decreased aquatic macroinvertebrate density and biomass in invaded zones. After accounting for the positive effect of plant species richness on macroinvertebrate abundance, we observed Typha invaded coastal zones had less total macroinvertebrate and insect biomass than native zones across all levels of plant richness. Our results suggest that Typha invasion reduces habitat quality for aquatic macroinvertebrates by homogenizing structural diversity and reducing water temperatures, which in turn may negatively impact predatory organisms by decreasing food resources. We recommend experimental tests of Typha management treatments to identify techniques that may promote structurally diverse and biologically rich Great Lakes coastal wetlands.
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Wetland invasion by Typha × glauca increases soil methane emissions
Aquatic Botany, 2016Co-Authors: Beth A Lawrence, Shane C. Lishawa, Nia Hurst, Buck Castillo, Nancy C TuchmanAbstract:Abstract Wetland invasion by monotypic dominant plants can alter the physicochemical and biological properties of soils that affect methane emissions, a potent greenhouse gas. We examined the effects of Typha × glauca invasion on soil methane using laboratory incubation and controlled mesocosm experiments. Typha -invaded soils collected from three Midwestern (USA) wetlands had greater methane production potential during laboratory incubation than soils dominated by native wet meadow vegetation. Ten years post-invasion of native plant-dominated mesocosms, Typha increased methane emissions at least three-fold (native: 15.0 ± 10.5 mg CH 4 -C m −2 h −1 , median: 6.1 mg CH 4 -C m −2 h −1 ; Typha : mean: 45.9 ± 16.7 mg CH 4 -C m −2 h −1 , median: 26.8 mg CH 4 -C m −2 h −1 ) under high (+10 cm) water levels, though methane emissions were negligible under low (–10 cm) water levels. Methane emissions were positively correlated with soil carbon, nitrogen, and aboveground biomass, all of which were greater in Typha -invaded mesocosms. Together, our data suggest that replacement of large tracts of native wetlands throughout eastern North America with monocultures of invasive Typha could alter regional methane emissions.
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biomass harvest of invasive Typha promotes plant diversity in a great lakes coastal wetland
Restoration Ecology, 2015Co-Authors: Shane C. Lishawa, Nancy C Tuchman, Beth A Lawrence, Dennis A AlbertAbstract:6 Ecological and financial constraints limit restoration efforts, preventing the achievement of 7 desired ecological outcomes. Harvesting invasive plant biomass for bioenergy has the potential 8 to reduce feedback mechanisms that sustain invasion, while alleviating financial limitations. 9 Typha × glauca is a highly productive invasive wetland plant that reduces plant diversity, alters 10 ecological functioning, its impacts increase with time, and is a suitable feedstock for bioenergy. 11 We sought to determine ecological effects of Typha utilization for bioenergy in a Great Lakes 12 coastal wetland by testing plant community responses to harvest-restoration treatments in stands 13 of two age classes and assessing community resilience through a seed bank study. Belowground 14 harvesting increased light penetration, diversity, and richness, and decreased Typha dominance 15 and biomass in both years post-treatment. Aboveground harvesting increased light and reduced 16 Typha biomass in post-year 1 and in post-year 2, increased diversity and richness and decreased 17 Typha dominance. Seed bank analysis revealed that young stands ( 30 years). In the field, 19 stand-age did not affect diversity or Typha dominance, but old stands had greater Typha biomass 20 and slightly higher richness following harvest. Harvesting Typha achieved at least two desirable 21 ecological outcomes: reducing Typha dominance and increasing native plant diversity. Younger 22 stands had greater potential for native recovery, indicated by more diverse seed banks. In similar 23
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Effects of invasive Typha × glauca on wetland nutrient pools, denitrification, and bacterial communities are influenced by time since invasion
Aquatic Ecology, 2014Co-Authors: Pamela Geddes, David Treering, Tanya Grancharova, John J. Kelly, Nancy C TuchmanAbstract:Invasive plants dramatically shift the structure of native wetland communities. However, less is known about how they affect belowground soil properties, and how those effects can vary depending on time since invasion. We hypothesized that invasion of a wetland by a widespread invasive plant ( Typha × glauca ) would result in changes in soil nutrients, denitrification, and bacterial communities, and that these effects would increase with time since invasion. We tested these hypotheses by sampling Typha -invaded sites of different ages (~40, 20, and 13 years), a Typha -free, native vegetation site, and a restored site (previously invaded ~30–40 years ago) but that had Typha return within 2 years of the restoration. At each site, we measured Typha stem density, plant species richness, soil nutrients, denitrification rates, and the abundance and composition of bacterial denitrifier communities. All Typha -dominated sites had the least plant species richness regardless of time since invasion. Additionally, sites that were invaded the longest exhibited significantly higher concentrations of soil organic matter, nitrate, and ammonium than the native site. In contrast, denitrification was higher in sites invaded more recently. Denitrifier diversity for the nirS gene was also significantly different, with highest nirS diversity in sites invaded the longest. Interestingly, the denitrifier communities within the restored site were most similar to the ones in T. × glauca sites, suggesting a legacy effect. Our study suggests this invader can alter important ecosystem properties, such as native species richness, nutrient pools, and transformations, as well as bacterial community composition depending on time since invasion.
Shane C. Lishawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Submerged harvest reduces invasive Typha and increases soil macronutrient availability
Plant and Soil, 2019Co-Authors: Olivia Johnson, Shane C. Lishawa, Beth A LawrenceAbstract:We examined how mechanical management of invasive macrophyte, Typha × glauca alters plant-soil interactions underlying carbon processes and nutrient cycling, which are important to wetland function but under-represented in restoration research. In the northern Great Lakes, we compared plant biomass, light transmittance, soil nutrient availability and carbon mineralization rates of Typha-dominated controls with Typha stands harvested above the waterline (harvest) and at the soil surface (submerged harvest). Relative to controls, harvested stands had 50% less litter and twice as much light transmittance to the water surface after one year. However, Typha stems re-grew, and soil nutrient availability rates were similar to controls. Submerged harvest eliminated Typha litter and stems, and increased light transmittance through the water column. P and K soil availability rates were 70% greater with submerged harvest than in controls. Soil C mineralization rates were not affected by treatment (mean ± 1 SE; 40.11 ± 2.48 μg C-CO2 and 2.44 ± 0.85 μg C-CH4 g−1 soil C hr.−1), but were positively correlated with soil Fe availability. While submerged harvest effectively decreased invasive Typha biomass after one year, it increased soil nutrient availability, warranting further examination of macronutrient cycling and export during invasive plant management.
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Typha (Cattail) Invasion in North American Wetlands: Biology, Regional Problems, Impacts, Ecosystem Services, and Management
Wetlands, 2019Co-Authors: Sheel Bansal, Shane C. Lishawa, Sue Newman, Brian A. Tangen, Dennis Albert, Michael J. Chimney, Ryann L. Cressey, Douglas Wilcox, Michael J. Anteau, Edward DekeyserAbstract:Typha is an iconic wetland plant found worldwide. Hybridization and anthropogenic disturbances have resulted in large increases in Typha abundance in wetland ecosystems throughout North America at a cost to native floral and faunal biodiversity. As demonstrated by three regional case studies, Typha is capable of rapidly colonizing habitats and forming monodominant vegetation stands due to traits such as robust size, rapid growth rate, and rhizomatic expansion. Increased nutrient inputs into wetlands and altered hydrologic regimes are among the principal anthropogenic drivers of Typha invasion. Typha is associated with a wide range of negative ecological impacts to wetland and agricultural systems, but also is linked with a variety of ecosystem services such as bioremediation and provisioning of biomass, as well as an assortment of traditional cultural uses. Numerous physical, chemical, and hydrologic control methods are used to manage invasive Typha, but results are inconsistent and multiple methods and repeated treatments often are required. While this review focuses on invasive Typha in North America, the literature cited comes from research on Typha and other invasive species from around the world. As such, many of the underlying concepts in this review are relevant to invasive species in other wetland ecosystems worldwide.
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wetland invasion by Typha glauca increases soil methane emissions
Aquatic Botany, 2017Co-Authors: Shane C. Lishawa, Nancy C Tuchman, Beth A Lawrence, Nia Hurst, Buck CastilloAbstract:Abstract Wetland invasion by monotypic dominant plants can alter the physicochemical and biological properties of soils that affect methane emissions, a potent greenhouse gas. We examined the effects of Typha × glauca invasion on soil methane using laboratory incubation and controlled mesocosm experiments. Typha-invaded soils collected from three Midwestern (USA) wetlands had greater methane production potential during laboratory incubation than soils dominated by native wet meadow vegetation. Ten years post-invasion of native plant-dominated mesocosms, Typha increased methane emissions at least three-fold (native: 15.0 ± 10.5 mg CH4-C m−2 h−1, median: 6.1 mg CH4-C m−2 h−1; Typha: mean: 45.9 ± 16.7 mg CH4-C m−2 h−1, median: 26.8 mg CH4-C m−2 h−1) under high (+10 cm) water levels, though methane emissions were negligible under low (–10 cm) water levels. Methane emissions were positively correlated with soil carbon, nitrogen, and aboveground biomass, all of which were greater in Typha-invaded mesocosms. Together, our data suggest that replacement of large tracts of native wetlands throughout eastern North America with monocultures of invasive Typha could alter regional methane emissions.
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Typha invasion associated with reduced aquatic macroinvertebrate abundance in northern lake huron coastal wetlands
Journal of Great Lakes Research, 2016Co-Authors: Shane C. Lishawa, Nancy C Tuchman, Beth A Lawrence, Kimberly BourkeAbstract:Abstract Aquatic macroinvertebrates are a critical component of wetland nutrient cycling and food webs, with many fish and wildlife species depending upon them as food resources; but little is known about how invasion by dominant macrophytes may alter community dynamics. We examined the impacts of Typha invasion on aquatic macroinvertebrate communities in three northern Great Lakes coastal wetlands by comparing community composition between stands of native emergent marsh and those dominated by invasive Typha . Typha invaded zones were associated with shallower and cooler water than native emergent zones, and we detected decreased aquatic macroinvertebrate density and biomass in invaded zones. After accounting for the positive effect of plant species richness on macroinvertebrate abundance, we observed Typha invaded coastal zones had less total macroinvertebrate and insect biomass than native zones across all levels of plant richness. Our results suggest that Typha invasion reduces habitat quality for aquatic macroinvertebrates by homogenizing structural diversity and reducing water temperatures, which in turn may negatively impact predatory organisms by decreasing food resources. We recommend experimental tests of Typha management treatments to identify techniques that may promote structurally diverse and biologically rich Great Lakes coastal wetlands.
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Wetland invasion by Typha × glauca increases soil methane emissions
Aquatic Botany, 2016Co-Authors: Beth A Lawrence, Shane C. Lishawa, Nia Hurst, Buck Castillo, Nancy C TuchmanAbstract:Abstract Wetland invasion by monotypic dominant plants can alter the physicochemical and biological properties of soils that affect methane emissions, a potent greenhouse gas. We examined the effects of Typha × glauca invasion on soil methane using laboratory incubation and controlled mesocosm experiments. Typha -invaded soils collected from three Midwestern (USA) wetlands had greater methane production potential during laboratory incubation than soils dominated by native wet meadow vegetation. Ten years post-invasion of native plant-dominated mesocosms, Typha increased methane emissions at least three-fold (native: 15.0 ± 10.5 mg CH 4 -C m −2 h −1 , median: 6.1 mg CH 4 -C m −2 h −1 ; Typha : mean: 45.9 ± 16.7 mg CH 4 -C m −2 h −1 , median: 26.8 mg CH 4 -C m −2 h −1 ) under high (+10 cm) water levels, though methane emissions were negligible under low (–10 cm) water levels. Methane emissions were positively correlated with soil carbon, nitrogen, and aboveground biomass, all of which were greater in Typha -invaded mesocosms. Together, our data suggest that replacement of large tracts of native wetlands throughout eastern North America with monocultures of invasive Typha could alter regional methane emissions.
Giuseppe Luigi Cirelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparative analysis of element concentrations and translocation in three wetland congener plants Typha domingensis Typha latifolia and Typha angustifolia
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2017Co-Authors: Giuseppe Bonanno, Giuseppe Luigi CirelliAbstract:Abstract This study analyzed the concentrations and distributions of Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in three different cattail species growing spontaneously in a natural wetland subject to municipal wastewater and metal contamination. The cattail species included Typha domingensis , T. latifolia and T. angustifolia . Results showed that all Typha species have similar element concentrations in roots, rhizomes and leaves, and similar element mobility from sediments to roots and from roots to leaves. This study corroborated three patterns of Typha species growing in metal contaminated environments: high tolerance to toxic conditions, bulk element concentrations in roots, and restricted element translocation from roots to leaves. This study showed that three different Typha species respond similarly to metal inputs under the same polluting field conditions. Given their similar metal content and similar biomass size, our results suggest that T. domingensis , T. latifolia and T. angustifolia may have comparable capacity of phytoremediation. High element uptake and large biomass make Typha species some of the best species for phytoremediation of metal contaminated environments.
Takayoshi Tsuchiya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Depth distribution of three Typha species, Typha orientalis Presl, Typha angustifolia L. and Typha latifolia L., in an artificial pond
Plant Species Biology, 2009Co-Authors: Tomomi Inoue, Takayoshi TsuchiyaAbstract:The depth distribution of the aquatic macrophyte Typha orientalis Presl was examined in comparison with two other Typha species: Typha angustifolia L. and Typha latifolia L. Vegetation surveys mapping the depth distributions were conducted at Ushigafuchi Pond, Tokyo, Japan, in autumn 2004 and 2005. All vegetation had been cleared from this artificial pond in spring 2003. In 2004 T. orientalis was distributed in shallow to deep water habitats between T. latifolia (shallow water regions) and T. angustifolia (shallow to deep water regions). However, by 2005 T. orientalis had almost disappeared from the pond. It had been replaced by Leersia japonica Makino at depths of 0–30 cm, by Schoenoplectus validus (Vahl) at depths of 30–60 cm and by T. angustifolia at depths of 60–100 cm. It appears that T. orientalis is not a strong competitor, particularly with taller species, but rather a pioneer species.
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Interspecific differences in radial oxygen loss from the roots of three Typha species
Limnology, 2008Co-Authors: Tomomi Matsui Inoue, Takayoshi TsuchiyaAbstract:A comparison was made of the radial oxygen loss (ROL) from the roots of three Typha species, Typha latifolia L., Typha orientalis Presl and Typha angustifolia L., which resemble each other in morphology. ROLs were evaluated in the laboratory for seedlings of T. orientalis and T. angustifolia in order to compare them with the ROL value for T. latifolia obtained in our previous study. Measurements were conducted using the highly oxygen-sensitive anthraquinone radical anion as an oxygen indicator, which enabled us to simulate the natural conditions in which the oxygen released from the root is immediately consumed by the soil. Among the three Typha species, the ROL was the highest in T. angustifolia, followed by T. latifolia and T. orientalis. Illumination significantly enhances the ROL of T. orientalis, and this effect was also observed for T. latifolia in our previous study, whereas it did not affect the ROL of T. angustifolia. These results indicate that ROL differs significantly between species, even among members of the same genus that are similar in morphology.
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Growth strategy of an emergent macrophyte, Typha orientalis Presl, in comparison with Typha latifolia L. and Typha angustifolia L.
Limnology, 2006Co-Authors: Tomomi Matsui Inoue, Takayoshi TsuchiyaAbstract:The growth strategy of an emergent plant, Typha orientalis Presl, was examined in experimental ponds in comparison with two other Typha species distributed in Japan, Typha latifolia L. and Typha angustifolia L. T. orientalis showed the greatest ability of vegetative reproduction at the expense of growth in height. T. orientalis started to produce new ramets earlier than T. latifolia and T. angustifolia. These results suggest that T. orientalis should be a rather pioneer-like species and would be restricted to disturbed habitats.
Sayed Majid Mortazavi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sound absorption characteristics of needle-punched sustainable Typha /polypropylene non-woven
Journal of the Textile Institute, 2016Co-Authors: Meghdad Kamali Moghaddam, Sanaz Hassanzadeh, Saeed Safi, Sayed Majid MortazaviAbstract:© 2015 The Textile Institute. Natural fibers are the acoustical sustainable materials used in blends with polypropylene as carded needle-punched non-woven for the automobile industry. Among the variety of natural fibers, studying the noise-absorptive properties of a novelty introduced fiber called Leafiran extracted from the Typha Australis plant has been aimed in this paper. Typha natural fibers were blended with polypropylene fibers in order to investigate the effect of this newly known natural fiber on the acoustic performance of producing non-woven composite structures. For this aim, five different blend ratios of Typha/polypropylene including 0:100, 30:70, 50:50, 70:30, and 100:0 were prepared. The non-woven porosity, areal density, and sound absorption properties were studied. Impedance Tube Method, which provides the normal incidence sound absorption coefficient (SAC) of materials, was used for determining the acoustic properties of produced non-woven samples. The results of SACs of Typha non-woven revealed that the Typha fibers have good acoustic performance with normal incidence absorption coefficient greater than 0.6 from 500 to 4 kHz. Finally, according to the obtained results from this research, it is claimed that Typha natural fibers could be an acceptable choice for sound reduction applications.
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Sound absorption characteristics of needle-punched sustainable Typha /polypropylene non-woven
Journal of The Textile Institute, 2015Co-Authors: Meghdad Kamali Moghaddam, Sanaz Hassanzadeh, Somayeh Safi, Sayed Majid MortazaviAbstract:Natural fibers are the acoustical sustainable materials used in blends with polypropylene as carded needle-punched non-woven for the automobile industry. Among the variety of natural fibers, studying the noise-absorptive properties of a novelty introduced fiber called Leafiran extracted from the Typha Australis plant has been aimed in this paper. Typha natural fibers were blended with polypropylene fibers in order to investigate the effect of this newly known natural fiber on the acoustic performance of producing non-woven composite structures. For this aim, five different blend ratios of Typha/polypropylene including 0:100, 30:70, 50:50, 70:30, and 100:0 were prepared. The non-woven porosity, areal density, and sound absorption properties were studied. Impedance Tube Method, which provides the normal incidence sound absorption coefficient (SAC) of materials, was used for determining the acoustic properties of produced non-woven samples. The results of SACs of Typha non-woven revealed that the Typha fiber...
