The Experts below are selected from a list of 254865 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Antonio Fernando Boing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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quantifying and explaining Variation in life expectancy at census tract county and state levels in the united states
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020Co-Authors: Rockli Kim, Antonio Fernando Boing, Jack Cordes, S V SubramanianAbstract:Studies on geographic inequalities in life expectancy in the United States have exclusively focused on single-level analyses of aggregated data at state or county level. This study develops a multilevel perspective to Understanding Variation in life expectancy by simultaneously modeling the geographic Variation at the levels of census tracts (CTs), counties, and states. We analyzed data from 65,662 CTs, nested within 3,020 counties and 48 states (plus District of Columbia). The dependent variable was age-specific life expectancy observed in each of the CTs. We also considered the following CT-level socioeconomic and demographic characteristics as independent variables: population density; proportions of population who are black, who are single parents, who are below the federal poverty line, and who are aged 25 or older who have a bachelor's degree or higher; and median household income. Of the total geographic Variation in life expectancy at birth, 70.4% of the Variation was attributed to CTs, followed by 19.0% for states and 10.7% for counties. The relative importance of CTs was greater for life expectancy at older ages (70.4 to 96.8%). The CT-level independent variables explained 5 to 76.6% of between-state Variation, 11.1 to 58.6% of between-county Variation, and 0.7 to 44.9% of between-CT Variation in life expectancy across different age groups. Our findings indicate that population inequalities in longevity in the United States are primarily a local phenomenon. There is a need for greater precision and targeting of local geographies in public policy discourse aimed at reducing health inequalities in the United States.
Neil D Tsutsui - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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intraspecific Variation in thermal acclimation and tolerance between populations of the winter ant prenolepis imparis
Ecology and Evolution, 2020Co-Authors: Maria A Tonione, Gary Richmond, Christian Irian, Neil D TsutsuiAbstract:© 2020 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Thermal phenotypic plasticity, otherwise known as acclimation, plays an essential role in how organisms respond to short-term temperature changes. Plasticity buffers the impact of harmful temperature changes; therefore, Understanding Variation in plasticity in natural populations is crucial for Understanding how species will respond to the changing climate. However, very few studies have examined patterns of phenotypic plasticity among populations, especially among ant populations. Considering that this intraspecies Variation can provide insight into adaptive Variation in populations, the goal of this study was to quantify the short-term acclimation ability and thermal tolerance of several populations of the winter ant, Prenolepis imparis. We tested for correlations between thermal plasticity and thermal tolerance, elevation, and body size. We characterized the thermal environment both above and below ground for several populations distributed across different elevations within California, USA. In addition, we measured the short-term acclimation ability and thermal tolerance of those populations. To measure thermal tolerance, we used chill-coma recovery time (CCRT) and knockdown time as indicators of cold and heat tolerance, respectively. Short-term phenotypic plasticity was assessed by calculating acclimation capacity using CCRT and knockdown time after exposure to both high and low temperatures. We found that several populations displayed different chill-coma recovery times and a few displayed different heat knockdown times, and that the acclimation capacities of cold and heat tolerance differed among most populations. The high-elevation populations displayed increased tolerance to the cold (faster CCRT) and greater plasticity. For high-temperature tolerance, we found heat tolerance was not associated with altitude; instead, greater tolerance to the heat was correlated with increased plasticity at higher temperatures. These current findings provide insight into thermal adaptation and factors that contribute to phenotypic diversity by revealing physiological variance among populations.
Rockli Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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quantifying and explaining Variation in life expectancy at census tract county and state levels in the united states
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020Co-Authors: Rockli Kim, Antonio Fernando Boing, Jack Cordes, S V SubramanianAbstract:Studies on geographic inequalities in life expectancy in the United States have exclusively focused on single-level analyses of aggregated data at state or county level. This study develops a multilevel perspective to Understanding Variation in life expectancy by simultaneously modeling the geographic Variation at the levels of census tracts (CTs), counties, and states. We analyzed data from 65,662 CTs, nested within 3,020 counties and 48 states (plus District of Columbia). The dependent variable was age-specific life expectancy observed in each of the CTs. We also considered the following CT-level socioeconomic and demographic characteristics as independent variables: population density; proportions of population who are black, who are single parents, who are below the federal poverty line, and who are aged 25 or older who have a bachelor's degree or higher; and median household income. Of the total geographic Variation in life expectancy at birth, 70.4% of the Variation was attributed to CTs, followed by 19.0% for states and 10.7% for counties. The relative importance of CTs was greater for life expectancy at older ages (70.4 to 96.8%). The CT-level independent variables explained 5 to 76.6% of between-state Variation, 11.1 to 58.6% of between-county Variation, and 0.7 to 44.9% of between-CT Variation in life expectancy across different age groups. Our findings indicate that population inequalities in longevity in the United States are primarily a local phenomenon. There is a need for greater precision and targeting of local geographies in public policy discourse aimed at reducing health inequalities in the United States.
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what s wrong with Understanding Variation using a single geographic scale a multilevel geographic assessment of life expectancy in the united states
Procedia environmental sciences, 2016Co-Authors: Rockli Kim, S V SubramanianAbstract:There has been limited effort to consider multiple areal units or scales in Understanding spatial and geographic processes. Treating observed differences in the results by choice of geographic unit of analysis simply as a nuisance is conceptually problematic and can be empirically misleading. We consider the existing research on geographic Variations in life expectancy in the United States to demonstrate that prior county-level studies have overestimated the importance of the county level by omitting states. Future investigations should critically assess the relative importance of multiple geographic, spatial, and non-geographic contexts, including an assessment of what units/scales have been omitted.
Carl P. Lipo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cultural Transmission Theory and the Archaeological Record: Providing Context to Understanding Variation and Temporal Changes in Material Culture
Journal of Archaeological Research, 2007Co-Authors: Jelmer W Eerkens, Carl P. LipoAbstract:Cultural transmission (CT) is implicit in many explanations of culture change. Formal CT models were defined by anthropologists 30 years ago and have been a subject of active research in the social sciences in the ensuing years. Although increasing in popularity in recent years, CT has not seen extensive use in archaeological research, despite the quantitative rigor of many CT models and the ability to create testable hypotheses. Part of the reason for the slow adoption, we argue, has been the continuing focus on change in central tendency and mode in archaeology, instead of change in dispersion or variance. Yet archaeological research provides an excellent data source for exploring processes of CT. We review CT research in the anthropological sciences and outline the benefits and drawbacks of this theoretical framework for the study of material culture. We argue that CT can shed much light on our Understandings of why material technology changes over time, including explanations of differential rates of change among different technologies. We further argue that transmission processes are greatly affected by the content, context, and mode of transmission and fundamentally structure Variation in material culture. Including ideas from CT can provide greater context for explaining and Understanding changes in the Variation of artifacts over time. Finally, we outline what we feel should be the goals of CT research in archaeology in the coming years.
Michael J Gill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the significance of suffering in organizations Understanding Variation in workers responses to multiple modes of control
Academy of Management Review, 2019Co-Authors: Michael J GillAbstract:I develop a framework to explain workers’ diverse responses to similar combinations of control modes across organizations. The framework highlights the importance of two conceptual dimensions that ...
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the significance of suffering in organizations Understanding Variation in workers responses to multiple modes of control
Academy of Management Review, 2019Co-Authors: Michael J GillAbstract:I develop a framework to explain workers’ diverse responses to similar combinations of control modes across organizations. The framework highlights the importance of two conceptual dimensions that draw together insights from studies of control and resistance in the workplace. The dimension of compatibility considers workers’ subjective experiences of the fit between their personhood and modes of control, where alignment can inspire fulfillment and misalignment can prompt suffering. The dimension of coherence considers workers’ perception of the consistency between modes, which can be fragmented or unified to reinforce organizationally prescribed goals and processes. The framework yields four ideal types of interaction between modes of control: complementing, coexisting, competing and clashing. I illustrate how workers experience each ideal type through empirical examples. In doing so, I identify how workers’ experiences can trigger processes that generate different intensities of compliance and resistance to control.
