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Xiao-san Luo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Urban Soil and human health: a review
European Journal of Soil Science, 2018Co-Authors: Guo-xin Sun, Yujing Ren, Xiao-san Luo, Yong-guan ZhuAbstract:Rapid industrialization and Urbanization during recent decades are having dramatic effects on Urban Soil properties and lead to large discharges of pollutants, which inevitably affect the health of the Soil, ecosystems and human populations. This paper provides a systematic review of the relations between Urban Soil and human health. First, it summarizes the organic and inorganic pollutants in Urban Soil and their potential risks to human health. Second, the relations between Urban greenbelt land, Soil microbial diversity and human health are also explored. Third, we propose that future research should focus on the integration of assessments of health risks with exposure pathways and site characteristics. Bioavailability-based risk assessment frameworks for pollutants in Urban Soil can elucidate the complicated relations between Urban Soil, pollutant exposure and human health in cities. Finally, management of Urban Soil and policy should be strengthened in the future to maintain its sustainable development and utilization. More effort should be directed to understanding the relations between Soil microbial diversity, green space and human health in cities.
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source identification and apportionment of heavy metals in Urban Soil profiles
Chemosphere, 2015Co-Authors: Xiao-san Luo, Yan Xue, Yanling Wang, Long Cang, Jing DingAbstract:Abstract Because heavy metals (HMs) occurring naturally in Soils accumulate continuously due to human activities, identifying and apportioning their sources becomes a challenging task for pollution prevention in Urban environments. Besides the enrichment factors (EFs) and principal component analysis (PCA) for source classification, the receptor model (Absolute Principal Component Scores-Multiple Linear Regression, APCS-MLR) and Pb isotopic mixing model were also developed to quantify the source contribution for typical HMs (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) in Urban park Soils of Xiamen, a representative megacity in southeast China. Furthermore, distribution patterns of their concentrations and sources in 13 Soil profiles (top 20 cm) were investigated by different depths (0–5, 5–10, 10–20 cm). Currently the principal anthropogenic source for HMs in Urban Soil of China is atmospheric deposition from coal combustion rather than vehicle exhaust. Specifically for Pb source by isotopic model ( 206 Pb/ 207 Pb and 208 Pb/ 207 Pb), the average contributions were natural (49%) > coal combustion (45%) ≫ traffic emissions (6%). Although the Urban surface Soils are usually more contaminated owing to recent and current human sources, leaching effects and historic vehicle emissions can also make deep Soil layer contaminated by HMs.
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contamination and source differentiation of pb in park Soils along an Urban rural gradient in shanghai
Environmental Pollution, 2011Co-Authors: Hong Deng, Xiao-san LuoAbstract:Urban Soil Pb contamination is a great human health risk. Lead distribution and source in topSoils from 14 parks in Shanghai, China were investigated along an Urban-rural gradient. TopSoils were contaminated averagely with 65 mg Pb kg(-1), 2.5 times higher than local Soil background concentrations. HCl-extracts contained more anthropogenic Pb signatures than total sample digests as revealed by the higher (207/206)Pb and (208/206)Pb ratios in extracts (0.8613 ± 0.0094 and 2.1085 ± 0.0121 versus total digests 0.8575 ± 0.0098 and 2.0959 ± 0.0116). This suggests a higher sensitivity of HCl-extraction than total digestion in identifying anthropogenic Pb sources. Coal combustion emission was identified as the major anthropogenic Pb source (averagely 47%) while leaded gasoline emission contributed 12% overall. Urbanization effects were observed by total Pb content and anthropogenic Pb contribution. This study suggests that to reduce Pb contamination, Shanghai might have to change its energy composition to clean energy.
Xuetong Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs in Urban Soils of the megacity shanghai occurrence source apportionment and potential human health risk
Science of The Total Environment, 2013Co-Authors: Xuetong Wang, Yi Miao, Yuan ZhangAbstract:Abstract A comprehensive investigation was conducted to the Urban Soil in the megacity Shanghai in order to assess the levels of PAHs and potential risks to human health, to identify and quantitatively assess source contributions to the Soil PAHs. A total of 57 Soil samples collected in main Urban areas of Shanghai, China were analyzed for 26 PAHs including highly carcinogenic dibenzopyrene isomers. The total concentrations ranged from 133 to 8650 ng g − 1 for Σ 26 PAHs and 83.3 to 7220 ng g − 1 for Σ 16 PAHs, with mean values of 2420 and 1970 ng g − 1 , respectively. DBalP and DBaeP may serve as markers for diesel vehicle emission, while DBahP is a probable marker of coke tar as distinct from diesel emissions. Six sources in Shanghai Urban area were identified by PMF model; their relative contributions to the total Soil PAH burden were 6% for petrogenic sources, 21% for coal combustion, 13% for biomass burning, 16% for creosote, 23% for coke tar related sources and 21% for vehicular emissions, respectively. The benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaP eq ) concentrations ranged from 48.9–2580 ng g − 1 for Σ 24 PAHs, 7.02–869 ng g − 1 for Σ 16 PAHs and 35.7–1990 ng g − 1 for Σ 4 DBPs. The BaP eq concentrations of Σ 4 DBPs made up 72% of Σ 24 PAHs. Nearly half of the Soil samples showed concentrations above the safe BaP eq value of 600 ng g − 1 . Exposure to these Soils through direct contact probably poses a significant risk to human health from carcinogenic effects of Soil PAHs. The index of additive cancer risk (IACR) values in almost one third of Urban Soil samples were more than the safe value of 1.0, indicating these Urban Soil PAHs in the study area may pose a potential threat to potable groundwater water quality from leaching of carcinogenic PAH mixtures from Soil.
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polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs in Urban Soils of the megacity shanghai occurrence source apportionment and potential human health risk
Science of The Total Environment, 2013Co-Authors: Xuetong Wang, Yi Miao, Yuan ZhangAbstract:A comprehensive investigation was conducted to the Urban Soil in the megacity Shanghai in order to assess the levels of PAHs and potential risks to human health, to identify and quantitatively assess source contributions to the Soil PAHs. A total of 57 Soil samples collected in main Urban areas of Shanghai, China were analyzed for 26 PAHs including highly carcinogenic dibenzopyrene isomers. The total concentrations ranged from 133 to 8,650 ng g for ΣPAHs and 83.3 to 7,220 ng g for ΣPAHs, with mean values of 2420 and 1,970 ng g, respectively. DBalP and DBaeP may serve as markers for diesel vehicle emission, while DBahP is a probable marker of coke tar as distinct from diesel emissions. Six sources in Shanghai Urban area were identified by PMF model; their relative contributions to the total Soil PAH burden were 6% for petrogenic sources, 21% for coal combustion, 13% for biomass burning, 16% for creosote, 23% for coke tar related sources and 21% for vehicular emissions, respectively. The benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaP) concentrations ranged from 48.9-2,580 ng g for ΣPAHs, 7.02-869 ng g for ΣPAHs and 35.7-1,990 ng g for ΣDBPs. The BaP concentrations of ΣDBPs made up 72% of ΣPAHs. Nearly half of the Soil samples showed concentrations above the safe BaP value of 600 ng g. Exposure to these Soils through direct contact probably poses a significant risk to human health from carcinogenic effects of Soil PAHs. The index of additive cancer risk (IACR) values in almost one third of Urban Soil samples were more than the safe value of 1.0, indicating these Urban Soil PAHs in the study area may pose a potential threat to potable groundwater water quality from leaching of carcinogenic PAH mixtures from Soil.
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levels composition profiles and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Urban Soil of shanghai china
Chemosphere, 2009Co-Authors: Yufeng Jiang, Xuetong Wang, Fei Wang, Ying Jia, Guoying ShengAbstract:Abstract Levels, composition profiles and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed in 55 surface Soil samples collected from Shanghai Urban districts. The total concentrations of 22 PAHs (ΣPAHs) ranged from 442 to 19,700 μg kg−1, with a mean of 3780 μg kg−1, and the sum of 16 priority PAHs (Σ16PAHs) varied from 347 to 17,900 μg kg−1, with a mean of 3290 μg kg−1, and the seven possible carcinogenic PAHs (Σ7CarPAHs) accounted for 36–58% of Σ16PAHs. Among different functional areas, the higher level of PAHs was found in the roadside, followed by greenbelt, commercial district, park, and residential district. The composition of PAHs was characterized by the high molecular weight PAHs, among which fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene and chrysene were most dominant components. A correlation analysis showed that there was relatively good correlation among the individual PAHs, but the contents of PAHs were poorly correlated with Soil total organic carbon (TOC). A principal component analysis and PAHs isomeric ratios indicate that PAHs in Shanghai Urban Soil mainly originated from combustion. The toxic assessment suggested that Soil PAHs exposure is medium carcinogenic at present level.
Yuan Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs in Urban Soils of the megacity shanghai occurrence source apportionment and potential human health risk
Science of The Total Environment, 2013Co-Authors: Xuetong Wang, Yi Miao, Yuan ZhangAbstract:A comprehensive investigation was conducted to the Urban Soil in the megacity Shanghai in order to assess the levels of PAHs and potential risks to human health, to identify and quantitatively assess source contributions to the Soil PAHs. A total of 57 Soil samples collected in main Urban areas of Shanghai, China were analyzed for 26 PAHs including highly carcinogenic dibenzopyrene isomers. The total concentrations ranged from 133 to 8,650 ng g for ΣPAHs and 83.3 to 7,220 ng g for ΣPAHs, with mean values of 2420 and 1,970 ng g, respectively. DBalP and DBaeP may serve as markers for diesel vehicle emission, while DBahP is a probable marker of coke tar as distinct from diesel emissions. Six sources in Shanghai Urban area were identified by PMF model; their relative contributions to the total Soil PAH burden were 6% for petrogenic sources, 21% for coal combustion, 13% for biomass burning, 16% for creosote, 23% for coke tar related sources and 21% for vehicular emissions, respectively. The benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaP) concentrations ranged from 48.9-2,580 ng g for ΣPAHs, 7.02-869 ng g for ΣPAHs and 35.7-1,990 ng g for ΣDBPs. The BaP concentrations of ΣDBPs made up 72% of ΣPAHs. Nearly half of the Soil samples showed concentrations above the safe BaP value of 600 ng g. Exposure to these Soils through direct contact probably poses a significant risk to human health from carcinogenic effects of Soil PAHs. The index of additive cancer risk (IACR) values in almost one third of Urban Soil samples were more than the safe value of 1.0, indicating these Urban Soil PAHs in the study area may pose a potential threat to potable groundwater water quality from leaching of carcinogenic PAH mixtures from Soil.
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polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs in Urban Soils of the megacity shanghai occurrence source apportionment and potential human health risk
Science of The Total Environment, 2013Co-Authors: Xuetong Wang, Yi Miao, Yuan ZhangAbstract:Abstract A comprehensive investigation was conducted to the Urban Soil in the megacity Shanghai in order to assess the levels of PAHs and potential risks to human health, to identify and quantitatively assess source contributions to the Soil PAHs. A total of 57 Soil samples collected in main Urban areas of Shanghai, China were analyzed for 26 PAHs including highly carcinogenic dibenzopyrene isomers. The total concentrations ranged from 133 to 8650 ng g − 1 for Σ 26 PAHs and 83.3 to 7220 ng g − 1 for Σ 16 PAHs, with mean values of 2420 and 1970 ng g − 1 , respectively. DBalP and DBaeP may serve as markers for diesel vehicle emission, while DBahP is a probable marker of coke tar as distinct from diesel emissions. Six sources in Shanghai Urban area were identified by PMF model; their relative contributions to the total Soil PAH burden were 6% for petrogenic sources, 21% for coal combustion, 13% for biomass burning, 16% for creosote, 23% for coke tar related sources and 21% for vehicular emissions, respectively. The benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaP eq ) concentrations ranged from 48.9–2580 ng g − 1 for Σ 24 PAHs, 7.02–869 ng g − 1 for Σ 16 PAHs and 35.7–1990 ng g − 1 for Σ 4 DBPs. The BaP eq concentrations of Σ 4 DBPs made up 72% of Σ 24 PAHs. Nearly half of the Soil samples showed concentrations above the safe BaP eq value of 600 ng g − 1 . Exposure to these Soils through direct contact probably poses a significant risk to human health from carcinogenic effects of Soil PAHs. The index of additive cancer risk (IACR) values in almost one third of Urban Soil samples were more than the safe value of 1.0, indicating these Urban Soil PAHs in the study area may pose a potential threat to potable groundwater water quality from leaching of carcinogenic PAH mixtures from Soil.
Yong-guan Zhu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nitrogen inputs are more important than denitrifier abundances in controlling denitrification derived n2o emission from both Urban and agricultural Soils
Science of The Total Environment, 2019Co-Authors: Xiaoru Yang, Ximei Xue, Shuai Chang, Brajesh K Singh, Yong-guan ZhuAbstract:Cities are increasingly being recognized as important contributors in global warming, for example by increasing atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O). However, Urban ecosystems remain poorly understood due to their functional complexity. Further, few studies have documented the microbial processes governing the N2O emissions from Urban Soils. Here, a field study was performed to assess in situ N2O emissions in an Urban and agricultural Soil located in Xiamen, China. The mechanisms underlying the difference in N2O emission patterns in both Soils were further explored in an incubation experiment. Field investigations showed that N2O emission (3.5-19.0 mu g N2O-N m(-2) h(-1)) from the Urban Soil was significantly lower than that from the agricultural Soil (25.4-18,502.3 mu g N2O-N m(-2) h(-1)). Incubation experiments showed that the Urban Soil initially emitted lower denitrification-derived N2O because of the lower nirS (encoding nitrite reductases) abundances, whereas overall N2O accumulation during the incubation was mainly controlled by the initial nitrate content in Soil. Nitrate addition in a short period (5 days) did not change the total bacterial and denitrifier abundances or the Soil bacterial community composition, but significantly altered the relative distribution of some key genera capable of denitrification. Although the Urban Soil exhibited lower N2O emission than its agricultural counterpart in this study, the expanding Urban green areas should be taken into account when building N2O emission reduction targets. (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Urban Soil and human health: a review
European Journal of Soil Science, 2018Co-Authors: Guo-xin Sun, Yujing Ren, Xiao-san Luo, Yong-guan ZhuAbstract:Rapid industrialization and Urbanization during recent decades are having dramatic effects on Urban Soil properties and lead to large discharges of pollutants, which inevitably affect the health of the Soil, ecosystems and human populations. This paper provides a systematic review of the relations between Urban Soil and human health. First, it summarizes the organic and inorganic pollutants in Urban Soil and their potential risks to human health. Second, the relations between Urban greenbelt land, Soil microbial diversity and human health are also explored. Third, we propose that future research should focus on the integration of assessments of health risks with exposure pathways and site characteristics. Bioavailability-based risk assessment frameworks for pollutants in Urban Soil can elucidate the complicated relations between Urban Soil, pollutant exposure and human health in cities. Finally, management of Urban Soil and policy should be strengthened in the future to maintain its sustainable development and utilization. More effort should be directed to understanding the relations between Soil microbial diversity, green space and human health in cities.
Guoying Sheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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levels composition profiles and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Urban Soil of shanghai china
Chemosphere, 2009Co-Authors: Yufeng Jiang, Xuetong Wang, Fei Wang, Ying Jia, Guoying ShengAbstract:Abstract Levels, composition profiles and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed in 55 surface Soil samples collected from Shanghai Urban districts. The total concentrations of 22 PAHs (ΣPAHs) ranged from 442 to 19,700 μg kg−1, with a mean of 3780 μg kg−1, and the sum of 16 priority PAHs (Σ16PAHs) varied from 347 to 17,900 μg kg−1, with a mean of 3290 μg kg−1, and the seven possible carcinogenic PAHs (Σ7CarPAHs) accounted for 36–58% of Σ16PAHs. Among different functional areas, the higher level of PAHs was found in the roadside, followed by greenbelt, commercial district, park, and residential district. The composition of PAHs was characterized by the high molecular weight PAHs, among which fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene and chrysene were most dominant components. A correlation analysis showed that there was relatively good correlation among the individual PAHs, but the contents of PAHs were poorly correlated with Soil total organic carbon (TOC). A principal component analysis and PAHs isomeric ratios indicate that PAHs in Shanghai Urban Soil mainly originated from combustion. The toxic assessment suggested that Soil PAHs exposure is medium carcinogenic at present level.
