The Experts below are selected from a list of 2019 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
S. Narasimha Murthy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Trans-Ungual delivery of itraconazole hydrochloride by iontophoresis
Drug development and industrial pharmacy, 2014Co-Authors: Avadhesh Kushwaha, Melissa R. Jacob, H. N. Shiva Kumar, Shobharani R. Hiremath, Sacchidanand S Aradhya, Michael A. Repka, S. Narasimha MurthyAbstract:AbstractItraconazole (ITR) is a potent antifungal drug. However, poor aqueous solubility limits its permeation ability across the human nail plate. Therefore, in this project, ITR was converted to hydrochloride salt (ITR-HCl) to improve its solubility and to render it amenable to iontophoresis. ITR-HCl was characterized by spectroscopic methods and antifungal efficacy was evaluated in comparison to the base. In vitro and ex vivo transport studies (passive and iontophoresis) were carried out across the porcine hoof membrane and excised human cadaver toe using two different protocols; continuous delivery of drug for 24 h and pulsed delivery of drug for 3 days (8 h/day). The antifungal efficacy of ITR-HCL was comparable to ITR. Iontophoresis was found to be more effective than passive mode of delivery of ITR-HCL. In both iontophoresis as well as passive mode of delivery, the pulsed protocol resulted in more Ungual and trans-Ungual delivery of drug than continuous protocol. ITR-HCL could be delivered into and...
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In vitro and in vivo models to evaluate: Topical nail formulations
2012Co-Authors: Anroop B. Nair, Xiaoying Hui, M.e. Lane, S. Narasimha MurthyAbstract:© 2013 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. The success of any medicated topical nail formulation depends on its ability to deliver the medicament into and across the nail plate. Hence, preclinical evaluation of Ungual and trans-Ungual penetration of antifungal agents is an essential part of formulation development. Different experimental models have been used to evaluate the Ungual penetration (drug transported into the nail plate) and permeation (drug transported across the nail plate) of drugs. This chapter outlines several experimental models or approaches, which have been used to characterize nail barrier properties, to evaluate perUngual formulations, and to optimize drug delivery technologies.
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Ungual and transUngual drug delivery
Drug development and industrial pharmacy, 2011Co-Authors: H.n. Shivakumar, Abhishek Juluri, Desai, S. Narasimha MurthyAbstract:Topical therapy is desirable in treatment of nail diseases like onychomycosis (fungal infection of nail) and psoriasis. The topical treatment avoids the adverse effects associated with systemic therapy, thereby enhancing the patient compliance and reducing the treatment cost. However the effectiveness of the topical therapies has been limited due to the poor permeability of the nail plate to topically applied therapeutic agents. Research over the past one decade has been focused on improving the transUngual permeability by means of chemical treatment, penetration enhancers, mechanical and physical methods. The present review is an attempt to discuss the different physical and chemical methods employed to increase the permeability of the nail plate. Minimally invasive electrically mediated techniques such as iontophoresis have gained success in facilitating the transUngual delivery of actives. In addition drug transport across the nail plate has been improved by filing the dorsal surface of the nail plate prior to application of topical formulation. But attempts to improve the trans-nail permeation using transdermal chemical enhancers have failed so far. Attempts are on to search suitable physical enhancement techniques and chemical transUngual enhancers in view to maximize the drug delivery across the nail plate.
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Trans-Ungual Iontophoretic Delivery of Terbinafine
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2009Co-Authors: Anroop B. Nair, Siva Ram Kiran Vaka, Srinivasa M. Sammeta, Hyun D. Kim, Phillip M. Friden, Bireswar Chakraborty, S. Narasimha MurthyAbstract:Abstract Successful treatment of deep-seated nail infections remains elusive as the delivery of efficacious levels of antifungal drug to the site of action is very difficult. The aim of the present study was to attain rapid trans-Ungual delivery of an antifungal agent, terbinafine, via the topical route using iontophoresis. Initial studies revealed that application of current (0.5 mA/cm 2 ) could significantly enhance the trans-Ungual delivery of terbinafine. An increase in the applied current or duration of current application enhanced the trans-Ungual delivery of terbinafine. Permeation of terbinafine through the nail and drug load in the nail correlated well with the applied electrical dose. Release of drug from nails loaded using iontophoresis followed a two-phase release profile. Light microscopy studies substantiated the capability of iontophoresis to drive a charged molecule across the nail plate. The results of these studies indicate that iontophoresis could be developed as a potential technique for onychomycosis therapy.
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Ungual and trans‐Ungual iontophoretic delivery of terbinafine for the treatment of onychomycosis
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2009Co-Authors: Anroop B. Nair, Hyun D. Kim, Phillip M. Friden, Bireswar Chakraborty, Jagpal Singh, Muhammad Zaman, Aditya K Gupta, S. Narasimha MurthyAbstract:Abstract The application of iontophoresis was demonstrated in the nail drug delivery of terbinafine (TH) recently. This study explored a systematic assessment of this approach to enhance the drug delivery using a novel topical formulation, and the subsequent release of TH from the drug loaded nails. For the first time, a nail on-agar plate model was used to study the release of drug from the iontophoresis (0.5 mA/cm 2 ) loaded nails. In addition, the activity of the drug released from the drug loaded nail plate was studied against Trichophyton rubrum. An increase in applied current density and current duration enhanced the transport of TH into and through the nail plate. In vitro release of drug from the iontophoretic loaded nails into agar plates exhibited 2-phase release pattern. The amount of drug released in both of the in vitro models was comparable, and the nails loaded using iontophoresis continued to release levels of TH > 2 orders of magnitude above the minimum inhibitory concentration over at least 52 days. Results indicate that iontophoresis enhances the delivery of terbinafine into and through the nail plate and suggest that the use of this treatment approach could result in a safe and more efficacious outcome with less frequent treatments. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 98:4130–4140, 2009
Sudaxshina Murdan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Two strategies to enhance Ungual drug permeation from UV-cured films: Incomplete polymerisation to increase drug release and incorporation of chemical enhancers.
European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2018Co-Authors: Laxmi Kerai, Josep Bardés, Stephen T. Hilton, Sudaxshina MurdanAbstract:UV-curable gels, which polymerise into long-lasting films upon exposure to UVA, have been identified as potential topical drug carriers for the treatment of nail diseases. Limitations of such films include incomplete drug release and low Ungual drug permeation. The aim of the work herein was therefore to investigate two strategies, namely: (1) increasing drug release from the film, and (2) increasing nailplate permeability, with the ultimate goal of enhancing Ungual drug permeation. To increase drug release via Strategy 1, a UV-LED lamp (whose emitted light was suboptimal for gel polymerisation) was used, and it was hypothesised that such a lamp would result in films that are less polymerised/cross-linked and where the drugs are less 'trapped'. Indeed, the suboptimal lamp influenced polymerisation, such that the films were thinner, had lower glass transition temperatures and enabled a slightly greater (by 15%) drug release of one of the two drugs tested. However, the greater drug release had only a modest impact on Ungual drug permeation. To evaluate Strategy 2, i.e. increase nailplate permeability, chemical Ungual enhancers, 2-mercaptoethanol (ME), 2-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), PEG 200 and water were incorporated within the UV-cured films. These chemicals caused increased Ungual drug permeation, with ME showing the greatest (by 140%), and water showing the least (by 20%) increase in the amount of drug permeated by day 30. Surprisingly, these chemicals also caused increased drug release from the films, with ME once again having the greatest effect (by 51%) and water the least effect (by 12%). It seems that these chemicals were increasing Ungual drug permeation via their influence on drug release (i.e. via their impact on the film) as well as via their influence on the nail itself. We conclude that, of the two strategies tested, the second strategy proved to be more successful at enhancing Ungual drug permeation.
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A systematic approach to the formulation of anti-onychomycotic nail patches.
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 2018Co-Authors: Khalida Rizi, Idris K Mohammed, K Xu, Anthony J. Kinloch, Maria N. Charalambides, Sudaxshina MurdanAbstract:Abstract Nail patches have a potential role as drug carriers for the topical treatment of nail diseases such as onychomycosis, a common condition. Our aim was therefore to develop a systematic and novel approach to the formulation of a simple drug-in-adhesive Ungual patch. Twelve pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs), four backing membranes, two release liners and three drugs were screened for pharmaceutical and mechanical properties. From this initial screening, two PSAs, two drugs, one backing membrane and one release liner were selected for further investigation. Patches were prepared by solvent-casting and characterised. The patches had good uniformity of thickness and of drug content, and showed minimal drug crystallisation during six months of storage. Meanwhile, the drug stability in the patch upon storage and patch adhesion to the nail was influenced by the nature of the drug, the PSA and the backing membrane. The reported methodology paves the way for a systematic formulation of Ungual nail patches to add to the armamentarium of nail medicines. Further, from this work, the best patch formulation has been identified.
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Human nail plate modifications induced by onychomycosis: implications for topical therapy.
Pharmaceutical research, 2014Co-Authors: Anna Maria Baraldi, Simon Jones, S. Guesné, M.j. Traynor, William J. Mcauley, Marc B. Brown, Sudaxshina MurdanAbstract:Purpose Through the characterisation of the human onchomycotic nail plate this study aimed to inform the design of new topical Ungual formulations.
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Enhancing the nail permeability of topically applied drugs.
Expert Opin Drug Deliv, 2008Co-Authors: Sudaxshina MurdanAbstract:The topical therapy of nail diseases, especially of onychomycosis, and to a smaller extent, of nail psoriasis, is desirable to avoid the side effects associated with their systemic therapy, to increase patient compliance and reduce the cost of treatment. Systemic therapy is however the mainstay of treatment due to the poor permeability of the nail plate to topically applied drugs. For effective topical therapy, Ungual drug permeation must be enhanced. This can be achieved by disrupting the nail plate using physical techniques or chemical agents. Alternatively, drug permeation into the intact nail plate may be encouraged, for example, by iontophoresis or by formulating the drug within a vehicle which enables high drug partition out of the vehicle and into the nail plate. The physical techniques (manual and electrical nail abrasion, acid etching, ablation by lasers, microporation, application of low-frequency ultrasound and electric currents) and chemicals (thiols, sulphites, hydrogen peroxide, urea, water, enzymes) that have shown Ungual enhancer activity are discussed in this review. Optimal drug formulation, while crucial to Ungual drug delivery, is only briefly reviewed due to the limited literature.
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Low-frequency ultrasound to enhance topical drug delivery to the nail
2007Co-Authors: A Torkar, Julijana Kristl, Sudaxshina MurdanAbstract:The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of low-frequency ultrasound as a physical technique to enhance the Ungual permeation of topically applied drugs.
Anroop B. Nair - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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In vitro and in vivo models to evaluate: Topical nail formulations
2012Co-Authors: Anroop B. Nair, Xiaoying Hui, M.e. Lane, S. Narasimha MurthyAbstract:© 2013 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. The success of any medicated topical nail formulation depends on its ability to deliver the medicament into and across the nail plate. Hence, preclinical evaluation of Ungual and trans-Ungual penetration of antifungal agents is an essential part of formulation development. Different experimental models have been used to evaluate the Ungual penetration (drug transported into the nail plate) and permeation (drug transported across the nail plate) of drugs. This chapter outlines several experimental models or approaches, which have been used to characterize nail barrier properties, to evaluate perUngual formulations, and to optimize drug delivery technologies.
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Ungual and trans Ungual iontophoretic delivery of terbinafine for the treatment of onychomycosis
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2009Co-Authors: Anroop B. Nair, Hyun D. Kim, Phillip M. Friden, Bireswar Chakraborty, Jagpal Singh, Muhammad Zaman, Aditya K Gupta, Narasimha S MurthyAbstract:Abstract The application of iontophoresis was demonstrated in the nail drug delivery of terbinafine (TH) recently. This study explored a systematic assessment of this approach to enhance the drug delivery using a novel topical formulation, and the subsequent release of TH from the drug loaded nails. For the first time, a nail on-agar plate model was used to study the release of drug from the iontophoresis (0.5 mA/cm 2 ) loaded nails. In addition, the activity of the drug released from the drug loaded nail plate was studied against Trichophyton rubrum. An increase in applied current density and current duration enhanced the transport of TH into and through the nail plate. In vitro release of drug from the iontophoretic loaded nails into agar plates exhibited 2-phase release pattern. The amount of drug released in both of the in vitro models was comparable, and the nails loaded using iontophoresis continued to release levels of TH > 2 orders of magnitude above the minimum inhibitory concentration over at least 52 days. Results indicate that iontophoresis enhances the delivery of terbinafine into and through the nail plate and suggest that the use of this treatment approach could result in a safe and more efficacious outcome with less frequent treatments. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 98:4130–4140, 2009
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Trans-Ungual Iontophoretic Delivery of Terbinafine
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2009Co-Authors: Anroop B. Nair, Siva Ram Kiran Vaka, Srinivasa M. Sammeta, Hyun D. Kim, Phillip M. Friden, Bireswar Chakraborty, S. Narasimha MurthyAbstract:Abstract Successful treatment of deep-seated nail infections remains elusive as the delivery of efficacious levels of antifungal drug to the site of action is very difficult. The aim of the present study was to attain rapid trans-Ungual delivery of an antifungal agent, terbinafine, via the topical route using iontophoresis. Initial studies revealed that application of current (0.5 mA/cm 2 ) could significantly enhance the trans-Ungual delivery of terbinafine. An increase in the applied current or duration of current application enhanced the trans-Ungual delivery of terbinafine. Permeation of terbinafine through the nail and drug load in the nail correlated well with the applied electrical dose. Release of drug from nails loaded using iontophoresis followed a two-phase release profile. Light microscopy studies substantiated the capability of iontophoresis to drive a charged molecule across the nail plate. The results of these studies indicate that iontophoresis could be developed as a potential technique for onychomycosis therapy.
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Ungual and trans‐Ungual iontophoretic delivery of terbinafine for the treatment of onychomycosis
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2009Co-Authors: Anroop B. Nair, Hyun D. Kim, Phillip M. Friden, Bireswar Chakraborty, Jagpal Singh, Muhammad Zaman, Aditya K Gupta, S. Narasimha MurthyAbstract:Abstract The application of iontophoresis was demonstrated in the nail drug delivery of terbinafine (TH) recently. This study explored a systematic assessment of this approach to enhance the drug delivery using a novel topical formulation, and the subsequent release of TH from the drug loaded nails. For the first time, a nail on-agar plate model was used to study the release of drug from the iontophoresis (0.5 mA/cm 2 ) loaded nails. In addition, the activity of the drug released from the drug loaded nail plate was studied against Trichophyton rubrum. An increase in applied current density and current duration enhanced the transport of TH into and through the nail plate. In vitro release of drug from the iontophoretic loaded nails into agar plates exhibited 2-phase release pattern. The amount of drug released in both of the in vitro models was comparable, and the nails loaded using iontophoresis continued to release levels of TH > 2 orders of magnitude above the minimum inhibitory concentration over at least 52 days. Results indicate that iontophoresis enhances the delivery of terbinafine into and through the nail plate and suggest that the use of this treatment approach could result in a safe and more efficacious outcome with less frequent treatments. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 98:4130–4140, 2009
Bireswar Chakraborty - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ungual and trans Ungual iontophoretic delivery of terbinafine for the treatment of onychomycosis
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2009Co-Authors: Anroop B. Nair, Hyun D. Kim, Phillip M. Friden, Bireswar Chakraborty, Jagpal Singh, Muhammad Zaman, Aditya K Gupta, Narasimha S MurthyAbstract:Abstract The application of iontophoresis was demonstrated in the nail drug delivery of terbinafine (TH) recently. This study explored a systematic assessment of this approach to enhance the drug delivery using a novel topical formulation, and the subsequent release of TH from the drug loaded nails. For the first time, a nail on-agar plate model was used to study the release of drug from the iontophoresis (0.5 mA/cm 2 ) loaded nails. In addition, the activity of the drug released from the drug loaded nail plate was studied against Trichophyton rubrum. An increase in applied current density and current duration enhanced the transport of TH into and through the nail plate. In vitro release of drug from the iontophoretic loaded nails into agar plates exhibited 2-phase release pattern. The amount of drug released in both of the in vitro models was comparable, and the nails loaded using iontophoresis continued to release levels of TH > 2 orders of magnitude above the minimum inhibitory concentration over at least 52 days. Results indicate that iontophoresis enhances the delivery of terbinafine into and through the nail plate and suggest that the use of this treatment approach could result in a safe and more efficacious outcome with less frequent treatments. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 98:4130–4140, 2009
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Trans-Ungual Iontophoretic Delivery of Terbinafine
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2009Co-Authors: Anroop B. Nair, Siva Ram Kiran Vaka, Srinivasa M. Sammeta, Hyun D. Kim, Phillip M. Friden, Bireswar Chakraborty, S. Narasimha MurthyAbstract:Abstract Successful treatment of deep-seated nail infections remains elusive as the delivery of efficacious levels of antifungal drug to the site of action is very difficult. The aim of the present study was to attain rapid trans-Ungual delivery of an antifungal agent, terbinafine, via the topical route using iontophoresis. Initial studies revealed that application of current (0.5 mA/cm 2 ) could significantly enhance the trans-Ungual delivery of terbinafine. An increase in the applied current or duration of current application enhanced the trans-Ungual delivery of terbinafine. Permeation of terbinafine through the nail and drug load in the nail correlated well with the applied electrical dose. Release of drug from nails loaded using iontophoresis followed a two-phase release profile. Light microscopy studies substantiated the capability of iontophoresis to drive a charged molecule across the nail plate. The results of these studies indicate that iontophoresis could be developed as a potential technique for onychomycosis therapy.
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Ungual and trans‐Ungual iontophoretic delivery of terbinafine for the treatment of onychomycosis
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2009Co-Authors: Anroop B. Nair, Hyun D. Kim, Phillip M. Friden, Bireswar Chakraborty, Jagpal Singh, Muhammad Zaman, Aditya K Gupta, S. Narasimha MurthyAbstract:Abstract The application of iontophoresis was demonstrated in the nail drug delivery of terbinafine (TH) recently. This study explored a systematic assessment of this approach to enhance the drug delivery using a novel topical formulation, and the subsequent release of TH from the drug loaded nails. For the first time, a nail on-agar plate model was used to study the release of drug from the iontophoresis (0.5 mA/cm 2 ) loaded nails. In addition, the activity of the drug released from the drug loaded nail plate was studied against Trichophyton rubrum. An increase in applied current density and current duration enhanced the transport of TH into and through the nail plate. In vitro release of drug from the iontophoretic loaded nails into agar plates exhibited 2-phase release pattern. The amount of drug released in both of the in vitro models was comparable, and the nails loaded using iontophoresis continued to release levels of TH > 2 orders of magnitude above the minimum inhibitory concentration over at least 52 days. Results indicate that iontophoresis enhances the delivery of terbinafine into and through the nail plate and suggest that the use of this treatment approach could result in a safe and more efficacious outcome with less frequent treatments. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 98:4130–4140, 2009
Phillip M. Friden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ungual and trans Ungual iontophoretic delivery of terbinafine for the treatment of onychomycosis
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2009Co-Authors: Anroop B. Nair, Hyun D. Kim, Phillip M. Friden, Bireswar Chakraborty, Jagpal Singh, Muhammad Zaman, Aditya K Gupta, Narasimha S MurthyAbstract:Abstract The application of iontophoresis was demonstrated in the nail drug delivery of terbinafine (TH) recently. This study explored a systematic assessment of this approach to enhance the drug delivery using a novel topical formulation, and the subsequent release of TH from the drug loaded nails. For the first time, a nail on-agar plate model was used to study the release of drug from the iontophoresis (0.5 mA/cm 2 ) loaded nails. In addition, the activity of the drug released from the drug loaded nail plate was studied against Trichophyton rubrum. An increase in applied current density and current duration enhanced the transport of TH into and through the nail plate. In vitro release of drug from the iontophoretic loaded nails into agar plates exhibited 2-phase release pattern. The amount of drug released in both of the in vitro models was comparable, and the nails loaded using iontophoresis continued to release levels of TH > 2 orders of magnitude above the minimum inhibitory concentration over at least 52 days. Results indicate that iontophoresis enhances the delivery of terbinafine into and through the nail plate and suggest that the use of this treatment approach could result in a safe and more efficacious outcome with less frequent treatments. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 98:4130–4140, 2009
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Trans-Ungual Iontophoretic Delivery of Terbinafine
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2009Co-Authors: Anroop B. Nair, Siva Ram Kiran Vaka, Srinivasa M. Sammeta, Hyun D. Kim, Phillip M. Friden, Bireswar Chakraborty, S. Narasimha MurthyAbstract:Abstract Successful treatment of deep-seated nail infections remains elusive as the delivery of efficacious levels of antifungal drug to the site of action is very difficult. The aim of the present study was to attain rapid trans-Ungual delivery of an antifungal agent, terbinafine, via the topical route using iontophoresis. Initial studies revealed that application of current (0.5 mA/cm 2 ) could significantly enhance the trans-Ungual delivery of terbinafine. An increase in the applied current or duration of current application enhanced the trans-Ungual delivery of terbinafine. Permeation of terbinafine through the nail and drug load in the nail correlated well with the applied electrical dose. Release of drug from nails loaded using iontophoresis followed a two-phase release profile. Light microscopy studies substantiated the capability of iontophoresis to drive a charged molecule across the nail plate. The results of these studies indicate that iontophoresis could be developed as a potential technique for onychomycosis therapy.
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Ungual and trans‐Ungual iontophoretic delivery of terbinafine for the treatment of onychomycosis
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2009Co-Authors: Anroop B. Nair, Hyun D. Kim, Phillip M. Friden, Bireswar Chakraborty, Jagpal Singh, Muhammad Zaman, Aditya K Gupta, S. Narasimha MurthyAbstract:Abstract The application of iontophoresis was demonstrated in the nail drug delivery of terbinafine (TH) recently. This study explored a systematic assessment of this approach to enhance the drug delivery using a novel topical formulation, and the subsequent release of TH from the drug loaded nails. For the first time, a nail on-agar plate model was used to study the release of drug from the iontophoresis (0.5 mA/cm 2 ) loaded nails. In addition, the activity of the drug released from the drug loaded nail plate was studied against Trichophyton rubrum. An increase in applied current density and current duration enhanced the transport of TH into and through the nail plate. In vitro release of drug from the iontophoretic loaded nails into agar plates exhibited 2-phase release pattern. The amount of drug released in both of the in vitro models was comparable, and the nails loaded using iontophoresis continued to release levels of TH > 2 orders of magnitude above the minimum inhibitory concentration over at least 52 days. Results indicate that iontophoresis enhances the delivery of terbinafine into and through the nail plate and suggest that the use of this treatment approach could result in a safe and more efficacious outcome with less frequent treatments. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 98:4130–4140, 2009
