The Experts below are selected from a list of 318 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Vincent Rioux - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fatty Acid Desaturase 3 (FADS3) Is a Specific ∆13-Desaturase of Ruminant trans-Vaccenic Acid
Lifestyle Genomics, 2019Co-Authors: Vincent Rioux, Philippe LegrandAbstract:In mammalian species, the Fatty Acid Desaturase (FADS) gene cluster includes FADS1 (∆5-desaturase), FADS2 (∆6-desaturase), and a third gene member, named FADS3. According to its high degree of nucleotide sequence homology with both FADS1and FADS2, FADS3 was promptly suspected by researchers in the field to code for a new mammalian membrane-bound fatty Acid desaturase. However, no catalytic activity was attributed to the FADS3 protein for a decade, until the rat FADS3 protein was shown in vitro to be able to catalyze the unexpected ∆13-desaturation of trans-Vaccenic Acid, producing the trans11,cis13-conjugated linoleic Acid isomer. This review summarizes the recent investigations establishing the FADS3 enzyme as a reliable mammalian trans-vaccenate ∆13-desaturase in vivo and tries to identify further unresolved issues that need to be addressed.
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fatty Acid desaturase 3 fads3 is a specific 13 desaturase of ruminant trans Vaccenic Acid
Lifestyle genomics, 2019Co-Authors: Vincent Rioux, Philippe LegrandAbstract:In mammalian species, the Fatty Acid Desaturase (FADS) gene cluster includes FADS1 (∆5-desaturase), FADS2 (∆6-desaturase), and a third gene member, named FADS3. According to its high degree of nucleotide sequence homology with both FADS1and FADS2, FADS3 was promptly suspected by researchers in the field to code for a new mammalian membrane-bound fatty Acid desaturase. However, no catalytic activity was attributed to the FADS3 protein for a decade, until the rat FADS3 protein was shown in vitro to be able to catalyze the unexpected ∆13-desaturation of trans-Vaccenic Acid, producing the trans11,cis13-conjugated linoleic Acid isomer. This review summarizes the recent investigations establishing the FADS3 enzyme as a reliable mammalian trans-vaccenate ∆13-desaturase in vivo and tries to identify further unresolved issues that need to be addressed.
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Dairy products as main dietary sources of trans-palmitoleic and trans-Vaccenic Acid in France
2018Co-Authors: Étienne Guillocheau, Daniel Catheline, Philippe Legrand, Clémence Penhoat, Ambre Godet, Vincent RiouxAbstract:Trans-palmitoleic Acid (trans-C16:1 n-7, TPA) and trans-Vaccenic Acid (trans-C18:1 n-7, TVA) are usually found in dairy products: both are associated with improvements regarding risk of metabolic syndrome. However, partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs) were reported to contain TVA as well, while their TPA content was never assessed. Because there is no official ban on PHOs in Europe, the relative contribution of dairy products to trans fatty Acids intake is not accurately known. The study aimed at assessing the most reliable sources of both TPA and TVA at the current time in France. Two hypotheses were made: (1) TPA and TVA are found in dairy products, (2) partially hydrogenated oils are not used anymore, and (3) current blends of vegetable oils are free of trans fatty Acids. Foods were purchased in local stores in France. Trans fatty Acids were isolated by silver-ion thin-layer chromatography and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy with appropriate conditions, to separate as much positional isomers (trans-C16:1 and trans-C18:1) as possible. Both TPA and TVA were found in dairy products, and in foods which fatty Acid composition relied on both dairy lipids and vegetable oils. Conversely, blends of vegetable oils were free of TPA and TVA. Sources of both TPA and TVA are on the side of dairy products. In strong connection with dairy technology and farm management, the impact of processes and ruminant nutrition on TPA and TVA content in dairy fat should be understood.
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Conversion of dietary trans-Vaccenic Acid to trans11,cis13-conjugated linoleic Acid in the rat lactating mammary gland by Fatty Acid Desaturase 3-catalyzed methyl-end Δ13-desaturation.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2018Co-Authors: Cyrielle Garcia, Daniel Catheline, Philippe Legrand, Étienne Guillocheau, Léo Richard, Gaëtan Drouin, Vincent RiouxAbstract:Abstract In vitro , the rat Fatty Acid Desaturase 3 (FADS3) gene was shown to code for an enzyme able to catalyze the unexpected Δ13-desaturation of trans -Vaccenic Acid, producing the trans 11, cis 13-conjugated linoleic Acid (CLA) isomer. FADS3 may therefore be the first methyl-end trans -vaccenate Δ13-desaturase functionally characterized in mammals, but the proof of this concept is so far lacking in vivo . The present study therefore aimed at investigating further the putative in vivo synthesis of trans 11, cis 13-CLA from dietary trans -Vaccenic Acid in rodents. During one week of pregnancy and two weeks post-partum, Sprague-Dawley female rats were fed two diets either high (10.0% of fatty Acids and 3.8% of energy intake) or low (0.4% of fatty Acids and 0.2% of energy intake) in trans -Vaccenic Acid. The trans 11, cis 13-CLA was specifically detected, formally identified and reproducibly quantified (0.06% of total fatty Acids) in the mammary gland phospholipids of lactating female rats fed the high trans -Vaccenic Acid-enriched diet. This result was consistent with FADS3 mRNA expression being significantly higher in the lactating mammary gland than in the liver. Although the apparent metabolic conversion is low, this physiological evidence demonstrates the existence of this new pathway described in the lactating mammary gland and establishes the FADS3 enzyme as a reliable mammalian trans -vaccenate Δ13-desaturase in vivo .
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synthesis of the suspected trans 11 cis 13 conjugated linoleic Acid isomer in ruminant mammary tissue by fads3 catalyzed δ13 desaturation of Vaccenic Acid
Journal of Dairy Science, 2017Co-Authors: Cyrielle Garcia, Pablo G Toral, Cecile Duby, L. Bernard, Daniel Catheline, Philippe Legrand, Vincent RiouxAbstract:The octadecadienoic conjugated linoleic Acid (CLA) isomer with trans-11 and cis-13 double bonds (trans-11,cis-13 CLA) has been described in ruminant milk. For now, this specific CLA is suspected to derive exclusively from ruminal biohydrogenation of dietary α-linolenic Acid. However, in rodents, the fatty Acid desaturase 3 (FADS3) gene was recently shown to code for an enzyme able to catalyze the unexpected Δ13-desaturation of Vaccenic Acid, producing a Δ11,13-CLA with all the structural characteristics of the trans-11,cis-13 isomer, although no commercial standard exists for complete conclusive identification. Because the FADS3 gene has already been reported in bovine animals, we hypothesized in the present study that an alternative direct FADS3-catalyzed Δ13-desaturation of Vaccenic Acid in mammary tissue may therefore co-exist with α-linolenic Acid biohydrogenation to explain the final ruminant milk trans-11,cis-13 CLA presence. Here, we first confirm that the FADS3 gene is present in ruminant mammal genomic sequence databases. Second, we demonstrate that the Δ11,13-CLA found in milk fat and the highly probable trans-11,cis-13 CLA isomer produced by rodent FADS3 possess exactly the same structural characteristics. Then, we show that bovine mammary MAC-T and BME-UV epithelial cells express both FADS3 and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) mRNA and are able to synthesize both the suspected trans-11,cis-13 CLA and cis-9,trans-11CLA (rumenic Acid) isomers when incubated with Vaccenic Acid. Finally, the concomitant presence of the suspected trans-11,cis-13 CLA isomer with FADS3 mRNA was shown in goat mammary tissue, whereas both were conversely very low or even absent in goat liver. Therefore, this study provides several lines of evidence that, by analogy with rumenic Acid, trans-11,cis-13 CLA may originate both from ruminal biohydrogenation and from direct FADS3-catalyzed Δ13-desaturation of Vaccenic Acid in mammary tissue.
Spencer D. Proctor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Feeding steers hay with extruded flaxseed together or sequentially has a profound effect on erythrocyte trans 11-18:1 (Vaccenic Acid)
Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 2016Co-Authors: Payam Vahmani, Nuria Prieto, David C. Rolland, Jennifer L. Aalhus, Spencer D. Proctor, Tim A. Mcallister, Hushton C. Block, Le Luo Guan, Michael E. R. DuganAbstract:Extruded flaxseed and ground hay [25% and 75%; dry matter (DM) basis] were fed in a total mixed ration (TMR) or sequentially (non-TMR) to three pens of eight crossbred steers per diet. At 112 d, erythrocytes from non-TMR steers had 65% more Vaccenic Acid (trans 11-18:1) than TMR steers (P < 0.05).
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trans 11 Vaccenic Acid improves insulin secretion in models of type 2 diabetes in vivo and in vitro
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 2016Co-Authors: Xiaofeng Wang, Spencer D. Proctor, Joel Gupta, Matthew Kerslake, Gina R. Rayat, Catherine B. ChanAbstract:Scope Trans-11 Vaccenic Acid (VA) is a fatty Acid produced by ruminants entering the human food supply through meat and dairy products, which appears not to have the health risks associated with industrially produced trans-fatty Acids. In this study, we investigated the effect of VA on insulin secretion in vivo in rats and in vitro in human and rat islets after diabetogenic insult. Methods and results Hyperglycemic clamp showed that VA dietary supplementation for 8 weeks significantly increased glucose turnover in rats with type 2 diabetes (T2D), accompanied by an elevated plasma C-peptide concentration, indicating improved insulin secretion. The β-cell area and proliferation rate were higher in T2D+VA than T2D group. Isolated islets from T2D+VA rats had higher glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) than T2D group. In vitro, VA treatment for 24 and 48 h significantly enhanced GSIS in rat and human islets after diabetogenic challenges. The mRNA expression of G-protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) and regenerating islet-derived 1α (REG-1α) were consistently increased by VA in both rat and human islets. Conclusion These results indicate that VA may improve insulin secretion and growth of islets in T2D, at least partly by altering GPR40 and REG-1α mRNA expression.
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Trans‐11 Vaccenic Acid improves insulin secretion in models of type 2 diabetes in vivo and in vitro
Molecular nutrition & food research, 2016Co-Authors: Xiaofeng Wang, Spencer D. Proctor, Joel Gupta, Matthew Kerslake, Gina R. Rayat, Catherine B. ChanAbstract:Scope Trans-11 Vaccenic Acid (VA) is a fatty Acid produced by ruminants entering the human food supply through meat and dairy products, which appears not to have the health risks associated with industrially produced trans-fatty Acids. In this study, we investigated the effect of VA on insulin secretion in vivo in rats and in vitro in human and rat islets after diabetogenic insult. Methods and results Hyperglycemic clamp showed that VA dietary supplementation for 8 weeks significantly increased glucose turnover in rats with type 2 diabetes (T2D), accompanied by an elevated plasma C-peptide concentration, indicating improved insulin secretion. The β-cell area and proliferation rate were higher in T2D+VA than T2D group. Isolated islets from T2D+VA rats had higher glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) than T2D group. In vitro, VA treatment for 24 and 48 h significantly enhanced GSIS in rat and human islets after diabetogenic challenges. The mRNA expression of G-protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) and regenerating islet-derived 1α (REG-1α) were consistently increased by VA in both rat and human islets. Conclusion These results indicate that VA may improve insulin secretion and growth of islets in T2D, at least partly by altering GPR40 and REG-1α mRNA expression.
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Diets enriched in trans-11 Vaccenic Acid alleviate ectopic lipid accumulation in a rat model of NAFLD and metabolic syndrome.
The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Miriam Jacome-sosa, Martin J. T. Reaney, Rabban Mangat, Jianheng Shen, Faye Borthwick, Richard R. E. Uwiera, Ariel D. Quiroga, René L. Jacobs, Richard Lehner, Spencer D. ProctorAbstract:Abstract Trans 11-18:1 (Vaccenic Acid, VA) is one of the most predominant naturally occurring trans fats in our food chain and has recently been shown to exert hypolipidemic effects in animal models. In this study, we reveal new mechanism(s) by which VA can alter body fat distribution, energy utilization and dysfunctional lipid metabolism in an animal model of obesity displaying features of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Obese JCR:LA- cp rats were assigned to a control diet that included dairy-derived fat or the control diet supplemented with 1% VA. VA reduced total body fat (−6%), stimulated adipose tissue redistribution [reduced mesenteric fat (−17%) while increasing inguinal fat mass (29%)] and decreased adipocyte size (−44%) versus control rats. VA supplementation also increased metabolic rate (7%) concomitantly with an increased preference for whole-body glucose utilization for oxidation and increased insulin sensitivity [lower HOMA-IR (−59%)]. Further, VA decreased nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity scores (−34%) and reduced hepatic (−27%) and intestinal (−39%) triglyceride secretion relative to control diet, while exerting differential transcriptional regulation of SREBP1 and FAS amongst other key genes in the liver and the intestine. Adding VA to dairy fat alleviates features of MetS potentially by remodeling adipose tissue and attenuating ectopic lipid accumulation in a rat model of obesity and MetS. Increasing VA content in the diet (naturally or by fortification) may be a useful approach to maximize the health value of dairy-derived fats.
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Beneficial effects of Vaccenic Acid on postprandial lipid metabolism and dyslipidemia: Impact of natural trans‐fats to improve CVD risk
Lipid Technology, 2010Co-Authors: Ye Wang, Miriam Jacome-sosa, Donna F. Vine, Spencer D. ProctorAbstract:Abnormal non-fasting (postprandial) lipid metabolism has been recognized as a significant contributor to dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Clinically, impaired metabolism of lipoproteins following a meal (e.g. chylomicrons) has been demonstrated in a number of chronic diseases, including obesity, insulin resistance, as well as type 1 and 2 diabetes. Given the proposed effects of dietary trans fat to contribute to a lipid profile that increases CVD risk, there has been a public health campaign in many countries to eliminate these fatty Acids from the food supply. In contrast, our group has recently reported novel lipid-lowering benefits of a major naturally-occurring trans fatty Acid Vaccenic Acid (VA, shorthand lipid name 18:1 trans-11), in an animal model of dyslipidemia and the metabolic syndrome. Studies to date have shown that dietary supplementation of VA effectively reduces not only fasting lipids, but also postprandial triacylglycerol and chylomicron concentrations in obese JCR:LA-cp rats. Evidence from animal studies to date suggest that VA may down-regulate hepatic fatty Acid synthesis and directly influence lipogenesis in the intestine. The discovery of new bioactive properties of VA is supported by clinical studies which have provided increased momentum for industry applications. In this review we summarize the emerging beneficial view of natural trans fats that have distinct and differential properties compared to those synthetically produced in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHVO), with a particular focus on fasting and postprandial lipid metabolism in CVD risk.
Catherine B. Chan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Trans-11 Vaccenic Acid improves glucose homeostasis in a model of type 2 diabetes by promoting insulin secretion via GPR40
Journal of Functional Foods, 2019Co-Authors: Xiaofeng Wang, Alexandra England, Charlene Sinclair, Frances Merkosky, Catherine B. ChanAbstract:Abstract It is largely unknown whether and how trans-11 Vaccenic Acid (VA), a ruminant trans-fatty Acid with health benefits, influences glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes (T2D). VA was provided in diet to rats and in vitro to human/rat islets with diabetogenic challenges. Compared to rats with T2D induced by high-fat diet/streptozotocin, T2D + VA animals had improved ambient and fasting blood glucose, β-cell area, in vivo insulin secretion, and ex vivo glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in islets from T2D + VA rats, which were accompanied with higher islet mRNA and protein expression of G-protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40). In vitro, VA enhanced GPR40 protein expression and protein kinase D1 phosphorylation, and promoted GSIS in rat and human islets, an effect blocked by the inhibition of GPR40 and protein kinase D. These results indicate that VA may improve glycemic control by promoting insulin secretion in T2D, at least partly through stimulating GPR40 expression and signaling.
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trans 11 Vaccenic Acid improves insulin secretion in models of type 2 diabetes in vivo and in vitro
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 2016Co-Authors: Xiaofeng Wang, Spencer D. Proctor, Joel Gupta, Matthew Kerslake, Gina R. Rayat, Catherine B. ChanAbstract:Scope Trans-11 Vaccenic Acid (VA) is a fatty Acid produced by ruminants entering the human food supply through meat and dairy products, which appears not to have the health risks associated with industrially produced trans-fatty Acids. In this study, we investigated the effect of VA on insulin secretion in vivo in rats and in vitro in human and rat islets after diabetogenic insult. Methods and results Hyperglycemic clamp showed that VA dietary supplementation for 8 weeks significantly increased glucose turnover in rats with type 2 diabetes (T2D), accompanied by an elevated plasma C-peptide concentration, indicating improved insulin secretion. The β-cell area and proliferation rate were higher in T2D+VA than T2D group. Isolated islets from T2D+VA rats had higher glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) than T2D group. In vitro, VA treatment for 24 and 48 h significantly enhanced GSIS in rat and human islets after diabetogenic challenges. The mRNA expression of G-protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) and regenerating islet-derived 1α (REG-1α) were consistently increased by VA in both rat and human islets. Conclusion These results indicate that VA may improve insulin secretion and growth of islets in T2D, at least partly by altering GPR40 and REG-1α mRNA expression.
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Trans‐11 Vaccenic Acid improves insulin secretion in models of type 2 diabetes in vivo and in vitro
Molecular nutrition & food research, 2016Co-Authors: Xiaofeng Wang, Spencer D. Proctor, Joel Gupta, Matthew Kerslake, Gina R. Rayat, Catherine B. ChanAbstract:Scope Trans-11 Vaccenic Acid (VA) is a fatty Acid produced by ruminants entering the human food supply through meat and dairy products, which appears not to have the health risks associated with industrially produced trans-fatty Acids. In this study, we investigated the effect of VA on insulin secretion in vivo in rats and in vitro in human and rat islets after diabetogenic insult. Methods and results Hyperglycemic clamp showed that VA dietary supplementation for 8 weeks significantly increased glucose turnover in rats with type 2 diabetes (T2D), accompanied by an elevated plasma C-peptide concentration, indicating improved insulin secretion. The β-cell area and proliferation rate were higher in T2D+VA than T2D group. Isolated islets from T2D+VA rats had higher glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) than T2D group. In vitro, VA treatment for 24 and 48 h significantly enhanced GSIS in rat and human islets after diabetogenic challenges. The mRNA expression of G-protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) and regenerating islet-derived 1α (REG-1α) were consistently increased by VA in both rat and human islets. Conclusion These results indicate that VA may improve insulin secretion and growth of islets in T2D, at least partly by altering GPR40 and REG-1α mRNA expression.
Cyrielle Garcia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Conversion of dietary trans-Vaccenic Acid to trans11,cis13-conjugated linoleic Acid in the rat lactating mammary gland by Fatty Acid Desaturase 3-catalyzed methyl-end Δ13-desaturation.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2018Co-Authors: Cyrielle Garcia, Daniel Catheline, Philippe Legrand, Étienne Guillocheau, Léo Richard, Gaëtan Drouin, Vincent RiouxAbstract:Abstract In vitro , the rat Fatty Acid Desaturase 3 (FADS3) gene was shown to code for an enzyme able to catalyze the unexpected Δ13-desaturation of trans -Vaccenic Acid, producing the trans 11, cis 13-conjugated linoleic Acid (CLA) isomer. FADS3 may therefore be the first methyl-end trans -vaccenate Δ13-desaturase functionally characterized in mammals, but the proof of this concept is so far lacking in vivo . The present study therefore aimed at investigating further the putative in vivo synthesis of trans 11, cis 13-CLA from dietary trans -Vaccenic Acid in rodents. During one week of pregnancy and two weeks post-partum, Sprague-Dawley female rats were fed two diets either high (10.0% of fatty Acids and 3.8% of energy intake) or low (0.4% of fatty Acids and 0.2% of energy intake) in trans -Vaccenic Acid. The trans 11, cis 13-CLA was specifically detected, formally identified and reproducibly quantified (0.06% of total fatty Acids) in the mammary gland phospholipids of lactating female rats fed the high trans -Vaccenic Acid-enriched diet. This result was consistent with FADS3 mRNA expression being significantly higher in the lactating mammary gland than in the liver. Although the apparent metabolic conversion is low, this physiological evidence demonstrates the existence of this new pathway described in the lactating mammary gland and establishes the FADS3 enzyme as a reliable mammalian trans -vaccenate Δ13-desaturase in vivo .
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synthesis of the suspected trans 11 cis 13 conjugated linoleic Acid isomer in ruminant mammary tissue by fads3 catalyzed δ13 desaturation of Vaccenic Acid
Journal of Dairy Science, 2017Co-Authors: Cyrielle Garcia, Pablo G Toral, Cecile Duby, L. Bernard, Daniel Catheline, Philippe Legrand, Vincent RiouxAbstract:The octadecadienoic conjugated linoleic Acid (CLA) isomer with trans-11 and cis-13 double bonds (trans-11,cis-13 CLA) has been described in ruminant milk. For now, this specific CLA is suspected to derive exclusively from ruminal biohydrogenation of dietary α-linolenic Acid. However, in rodents, the fatty Acid desaturase 3 (FADS3) gene was recently shown to code for an enzyme able to catalyze the unexpected Δ13-desaturation of Vaccenic Acid, producing a Δ11,13-CLA with all the structural characteristics of the trans-11,cis-13 isomer, although no commercial standard exists for complete conclusive identification. Because the FADS3 gene has already been reported in bovine animals, we hypothesized in the present study that an alternative direct FADS3-catalyzed Δ13-desaturation of Vaccenic Acid in mammary tissue may therefore co-exist with α-linolenic Acid biohydrogenation to explain the final ruminant milk trans-11,cis-13 CLA presence. Here, we first confirm that the FADS3 gene is present in ruminant mammal genomic sequence databases. Second, we demonstrate that the Δ11,13-CLA found in milk fat and the highly probable trans-11,cis-13 CLA isomer produced by rodent FADS3 possess exactly the same structural characteristics. Then, we show that bovine mammary MAC-T and BME-UV epithelial cells express both FADS3 and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) mRNA and are able to synthesize both the suspected trans-11,cis-13 CLA and cis-9,trans-11CLA (rumenic Acid) isomers when incubated with Vaccenic Acid. Finally, the concomitant presence of the suspected trans-11,cis-13 CLA isomer with FADS3 mRNA was shown in goat mammary tissue, whereas both were conversely very low or even absent in goat liver. Therefore, this study provides several lines of evidence that, by analogy with rumenic Acid, trans-11,cis-13 CLA may originate both from ruminal biohydrogenation and from direct FADS3-catalyzed Δ13-desaturation of Vaccenic Acid in mammary tissue.
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Synthesis of the suspected trans-11,cis-13 conjugated linoleic Acid isomer in ruminant mammary tissue by FADS3-catalyzed Δ13-desaturation of Vaccenic Acid
Journal of Dairy Science, 2017Co-Authors: Cyrielle Garcia, Cecile Duby, L. Bernard, Daniel Catheline, Philippe Legrand, Pablo Gutierrez Toral, Vincent RiouxAbstract:The octadecadienoic conjugated linoleic Acid (CLA) isomer with trans-11 and cis-13 double bonds (trans11,cis-13 CLA) has been described in ruminant milk. For now, this specific CLA is suspected to derive exclusively from ruminal biohydrogenation of dietary alpha-linolenic Acid. However, in rodents, the fatty Acid desaturase 3 (FADS3) gene was recently shown to code for an enzyme able to catalyze the unexpected Delta 13-desaturation of Vaccenic Acid, producing a Delta 11,13-CLA with all the structural characteristics of the trans 11, cis-13 isomer, although no commercial standard exists for complete conclusive identification. Because the FADS3 gene has already been reported in bovine animals, we hypothesized in the present study that an alternative direct FADS3-catalyzed Delta 13-desaturation of Vaccenic Acid in mammary tissue may therefore coexist with alpha-linolenic Acid biohydrogenation to explain the final ruminant milk trans-11,cis-13 CLA presence. Here, we first confirm that the FADS3 gene is present in ruminant mammal genomic sequence databases. Second, we demonstrate that the 011,13-CLA found in milk fat and the highly probable trans-11,cis-13 CLA isomer produced by rodent FADS3 possess exactly the same structural characteristics. Then, we show that bovine mammary MAC-T and BME-UV epithelial cells express both FADS3 and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) mRNA and are able to synthesize both the suspected trans-11,cis-13 CLA and cis-9,trans-11CLA (rumenic Acid) isomers when incubated with Vaccenic Acid. Finally, the concomitant presence of the suspected trans-11,cis-13 CLA isomer with FADS3 mRNA was shown in goat mammary tissue, whereas both were conversely very low or even absent in goat liver. Therefore, this study provides several lines of evidence that, by analogy with rumenic Acid, trans-11, cis-13 CLA may originate both from ruminal biohydrogenation and from direct FADS3-catalyzed Delta 13-desaturation of Vaccenic Acid in mammary tissue.
Daniel Catheline - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Dairy products as main dietary sources of trans-palmitoleic and trans-Vaccenic Acid in France
2018Co-Authors: Étienne Guillocheau, Daniel Catheline, Philippe Legrand, Clémence Penhoat, Ambre Godet, Vincent RiouxAbstract:Trans-palmitoleic Acid (trans-C16:1 n-7, TPA) and trans-Vaccenic Acid (trans-C18:1 n-7, TVA) are usually found in dairy products: both are associated with improvements regarding risk of metabolic syndrome. However, partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs) were reported to contain TVA as well, while their TPA content was never assessed. Because there is no official ban on PHOs in Europe, the relative contribution of dairy products to trans fatty Acids intake is not accurately known. The study aimed at assessing the most reliable sources of both TPA and TVA at the current time in France. Two hypotheses were made: (1) TPA and TVA are found in dairy products, (2) partially hydrogenated oils are not used anymore, and (3) current blends of vegetable oils are free of trans fatty Acids. Foods were purchased in local stores in France. Trans fatty Acids were isolated by silver-ion thin-layer chromatography and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy with appropriate conditions, to separate as much positional isomers (trans-C16:1 and trans-C18:1) as possible. Both TPA and TVA were found in dairy products, and in foods which fatty Acid composition relied on both dairy lipids and vegetable oils. Conversely, blends of vegetable oils were free of TPA and TVA. Sources of both TPA and TVA are on the side of dairy products. In strong connection with dairy technology and farm management, the impact of processes and ruminant nutrition on TPA and TVA content in dairy fat should be understood.
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Conversion of dietary trans-Vaccenic Acid to trans11,cis13-conjugated linoleic Acid in the rat lactating mammary gland by Fatty Acid Desaturase 3-catalyzed methyl-end Δ13-desaturation.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2018Co-Authors: Cyrielle Garcia, Daniel Catheline, Philippe Legrand, Étienne Guillocheau, Léo Richard, Gaëtan Drouin, Vincent RiouxAbstract:Abstract In vitro , the rat Fatty Acid Desaturase 3 (FADS3) gene was shown to code for an enzyme able to catalyze the unexpected Δ13-desaturation of trans -Vaccenic Acid, producing the trans 11, cis 13-conjugated linoleic Acid (CLA) isomer. FADS3 may therefore be the first methyl-end trans -vaccenate Δ13-desaturase functionally characterized in mammals, but the proof of this concept is so far lacking in vivo . The present study therefore aimed at investigating further the putative in vivo synthesis of trans 11, cis 13-CLA from dietary trans -Vaccenic Acid in rodents. During one week of pregnancy and two weeks post-partum, Sprague-Dawley female rats were fed two diets either high (10.0% of fatty Acids and 3.8% of energy intake) or low (0.4% of fatty Acids and 0.2% of energy intake) in trans -Vaccenic Acid. The trans 11, cis 13-CLA was specifically detected, formally identified and reproducibly quantified (0.06% of total fatty Acids) in the mammary gland phospholipids of lactating female rats fed the high trans -Vaccenic Acid-enriched diet. This result was consistent with FADS3 mRNA expression being significantly higher in the lactating mammary gland than in the liver. Although the apparent metabolic conversion is low, this physiological evidence demonstrates the existence of this new pathway described in the lactating mammary gland and establishes the FADS3 enzyme as a reliable mammalian trans -vaccenate Δ13-desaturase in vivo .
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synthesis of the suspected trans 11 cis 13 conjugated linoleic Acid isomer in ruminant mammary tissue by fads3 catalyzed δ13 desaturation of Vaccenic Acid
Journal of Dairy Science, 2017Co-Authors: Cyrielle Garcia, Pablo G Toral, Cecile Duby, L. Bernard, Daniel Catheline, Philippe Legrand, Vincent RiouxAbstract:The octadecadienoic conjugated linoleic Acid (CLA) isomer with trans-11 and cis-13 double bonds (trans-11,cis-13 CLA) has been described in ruminant milk. For now, this specific CLA is suspected to derive exclusively from ruminal biohydrogenation of dietary α-linolenic Acid. However, in rodents, the fatty Acid desaturase 3 (FADS3) gene was recently shown to code for an enzyme able to catalyze the unexpected Δ13-desaturation of Vaccenic Acid, producing a Δ11,13-CLA with all the structural characteristics of the trans-11,cis-13 isomer, although no commercial standard exists for complete conclusive identification. Because the FADS3 gene has already been reported in bovine animals, we hypothesized in the present study that an alternative direct FADS3-catalyzed Δ13-desaturation of Vaccenic Acid in mammary tissue may therefore co-exist with α-linolenic Acid biohydrogenation to explain the final ruminant milk trans-11,cis-13 CLA presence. Here, we first confirm that the FADS3 gene is present in ruminant mammal genomic sequence databases. Second, we demonstrate that the Δ11,13-CLA found in milk fat and the highly probable trans-11,cis-13 CLA isomer produced by rodent FADS3 possess exactly the same structural characteristics. Then, we show that bovine mammary MAC-T and BME-UV epithelial cells express both FADS3 and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) mRNA and are able to synthesize both the suspected trans-11,cis-13 CLA and cis-9,trans-11CLA (rumenic Acid) isomers when incubated with Vaccenic Acid. Finally, the concomitant presence of the suspected trans-11,cis-13 CLA isomer with FADS3 mRNA was shown in goat mammary tissue, whereas both were conversely very low or even absent in goat liver. Therefore, this study provides several lines of evidence that, by analogy with rumenic Acid, trans-11,cis-13 CLA may originate both from ruminal biohydrogenation and from direct FADS3-catalyzed Δ13-desaturation of Vaccenic Acid in mammary tissue.
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Synthesis of the suspected trans-11,cis-13 conjugated linoleic Acid isomer in ruminant mammary tissue by FADS3-catalyzed Δ13-desaturation of Vaccenic Acid
Journal of Dairy Science, 2017Co-Authors: Cyrielle Garcia, Cecile Duby, L. Bernard, Daniel Catheline, Philippe Legrand, Pablo Gutierrez Toral, Vincent RiouxAbstract:The octadecadienoic conjugated linoleic Acid (CLA) isomer with trans-11 and cis-13 double bonds (trans11,cis-13 CLA) has been described in ruminant milk. For now, this specific CLA is suspected to derive exclusively from ruminal biohydrogenation of dietary alpha-linolenic Acid. However, in rodents, the fatty Acid desaturase 3 (FADS3) gene was recently shown to code for an enzyme able to catalyze the unexpected Delta 13-desaturation of Vaccenic Acid, producing a Delta 11,13-CLA with all the structural characteristics of the trans 11, cis-13 isomer, although no commercial standard exists for complete conclusive identification. Because the FADS3 gene has already been reported in bovine animals, we hypothesized in the present study that an alternative direct FADS3-catalyzed Delta 13-desaturation of Vaccenic Acid in mammary tissue may therefore coexist with alpha-linolenic Acid biohydrogenation to explain the final ruminant milk trans-11,cis-13 CLA presence. Here, we first confirm that the FADS3 gene is present in ruminant mammal genomic sequence databases. Second, we demonstrate that the 011,13-CLA found in milk fat and the highly probable trans-11,cis-13 CLA isomer produced by rodent FADS3 possess exactly the same structural characteristics. Then, we show that bovine mammary MAC-T and BME-UV epithelial cells express both FADS3 and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) mRNA and are able to synthesize both the suspected trans-11,cis-13 CLA and cis-9,trans-11CLA (rumenic Acid) isomers when incubated with Vaccenic Acid. Finally, the concomitant presence of the suspected trans-11,cis-13 CLA isomer with FADS3 mRNA was shown in goat mammary tissue, whereas both were conversely very low or even absent in goat liver. Therefore, this study provides several lines of evidence that, by analogy with rumenic Acid, trans-11, cis-13 CLA may originate both from ruminal biohydrogenation and from direct FADS3-catalyzed Delta 13-desaturation of Vaccenic Acid in mammary tissue.