Vaginal Flora

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Sharon L Hillier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • p1 025 effects of abnormal Vaginal Flora and menopause on cervicoVaginal fluid viscosity
    Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2013
    Co-Authors: Catherine A Chappell, Lisa C Rohan, L Wang, Leslie A Meyn, Bernard J Moncla, Katherine E Bunge, Sharon L Hillier
    Abstract:

    Background Sexually transmitted pathogens, including HIV, are increased among women having abnormal Vaginal Flora. The mucus gel layer is a component of innate mucosal immunity, and the presence of mucus may contribute to the viscosity of genital tract fluid. Little is known about the impact of reproductive hormones, menopause and Vaginal Flora patterns on the viscosity of cervicoVaginal fluid. Methods Vaginal swabs and cervicoVaginal lavage (CVL) were collected from 134 healthy asymptomatic post-menopausal women (n = 23), women in the follicular (n = 26) or proliferative (n = 19) phase, and women using levonogerestrol IUDs (n = 28), DMPA (n = 13) or combined oral contraceptives (n = 25). Vaginal smears were evaluated using the Nugent criteria. The viscosity (centipoise, cP) of each sample was measured in triplicate using a Cambridge MicroSample Viscometer. Student’s t-test, analysis of variance, and linear regression were used to assess statistical significance. Results The mean CVL viscosity among the 84 women having a Nugent score 0.99). Similarly, there was no difference in viscosity among women at different phases of their menstrual cycle, nor among women using different hormonal contraceptive methods. However, the CVL of 23 postmenopausal women was less viscous compared to the 111 premenopausal women, 1.16(± 0.26) vs. 1.47(± 0.44) cP respectively (p = 0.001). In a linear regression model, abnormal Flora (p = 0.01) and postmenopausal status (p = 0.005) were independently associated with decreased CVL viscosity. Conclusion Abnormal Flora and being post-menopausal are independently associated with decreased CVL viscosity. Even though phase of menstrual cycle and hormonal contraceptive use has been posited to have an impact on cervical mucus, these data suggest that these factors do not have a measurable impact of Vaginal fluid viscosity.

  • race ethnicity Vaginal Flora patterns and ph during pregnancy
    Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 1999
    Co-Authors: Rachel A Royce, Sharon L Hillier, Tracy P Jackson, John M Thorp, Lorna K Rabe, Lisa M Pastore, David A Savitz
    Abstract:

    Objectives:To investigate the relationship between bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy and black race/ethnicity.Study Design:Gram staining was used to evaluate Vaginal Flora in 842 women at 24 to 29 weeks' gestation.Results:Overall, 22.3% of blacks and 8.5% of whites had bacterial vaginosis. Vagina

  • Race/ethnicity, Vaginal Flora patterns, and pH during pregnancy.
    Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 1999
    Co-Authors: Rachel A Royce, Sharon L Hillier, Tracy P Jackson, John M Thorp, Lorna K Rabe, Lisa M Pastore, David A Savitz
    Abstract:

    Objectives:To investigate the relationship between bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy and black race/ethnicity.Study Design:Gram staining was used to evaluate Vaginal Flora in 842 women at 24 to 29 weeks' gestation.Results:Overall, 22.3% of blacks and 8.5% of whites had bacterial vaginosis. Vagina

  • hiv 1 infection associated with abnormal Vaginal Flora morphology and bacterial vaginosis
    The Lancet, 1997
    Co-Authors: Nelson K Sewankambo, Ronald H Gray, Maria J Wawer, Lynn Paxton, Denise Mcnairn, Fred Wabwiremangen, David Serwadda, Chuanjun Li, Noah Kiwanuka, Sharon L Hillier
    Abstract:

    Summary Background In-vitro research has suggested that bacterial vaginosis may increase the survival of HIV-1 in the genital tract. Therefore, we investigated the association of HIV-1 infection with Vaginal Flora abnormalities, including bacterial vaginosis and depletion of lactobacilli, after adjustment for sexual activity and the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Methods During the initial survey round of our community-based trial of STD control for HIV-1 prevention in rural Rakai District, southwestern Uganda, we selected 4718 women aged 15–59 years. They provided interview information, blood for HIV-1 and syphilis serology, urine for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae , and two self-administered Vaginal swabs for culture of Trichomonas Vaginalis and gram-stain detection of Vaginal Flora, classified by standardised, quantitative, morphological scoring. Scores 0–3 were normal Vaginal Flora (predominant lactobacilli). Higher scores suggested replacement of lactobacilli by gram-negative, anaerobic microorganisms (4–6 intermediate; 7–8 and 9–10 moderate and severe bacterial vaginosis). Findings HIV-1 frequency was 14·2% among women with normal Vaginal Flora and 26·7% among those with severe bacterial vaginosis (p Interpretation This cross-sectional study cannot show whether disturbed Vaginal Flora increases susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. Nevertheless, the increased frequency of HIV-1 associated with abnormal Flora among younger women, for whom HIV-1 acquisition is likely to be recent, but not among older women, in whom HIV-1 is likely to have been acquired earlier, suggests that loss of lactobacilli or presence of bacterial vaginosis may increase susceptibility to HIV-1 acquisition. If this inference is correct, control of bacterial vaginosis could reduce HIV-1 transmission.

  • HIV-1 infection associated with abnormal Vaginal Flora morphology and bacterial vaginosis.
    Lancet (London England), 1997
    Co-Authors: Nelson K Sewankambo, Maria J Wawer, Lynn Paxton, David Serwadda, Chuanjun Li, Noah Kiwanuka, R H Gray, D Mcnaim, F Wabwire-mangen, Sharon L Hillier
    Abstract:

    In-vitro research has suggested that bacterial vaginosis may increase the survival of HIV-1 in the genital tract. Therefore, we investigated the association of HIV-1 infection with Vaginal Flora abnormalities, including bacterial vaginosis and depletion of lactobacilli, after adjustment for sexual activity and the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). During the initial survey round of our community-based trial of STD control for HIV-1 prevention in rural Rakai District, southwestern Uganda, we selected 4718 women aged 15-59 years. They provided interview information, blood for HIV-1 and syphilis serology, urine for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and two self-administered Vaginal swabs for culture of Trichomonas Vaginalis and gram-stain detection of Vaginal Flora, classified by standardised, quantitative, morphological scoring. Scores 0-3 were normal Vaginal Flora (predominant lactobacilli). Higher scores suggested replacement of lactobacilli by gram-negative, anaerobic microorganisms (4-6 intermediate; 7-8 and 9-10 moderate and severe bacterial vaginosis). HIV-1 frequency was 14.2% among women with normal Vaginal Flora and 26.7% among those with severe bacterial vaginosis (p < 0.0001). We found an association between bacterial vaginosis and increased HIV-1 infection among younger women, but not among women older than 40 years; the association could not be explained by differences in sexual activity or concurrent infection with other STDs. The frequency of bacterial vaginosis was similar among HIV-1-infected women with symptoms (55.0%) and without symptoms (55.7%). The adjusted odds ratio of HIV-1 infection associated with any Vaginal Flora abnormality (scores 4-10) was 1.52 (95% CI 1.22-1.90), for moderate bacterial vaginosis (scores 7-8) it was 1.50 (1.18-1.89), and for severe bacterial vaginosis (scores 9-10) it was 2.08 (1.48-2.94). This cross-sectional study cannot show whether disturbed Vaginal Flora increases susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. Nevertheless, the increased frequency of HIV-1 associated with abnormal Flora among younger women, for whom HIV-1 acquisition is likely to be recent, but not among older women, in whom HIV-1 is likely to have been acquired earlier, suggests that loss of lactobacilli or presence of bacterial vaginosis may increase susceptibility to HIV-1 acquisition. If this inference is correct, control of bacterial vaginosis could reduce HIV-1 transmission.

David A Eschenbach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effects of oral contraceptive pill use on Vaginal Flora and Vaginal epithelium
    Contraception, 2000
    Co-Authors: David A Eschenbach, Dorothy L Patton, Amalia Meier, Soe Soe Thwin, Jan Aura, Ann E Stapleton, Thomas M Hooton
    Abstract:

    Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the effect of oral contraceptive (OC) use on Vaginal discharge, epithelium, and Flora. Thirty women who planned to use OC for contraception were evaluated before and 2 months after the start of OC use. At both visits, genital symptoms and exposures were assessed by questionnaire; Vaginal signs were assessed by speculum examination and colposcopy; Vaginal microFlora was evaluated by quantitative culture; and a Vaginal biopsy was obtained for histopathologic evaluation. Variables were compared between the initial visit and after 2 months of OC use. It was found that OC use did not change the gross, colposcopic, or histologic appearance of the Vaginal epithelium or characteristics of Vaginal or cervical discharge. Vaginal Flora essentially remained unchanged after 2 months of OC use, except that a small decrease occurred in the number of subjects with ≥10 5 colony forming units/mL of H 2 O 2 producing Lactobacillus from 16 at baseline to 9 (p = 0.04) and in the total number of subjects with Ureaplasma urealyticum from 17 at baseline to 10 of 29 (p = 0.04). The results indicate minimal effect of OC use on the Vaginal epithelium and Vaginal and cervical discharge, and a small effect on Vaginal Flora.

  • Original research article Effects of oral contraceptive pill use on Vaginal Flora and Vaginal epithelium
    2000
    Co-Authors: David A Eschenbach, Dorothy L Patton, Amalia Meier, Soe Soe Thwin, Jan Aura, Ann E Stapleton, Thomas M Hooton
    Abstract:

    The objective of this study was to examine the effect of oral contraceptive (OC) use on Vaginal discharge, epithelium, and Flora. Thirty women who planned to use OC for contraception were evaluated before and 2 months after the start of OC use. At both visits, genital symptoms and exposures were assessed by questionnaire; Vaginal signs were assessed by speculum examination and colposcopy; Vaginal microFlora was evaluated by quantitative culture; and a Vaginal biopsy was obtained for histopathologic evaluation. Variables were compared between the initial visit and after 2 months of OC use. It was found that OC use did not change the gross, colposcopic, or histologic appearance of the Vaginal epithelium or characteristics of Vaginal or cervical discharge. Vaginal Flora essentially remained unchanged after 2 months of OC use, except that a small decrease occurred in the number of subjects with $10 5 colony forming units/mL of H2O2 producing Lactobacillus from 16 at baseline to 9 (p 5 0.04) and in the total number of subjects with Ureaplasma urealyticumfrom 17 at baseline to 10 of 29 (p 5 0.04). The results indicate minimal effect of OC use on the Vaginal epithelium and Vaginal and cervical discharge, and a small effect on Vaginal Flora. © 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

  • the normal Vaginal Flora h2o2 producing lactobacilli and bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women
    Clinical Infectious Diseases, 1993
    Co-Authors: Sharon L Hillier, Marijane A. Krohn, Lorna K Rabe, Seymour J Klebanoff, David A Eschenbach
    Abstract:

    In this study of the Vaginal Flora of 171 pregnant women in labor at term, the Flora was categorized as normal (Lactobacillus predominant), intermediate, or representative of bacterial vaginosis (BV) on the basis of a Vaginal smear. BV was diagnosed in 39 women (23%); the Vaginal Flora was classified as normal in 50% of cases and as intermediate in 27%. H 2 O 2 -producing lactobacilli were recovered from 5% of women with BV, 37% of those with an intermediate Flora, and 61 % of those with a normal Flora. H 2 O 2 -negative lactobacilli were equally frequent (57%-65%) in all three groups

  • The normal Vaginal Flora, H2O2-producing lactobacilli, and bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 1993
    Co-Authors: S L Hillier, Seymour J Klebanoff, M A Krohn, L K Rabe, David A Eschenbach
    Abstract:

    In this study of the Vaginal Flora of 171 pregnant women in labor at term, the Flora was categorized as normal (Lactobacillus predominant), intermediate, or representative of bacterial vaginosis (BV) on the basis of a Vaginal smear. BV was diagnosed in 39 women (23%); the Vaginal Flora was classified as normal in 50% of cases and as intermediate in 27%. H2O2-producing lactobacilli were recovered from 5% of women with BV, 37% of those with an intermediate Flora, and 61% of those with a normal Flora. H2O2-negative lactobacilli were equally frequent (57%-65%) in all three groups. The microorganisms most frequently recovered from women with BV included Gardnerella Vaginalis, Prevotella bivia/disiens, Bacteroides ureolyticus, Prevotella corporis/Bacteroides levii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Mobiluncus species, Peptostreptococcus prevotii, Peptostreptococcus tetradius, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, viridans streptococci, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Mycoplasma hominis (P < .05 for each). The presence of all but three of these organisms was inversely related to Vaginal colonization by H2O2-producing lactobacilli; the exceptions were B. ureolyticus, F. nucleatum, and P. prevotii. Other microorganisms were equally frequent among women with and without BV. We conclude that specific groups of anaerobes are associated with BV in this population and that a strong association exists between species associated with BV and those inhibited by H2O2-producing lactobacilli.

Gilbert G G Donders - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • chlamydial infection in a high risk population association with Vaginal Flora patterns
    Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2012
    Co-Authors: Camila Marconi, Gilbert G G Donders, Andrea R Tristao, Laura Fernandes Martin, Bruna Ribeiro De Andrade Ramos, Marli Terezinha Cassamassimo Duarte, Cristina Maria Garcia De Lima Parada, Marcia Guimaraes Da Silva
    Abstract:

    Purpose This study aimed to determine the frequency of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection among high risk Brazilian women and evaluate its association with Vaginal Flora patterns.

  • Vaginal Flora changes on pap smears after insertion of levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine device
    Contraception, 2011
    Co-Authors: Gilbert G G Donders, Judith Berger, Helene Heuninckx, Gert Bellen, Ann Cornelis
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background The levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) combines a uterine foreign body and the continuous release of low-dose levonorgestrel for contraception. Its influence on the rate of vulvoVaginal infections and Flora disturbance is insufficiently known, but important for contraceptive advice in women, especially those who develop recurrent vaginosis or Candida vulvovaginitis. Study Design Slides of 286 women who had a Pap smear taken before and 1 to 2 years after placement of a LNG-IUS were blindly reviewed for the presence of abnormal Vaginal Flora (AVF), bacterial vaginosis (BV), aerobic vaginitis (AV) and Candida vaginitis (CV). Results Prior to insertion, there were no differences in Vaginal Flora abnormalities between women using different kinds of contraception. LNG-IUS users did not have different rates of AVF, BV, AV or CV, but the general risk to develop any infection was increased. Uterine bleeding after insertion did not seem to predict a different Flora type. Conclusion We found that Pap smears suggested more Vaginal infections after 1 year of LNG-IUS use than prior to insertion of the device.

  • definition and classification of abnormal Vaginal Flora
    Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Gilbert G G Donders
    Abstract:

    Studying the Vaginal microFlora is not only fascinating, with many discoveries to be made, it is also a very practical way to help women get rid of bothersome and sometimes dangerous infections. Gram-stained Vaginal preparations, Pap smears, specific cultures, and nucleic acid detection techniques can be used to diagnose the constituents of the Vaginal Flora, but in trained hands office-based microscopy of a fresh Vaginal smear, preferably using a ×400 magnification phase-contrast microscope, allows almost every diagnosis and combination of diagnoses imaginable. In this chapter I will address the pros and cons of the tools that are in use to study Vaginal Flora, and discuss the different types of bacterial Flora and the difficulties encountered in reaching the correct diagnosis of pathological conditions. The ‘intermediate Flora' is addressed separately, and a new entity – ‘aerobic vaginitis' – is discussed. Future research should focus on the interaction between infecting microorganisms and host defence mechanisms, as both together generate the pathogenicity of these conditions.

Camila Marconi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • cervicoVaginal cytokines sialidase activity and bacterial load in reproductive aged women with intermediate Vaginal Flora
    Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Mariana Morena De Vieira Santosgreatti, Marcia Guimaraes Da Silva, Camila Marconi, Carolina Sanita Tafner Ferreira
    Abstract:

    Abstract Studies have shown that not only bacterial vaginosis, but also intermediate Vaginal Flora has deleterious effects for women's reproductive health. However, literature still lacks information about microbiological and immunological aspects of intermediate Flora. Objective: To characterize intermediate Flora regarding levels of Interleukin (IL)–1beta, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-10, sialidase; loads of Gardnerella Vaginalis , total bacteria and to verify whether it is closer related to normal Flora or bacterial vaginosis. This cross-sectional study enrolled 526 non-pregnant reproductive-aged women distributed in 3 groups according to pattern of Vaginal Flora using Nugent's system in normal, intermediate and bacterial vaginosis. CervicoVaginal levels of cytokines, sialidases, loads of G. Vaginalis and total bacteria were assessed by ELISA, conversion of MUAN and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively. A principal component analysis(PCA) using all measured parameters was performed to compare the three different types of Flora. Results showed that intermediate Flora is associated with increased cervicoVaginal IL-1beta in relation to normal Flora(P G. Vaginalis and total bacterial differed among all groups(P

  • chlamydial infection in a high risk population association with Vaginal Flora patterns
    Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2012
    Co-Authors: Camila Marconi, Gilbert G G Donders, Andrea R Tristao, Laura Fernandes Martin, Bruna Ribeiro De Andrade Ramos, Marli Terezinha Cassamassimo Duarte, Cristina Maria Garcia De Lima Parada, Marcia Guimaraes Da Silva
    Abstract:

    Purpose This study aimed to determine the frequency of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection among high risk Brazilian women and evaluate its association with Vaginal Flora patterns.

  • group b streptococci colonization in pregnant women risk factors and evaluation of the Vaginal Flora
    Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2011
    Co-Authors: Talita Trevizani Rocchetti, Camila Marconi, Vera Lucia Mores Rall, Vera Therezinha Medeiros Borges, Jose Eduardo Corrente, Marcia Da Silva
    Abstract:

    Objective To determine the prevalence of group B streptococci (GBS) in our population, and to assess the association between risk factors and Vaginal Flora with maternal rectoVaginal colonization.

Lorna K Rabe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • race ethnicity Vaginal Flora patterns and ph during pregnancy
    Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 1999
    Co-Authors: Rachel A Royce, Sharon L Hillier, Tracy P Jackson, John M Thorp, Lorna K Rabe, Lisa M Pastore, David A Savitz
    Abstract:

    Objectives:To investigate the relationship between bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy and black race/ethnicity.Study Design:Gram staining was used to evaluate Vaginal Flora in 842 women at 24 to 29 weeks' gestation.Results:Overall, 22.3% of blacks and 8.5% of whites had bacterial vaginosis. Vagina

  • Race/ethnicity, Vaginal Flora patterns, and pH during pregnancy.
    Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 1999
    Co-Authors: Rachel A Royce, Sharon L Hillier, Tracy P Jackson, John M Thorp, Lorna K Rabe, Lisa M Pastore, David A Savitz
    Abstract:

    Objectives:To investigate the relationship between bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy and black race/ethnicity.Study Design:Gram staining was used to evaluate Vaginal Flora in 842 women at 24 to 29 weeks' gestation.Results:Overall, 22.3% of blacks and 8.5% of whites had bacterial vaginosis. Vagina

  • the normal Vaginal Flora h2o2 producing lactobacilli and bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women
    Clinical Infectious Diseases, 1993
    Co-Authors: Sharon L Hillier, Marijane A. Krohn, Lorna K Rabe, Seymour J Klebanoff, David A Eschenbach
    Abstract:

    In this study of the Vaginal Flora of 171 pregnant women in labor at term, the Flora was categorized as normal (Lactobacillus predominant), intermediate, or representative of bacterial vaginosis (BV) on the basis of a Vaginal smear. BV was diagnosed in 39 women (23%); the Vaginal Flora was classified as normal in 50% of cases and as intermediate in 27%. H 2 O 2 -producing lactobacilli were recovered from 5% of women with BV, 37% of those with an intermediate Flora, and 61 % of those with a normal Flora. H 2 O 2 -negative lactobacilli were equally frequent (57%-65%) in all three groups

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