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Joseph Gyourko - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Urban Decline and durable housing
Journal of Political Economy, 2005Co-Authors: Joseph Gyourko, Edward L GlaeserAbstract:Urban Decline is not the mirror image of growth, and durable housing is the primary reason the nature of Decline is so different. This paper presents a model of Urban Decline with durable housing and verifies these implications of the model: (1) city growth rates are skewed so that cities grow more quickly than they Decline; (2) Urban Decline is highly persistent; (3) positive shocks increase population more than they increase housing prices; (4) negative shocks decrease housing prices more than they decrease population; (5) if housing prices are below construction costs, then the city Declines; and (6) the combination of cheap housing and weak labor demand attracts individuals with low levels of human capital to declining cities.
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Urban Decline and Housing Reinvestment: The Role of Construction Costs and the Supply Side
Working paper (Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia), 2003Co-Authors: Joseph Gyourko, Albert SaizAbstract:Negative demand shocks have afflicted many American cities in the 20th century and are the main explanation for their decaying housing markets. But what is the role of housing supply? Rational entrepreneurs should not invest in new buildings and renovation when home values are below replacement cost. Households with an investment motive should behave similarly. Empirically, the authors find that construction costs are not very sensitive to building activity but do vary with local income, unionization rates in the construction sector, the level of local regulation, and region. They also document that the variance in building costs generates substantial variance in renovation expenditures across cities. Owner-occupied homes with market values below replacement costs spend about 50 percent less on renovation than similar homes with market values above construction costs. The authors also report on the distribution of the ratio of house value-to-construction cost across markets. The distribution is relatively flat in a number of declining cities, especially older manufacturing areas. In these places, a relatively modest 10 percent Decline in replacement costs would find between 7-15 percent of the local housing stock moving from being valued below cost to above cost. Even though modest Declines in construction costs are unlikely to change basic Urban trends, the authors' results suggest they can be an important factor in determining whether various neighborhoods in declining cities will experience any significant reinvestment. In this respect, declining cities truly cannot afford to be expensive cities in terms of replacement costs: Urban scholars and policy makers should begin to pay more attention to the cost side of cities.
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Urban Decline and durable housing
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001Co-Authors: Joseph Gyourko, Edward L GlaeserAbstract:People continue to live in many big American cities, because in those cities housing costs less than new construction. While cities may lose their productive edge, their houses remain and population falls only when housing depreciates. This paper presents a simple durable housing model of Urban Decline with several implications which document: (1) Urban growth rates are leptokurtotic -- cities grow more quickly than they Decline, (2) city growth rates are highly persistent, especially amount declining cities, (3) positive shocks increase population more than they increase housing prices, (4) negative shocks decrease housing prices more than they decrease population, (5) the relationship between changes in housing prices and changes in population is strongly concave, and (7) declining cities attract individuals with low levels of human capital.
Edward L Glaeser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Urban Decline and durable housing
Journal of Political Economy, 2005Co-Authors: Joseph Gyourko, Edward L GlaeserAbstract:Urban Decline is not the mirror image of growth, and durable housing is the primary reason the nature of Decline is so different. This paper presents a model of Urban Decline with durable housing and verifies these implications of the model: (1) city growth rates are skewed so that cities grow more quickly than they Decline; (2) Urban Decline is highly persistent; (3) positive shocks increase population more than they increase housing prices; (4) negative shocks decrease housing prices more than they decrease population; (5) if housing prices are below construction costs, then the city Declines; and (6) the combination of cheap housing and weak labor demand attracts individuals with low levels of human capital to declining cities.
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Urban Decline and durable housing
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001Co-Authors: Joseph Gyourko, Edward L GlaeserAbstract:People continue to live in many big American cities, because in those cities housing costs less than new construction. While cities may lose their productive edge, their houses remain and population falls only when housing depreciates. This paper presents a simple durable housing model of Urban Decline with several implications which document: (1) Urban growth rates are leptokurtotic -- cities grow more quickly than they Decline, (2) city growth rates are highly persistent, especially amount declining cities, (3) positive shocks increase population more than they increase housing prices, (4) negative shocks decrease housing prices more than they decrease population, (5) the relationship between changes in housing prices and changes in population is strongly concave, and (7) declining cities attract individuals with low levels of human capital.
Chris Couch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Urban sprawl in europe landscapes land use change policy
2007Co-Authors: Chris Couch, Lila Leontidou, Gerhard PetschelheldAbstract:Contributors. Preface. Acknowledgments. Part I Theory and Method . 1 Introduction: Definitions, Theories and Methods of Comparative Analysis . Chris Couch, Lila Leontidou and Karl-Olov Arnstberg. Background. The origins of suburbia and Urban sprawl in Europe and the USA. Some differences between Europe and the USA. The development of theory and policy in Europe. Methodology. The structure of the book. Note. References. 2 Sprawl in European Cities: The Comparative Background . Diana Reckien and Jay Karecha. Urban trends in Europe. Urban trends in the case study cities. Conclusions. Appendix: Patterns of growth and sprawl across European cities. References. Part II Types of Urban Sprawl in Europe . 3 Infrastructure-related Urban Sprawl: Mega-events and Hybrid Peri-Urban Landscapes in Southern Europe. Lila Leontidou, Alex Afouxenidis, Elias Kourliouros and Emmanuel Marmaras. Introduction: theory and method. 'Astyphilia' and popular spontaneous subUrbanisation untilthe 1970s. Modernism and Urban land policy after EU accession. Toward the entrepreneurial city and post-Olympic landscapes. Mega-events and Mediterranean Urban futures. Notes. References. 4 Sprawl in the Post-Socialist City: The Changing Economic andInstitutional Context of Central and Eastern European Cities . Natasa Pichler-Milanovi , Ma gorzata Gutry-Korycka and Dieter Rink. Socialist cities in Central and Eastern Europe. Transition reforms in Central and Eastern Europe. The patterns of Urban sprawl in post-socialist cities. The causes of Urban sprawl in the post-socialist cities. The consequences of Urban sprawl in post-socialist cities. Policy responses. Conclusions: what is needed for 'sustainable' sprawl in post-socialist cities?. Notes. References. 5 Decline and Sprawl: Urban Sprawl is not Confined to Expanding City Regions . Henning Nuissl, Dieter Rink, Chris Couch and Jay Karecha. Sprawl in the context of Urban Decline. Trends in Urban sprawl in Britain and Germany. The two cases. Comparisons between Liverpool and Leipzig. Conclusions. Notes. References. 6 No Place Like Second Home: Weekends, Holidays, Retirement and Urban Sprawl . Karl-Olov Arnstberg and Inger Bergstrom. The largest industry in the world. A short history of the summerhouse. The summers of my childhood. Two homes. Making and maintaining roots. Recreation, retirement ...and investment. Retreat to a loved place. Varmdo, a sprawled community in the Stockholm region. References. Part III Models, Urban Policy and Sustainability . 7 Modelling Urban Sprawl: Actors and Mathematics . Matthias Ludeke, Diana Reckien and Gerhard Petschel-Held. Actors, actor classes and sprawl. The actor versus the structural perspective on sprawl. Identifying the feedbacks. Operationalising the qualitative attractivity migration model. Validation and future scenarios. Using a QUAM model for policy analysis. From general targets to specific policy mechanisms: a model analysis. Discussion of case specific strategy - suggestions from a QUAM perspective. Conclusions. Appendix. References. 8 Lines of Defence: Policies for the Control of Urban Sprawl . Henning Nuissl and Chris Couch. The aims of policy. The mechanisms of policy. Regulation. Economic intervention: direct investment, taxation or subsidy. Institutional change, management and advocacy. Conclusions. Notes. References. 9 Urban Sprawl and Hybrid Cityscapes in Europe: Comparisons, Theory Construction and Conclusions . Lila Leontidou and Chris Couch. 'Urban', 'subUrban', 'post-subUrban', and their in-between spaces. Deconstructing the dualism of causes/consequences of Urban sprawl. A systematic comparison of city case studies. Cultures of Urbanism and sprawl in Europe. Hybrid landscapes and questions of sustainability. Note. References. Index
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Decline and sprawl an evolving type of Urban development observed in liverpool and leipzig1
European Planning Studies, 2005Co-Authors: Chris Couch, Jay Karecha, Henning Nuissl, Dieter RinkAbstract:Much of the empirical research on Urban sprawl has been carried out in North America and most theoretical studies on this problem have been concerned with expanding Urban areas. This study differs, firstly in that it is concerned with sprawl in two European cities, Liverpool in England and Leipzig in Germany, and secondly because both these cities are in Decline. This presents an opportunity to explore whether the process of Urban sprawl is somehow specific in a situation of Urban Decline and what its outcomes might be for both Urban form and Urban policy.
Annette Hastings - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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connecting linguistic structures and social practices a discursive approach to social policy analysis
Journal of Social Policy, 1998Co-Authors: Annette HastingsAbstract:There is an emerging interest within social and policy studies in the potential connections between linguistic practices and broader social processes. It is, however, difficult to find examples of research which take a fully discursive approach to policy analysis. Such a discursive approach might focus on how the use of language in the policy process is involved with social practices, such as the legitimisation of social relations or the construction of ‘knowledge’ of social reality. The article begins by exploring theoretical and methodological issues in relation to connecting micro aspects of language use, such as grammar and lexis, with the social construction of knowledge. It then uses discourse analysis to explore how the linguistic resources of a key British Urban policy document, New Life for Urban Scotland , are involved with reproducing and sustaining a particular ‘knowledge’ or discourse about the causes of Urban Decline.
Dieter Rink - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Decline and sprawl an evolving type of Urban development observed in liverpool and leipzig1
European Planning Studies, 2005Co-Authors: Chris Couch, Jay Karecha, Henning Nuissl, Dieter RinkAbstract:Much of the empirical research on Urban sprawl has been carried out in North America and most theoretical studies on this problem have been concerned with expanding Urban areas. This study differs, firstly in that it is concerned with sprawl in two European cities, Liverpool in England and Leipzig in Germany, and secondly because both these cities are in Decline. This presents an opportunity to explore whether the process of Urban sprawl is somehow specific in a situation of Urban Decline and what its outcomes might be for both Urban form and Urban policy.
