The Experts below are selected from a list of 258 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Francesco Osculati - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neurochemistry of the Gustatory Subgemmal Plexus
Chemical senses, 2004Co-Authors: Caterina Crescimanno, Paolo Bernardi, Flavia Merigo, Francesco Osculati, Andrea SbarbatiAbstract:Nerve fibers present in the basal plexus of the Vallate Papilla of the rat tongue were analyzed using cytochemical, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural methods to investigate whether the subgemmal plexus is subdivided into neurochemical compartments and to provide a clear definition of the reciprocal spatial relationships between nitrergic, peptidergic and acetylesterase positive structures. Several neuronal fibers were detected under the chemoreceptorial epithelium. Some of these fibers were in contact with the taste buds and in some cases neuronal projections were also present between the buds or inside them; some others fibers were present below this layer but in a more peripheral area. Antibodies against CGRP, SP and CCK stained fibers just below the chemoreceptorial epithelium, whereas fibers more distally located were immunolabeled by anti VIP, NOS-1 and NF-200 antibodies. Some double staining experiments were conducted using confocal microscopy. Other sections were processed cytochemically for AChE and subsequently for NADPH-d in colocalization experiments. All the data obtained using these techniques confirmed the results obtained with single immunostaining, as did the ultrastructural results. In conclusion, the present work demonstrates that the subgemmal plexus is a bilayered structure, suggesting that the complex relationship between the two layers plays a pivotal role in taste and in the control of processes ancillary to taste, such as control of vascular or secretory mechanisms.
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ganglion cells and topographically related nerves in the Vallate Papilla von ebner gland complex
Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 2002Co-Authors: Andrea Sbarbati, Flavia Merigo, Paolo Bernardi, Caterina Crescimanno, Donatella Benati, Francesco OsculatiAbstract:SUMMARY Ganglion cells and topographically related nerves in the Vallate Papilla/von Ebner gland complex were investigated in rat tongue by cytochemical, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural methods to evaluate the possible presence of different neuronal subpopulations. Immunostaining for neurofilaments and protein gene product 9.5 revealed ganglionic cell bodies and nerve fibers. A large part of the neurons were positive at immunostaining for neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS), vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). A small subset of nerve fibers revealed immunoreactivity for cholecystokinin. Axons traveling under the lingual epithelium were evidenced by their content of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or substance P (SP). Cell bodies positive for SP or CGRP were not detected. Using methods of co-localization, three different neuronal classes were detected. The main population was composed of AChE/NADPH-diaphorase (NADPHd)-positive cells. Small groups of acetylcholine esterase (AChE)-positive/NADPHd-negative cells were visible. Isolated neurons were AChE-negative/ NADPHd-positive. The results of co-localization experiments for VAChT/NOS were consistent with those obtained by cytochemical co-localization of AChE and NADPHd. Experiments of co-localization for peptidergic and nitrergic structures revealed CGRP- and SP-immunoreactive fibers in the Vallate Papilla/von Ebner gland ganglion. In conclusion, the results demonstrated in the VP/VEG complex peptidergic, cholinergic, and nitrergic neurons. The presence of different neuronal subclasses suggests that a certain degree of functional
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Ganglion cells and topographically related nerves in the Vallate Papilla/ von Ebner gland complex
The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society, 2002Co-Authors: Andrea Sbarbati, Flavia Merigo, Paolo Bernardi, Caterina Crescimanno, Donatella Benati, Francesco OsculatiAbstract:Ganglion cells and topographically related nerves in the Vallate Papilla/von Ebner gland complex were investigated in rat tongue by cytochemical, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural methods to evaluate the possible presence of different neuronal subpopulations. Immunostaining for neurofilaments and protein gene product 9.5 revealed ganglionic cell bodies and nerve fibers. A large part of the neurons were positive at immunostaining for neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS), vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). A small subset of nerve fibers revealed immunoreactivity for cholecystokinin. Axons traveling under the lingual epithelium were evidenced by their content of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or substance P (SP). Cell bodies positive for SP or CGRP were not detected. Using methods of co-localization, three different neuronal classes were detected. The main population was composed of AChE/NADPH-diaphorase (NADPHd)-positive cells. Small groups of acetylcholine esterase (AChE)-positive/NADPHd-negative cells were visible. Isolated neurons were AChE-negative/NADPHd-positive. The results of co-localization experiments for VAChT/NOS were consistent with those obtained by cytochemical co-localization of AChE and NADPHd. Experiments of co-localization for peptidergic and nitrergic structures revealed CGRP- and SP-immunoreactive fibers in the Vallate Papilla/von Ebner gland ganglion. In conclusion, the results demonstrated in the VP/VEG complex peptidergic, cholinergic, and nitrergic neurons. The presence of different neuronal subclasses suggests that a certain degree of functional specialization may exist.
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α-Gustducin-immunoreactive Solitary Chemosensory Cells in the Developing Chemoreceptorial Epithelium of the Rat Vallate Papilla
Chemical senses, 1999Co-Authors: Andrea Sbarbati, Paolo Bernardi, Caterina Crescimanno, Francesco OsculatiAbstract:The presence of solitary chemosensory cells was studied in rat Vallate Papillae during the first week of post-natal life by α-gustducin immunocytochemistry. In 1- to 3-day-old rats, isolated α-gustducin-immunoreactive cells were found within the epithelium of the Vallate Papilla. These cells, mainly located in the basal layer, were scattered among keratocytes and wrapped in α-gustducin-negative epithelial cells in a glia-like fashion. The α-gustducin-immunoreactive cells were usually round and some of them gave rise to short, large processes directed towards the lumen of the oral cavity or the basal lamina. Rarely, some cells showed an evident bipolar shape. Small taste buds containing either α-gustducin-immunoreactive or α-gustducin-negative cells appeared in the Vallate Papillae of 4-day-old rats in which isolated, bipolar-shaped α-gustducin-immunoreactive cells were also found. After the first week of post-natal life, the taste buds appeared basically similar to those of adult animals. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the presence of epithelial cells with characteristics of solitary chemosensory cells precedes the development of the taste buds.
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nadph diaphorase and nos 1 positive ganglion cells are found in the rat Vallate Papilla von ebner gland complex
Histochemical Journal, 1999Co-Authors: Andrea Sbarbati, Paolo Bernardi, Caterina Crescimanno, De Rossi, Francesco OsculatiAbstract:The nervous system of the vallata Papilla and von Ebner glands was investigated in the rat tongue. Cells involved in the production of nitric oxide were identified by immunohistochemical detection of neuronal nitric oxide synthase type-1 and by cytochemical detection of NADPH-diaphorase. The analysis of serial sections showed that a ganglion composed of about 180–190 neuronal cells was present between the vallata Papilla and von Ebner glands. These cells were positive for nitric oxide synthase type-1 and NADPH-diaphorase. From the ganglion, we observed nitrergic fibres running: (a) in the lamina propria of the receptor-free mucosa; (b) just below the gustatory epithelium; (c) in the von Ebner glands; and (d) around the vascular system of the vallata Papilla. Our study suggests that the nitrergic ganglion cells may mediate interactions between chemoreceptorial systems in the vallata Papilla and secretory cells in the von Ebner glands and that nitric oxide could be involved in the regulation of the blood supply to the vallata Papilla and in the regulation of the von Ebner glands.
Andrea Sbarbati - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neurochemistry of the Gustatory Subgemmal Plexus
Chemical senses, 2004Co-Authors: Caterina Crescimanno, Paolo Bernardi, Flavia Merigo, Francesco Osculati, Andrea SbarbatiAbstract:Nerve fibers present in the basal plexus of the Vallate Papilla of the rat tongue were analyzed using cytochemical, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural methods to investigate whether the subgemmal plexus is subdivided into neurochemical compartments and to provide a clear definition of the reciprocal spatial relationships between nitrergic, peptidergic and acetylesterase positive structures. Several neuronal fibers were detected under the chemoreceptorial epithelium. Some of these fibers were in contact with the taste buds and in some cases neuronal projections were also present between the buds or inside them; some others fibers were present below this layer but in a more peripheral area. Antibodies against CGRP, SP and CCK stained fibers just below the chemoreceptorial epithelium, whereas fibers more distally located were immunolabeled by anti VIP, NOS-1 and NF-200 antibodies. Some double staining experiments were conducted using confocal microscopy. Other sections were processed cytochemically for AChE and subsequently for NADPH-d in colocalization experiments. All the data obtained using these techniques confirmed the results obtained with single immunostaining, as did the ultrastructural results. In conclusion, the present work demonstrates that the subgemmal plexus is a bilayered structure, suggesting that the complex relationship between the two layers plays a pivotal role in taste and in the control of processes ancillary to taste, such as control of vascular or secretory mechanisms.
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ganglion cells and topographically related nerves in the Vallate Papilla von ebner gland complex
Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 2002Co-Authors: Andrea Sbarbati, Flavia Merigo, Paolo Bernardi, Caterina Crescimanno, Donatella Benati, Francesco OsculatiAbstract:SUMMARY Ganglion cells and topographically related nerves in the Vallate Papilla/von Ebner gland complex were investigated in rat tongue by cytochemical, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural methods to evaluate the possible presence of different neuronal subpopulations. Immunostaining for neurofilaments and protein gene product 9.5 revealed ganglionic cell bodies and nerve fibers. A large part of the neurons were positive at immunostaining for neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS), vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). A small subset of nerve fibers revealed immunoreactivity for cholecystokinin. Axons traveling under the lingual epithelium were evidenced by their content of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or substance P (SP). Cell bodies positive for SP or CGRP were not detected. Using methods of co-localization, three different neuronal classes were detected. The main population was composed of AChE/NADPH-diaphorase (NADPHd)-positive cells. Small groups of acetylcholine esterase (AChE)-positive/NADPHd-negative cells were visible. Isolated neurons were AChE-negative/ NADPHd-positive. The results of co-localization experiments for VAChT/NOS were consistent with those obtained by cytochemical co-localization of AChE and NADPHd. Experiments of co-localization for peptidergic and nitrergic structures revealed CGRP- and SP-immunoreactive fibers in the Vallate Papilla/von Ebner gland ganglion. In conclusion, the results demonstrated in the VP/VEG complex peptidergic, cholinergic, and nitrergic neurons. The presence of different neuronal subclasses suggests that a certain degree of functional
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Ganglion cells and topographically related nerves in the Vallate Papilla/ von Ebner gland complex
The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society, 2002Co-Authors: Andrea Sbarbati, Flavia Merigo, Paolo Bernardi, Caterina Crescimanno, Donatella Benati, Francesco OsculatiAbstract:Ganglion cells and topographically related nerves in the Vallate Papilla/von Ebner gland complex were investigated in rat tongue by cytochemical, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural methods to evaluate the possible presence of different neuronal subpopulations. Immunostaining for neurofilaments and protein gene product 9.5 revealed ganglionic cell bodies and nerve fibers. A large part of the neurons were positive at immunostaining for neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS), vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). A small subset of nerve fibers revealed immunoreactivity for cholecystokinin. Axons traveling under the lingual epithelium were evidenced by their content of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or substance P (SP). Cell bodies positive for SP or CGRP were not detected. Using methods of co-localization, three different neuronal classes were detected. The main population was composed of AChE/NADPH-diaphorase (NADPHd)-positive cells. Small groups of acetylcholine esterase (AChE)-positive/NADPHd-negative cells were visible. Isolated neurons were AChE-negative/NADPHd-positive. The results of co-localization experiments for VAChT/NOS were consistent with those obtained by cytochemical co-localization of AChE and NADPHd. Experiments of co-localization for peptidergic and nitrergic structures revealed CGRP- and SP-immunoreactive fibers in the Vallate Papilla/von Ebner gland ganglion. In conclusion, the results demonstrated in the VP/VEG complex peptidergic, cholinergic, and nitrergic neurons. The presence of different neuronal subclasses suggests that a certain degree of functional specialization may exist.
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α-Gustducin-immunoreactive Solitary Chemosensory Cells in the Developing Chemoreceptorial Epithelium of the Rat Vallate Papilla
Chemical senses, 1999Co-Authors: Andrea Sbarbati, Paolo Bernardi, Caterina Crescimanno, Francesco OsculatiAbstract:The presence of solitary chemosensory cells was studied in rat Vallate Papillae during the first week of post-natal life by α-gustducin immunocytochemistry. In 1- to 3-day-old rats, isolated α-gustducin-immunoreactive cells were found within the epithelium of the Vallate Papilla. These cells, mainly located in the basal layer, were scattered among keratocytes and wrapped in α-gustducin-negative epithelial cells in a glia-like fashion. The α-gustducin-immunoreactive cells were usually round and some of them gave rise to short, large processes directed towards the lumen of the oral cavity or the basal lamina. Rarely, some cells showed an evident bipolar shape. Small taste buds containing either α-gustducin-immunoreactive or α-gustducin-negative cells appeared in the Vallate Papillae of 4-day-old rats in which isolated, bipolar-shaped α-gustducin-immunoreactive cells were also found. After the first week of post-natal life, the taste buds appeared basically similar to those of adult animals. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the presence of epithelial cells with characteristics of solitary chemosensory cells precedes the development of the taste buds.
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nadph diaphorase and nos 1 positive ganglion cells are found in the rat Vallate Papilla von ebner gland complex
Histochemical Journal, 1999Co-Authors: Andrea Sbarbati, Paolo Bernardi, Caterina Crescimanno, De Rossi, Francesco OsculatiAbstract:The nervous system of the vallata Papilla and von Ebner glands was investigated in the rat tongue. Cells involved in the production of nitric oxide were identified by immunohistochemical detection of neuronal nitric oxide synthase type-1 and by cytochemical detection of NADPH-diaphorase. The analysis of serial sections showed that a ganglion composed of about 180–190 neuronal cells was present between the vallata Papilla and von Ebner glands. These cells were positive for nitric oxide synthase type-1 and NADPH-diaphorase. From the ganglion, we observed nitrergic fibres running: (a) in the lamina propria of the receptor-free mucosa; (b) just below the gustatory epithelium; (c) in the von Ebner glands; and (d) around the vascular system of the vallata Papilla. Our study suggests that the nitrergic ganglion cells may mediate interactions between chemoreceptorial systems in the vallata Papilla and secretory cells in the von Ebner glands and that nitric oxide could be involved in the regulation of the blood supply to the vallata Papilla and in the regulation of the von Ebner glands.
Bruce Oakley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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C: Keratins as markers of differentiated taste cells of the rat. Differentiation 1995, 58:341–349. doi:10.1186/1749-8104-9-21 Cite this article as: Koudelka et al.: Genetic dissection of TrkB activated signalling pathways required for specific aspect
2016Co-Authors: Anne Lawton, Lianna Wong, Bruce Oakley, Chunxiao ZhangAbstract:Abstract. Cytokeratins in taste buds were immunocyto-chemically evaluated with monoclonal antibodies. In each of six different epithelial sites in the rat oral cavity, intragemmal cells of taste buds were immunoreactive for keratin polypeptides 8, 18, and 19, as well as for keratin 7, which has not been previously reported in taste buds. Keratin- 18-like immunoreactivity was present in fewer than half of the intragemmal cells, whereas all intragem-ma1 cells were immunopositive for keratins 7, 8, and 19. Apart from some salivary duct cells, no other cells in the tongue were immunoreactive for any of these four kera-tins. Morphological and immunocytochemical profiles indicate that taste buds are islets of simple epithelium embedded in an expanse of stratified squamous epitheli-um. These simple epithelial cells and their keratins are nerve-dependent, since denervatiorf eliminated all four keratins and replaced elongated taste cells of the Vallate Papilla with stratified squamous epithelium. We con-clude that antibodies against keratins 7, 8, or 19 are use-ful markers for intragemmal cells in studies of taste bud development, degeneration, regeneration, turnover and tissue culture
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Gustatory innervation and bax‐dependent Caspase‐2: Participants in the life and death pathways of mouse taste receptor cells
The Journal of comparative neurology, 2000Co-Authors: Qun Zeng, Alice Kwan, Bruce OakleyAbstract:In the adult mouse tongue, an average of 11% of the gustatory receptor cells are replaced each day. In investigating homeostatic cell death mechanisms in gustatory renewing epithelium, we observed that taste receptor cells were selectively immunopositive for the bcl-2 family death factor, Bax, and for the protease Caspase-2 (Nedd2/Ich1). We determined that 8-10% of the taste receptor cells of the Vallate Papilla were Bax positive and that 11% were Caspase-2 positive. Some of these immunopositive taste cells had apoptotic morphological defects. Within the subset of Vallate taste cells immunopositive for either Caspase-2 or Bax, up to 79% coexpressed both death factors. Bax and Caspase-2 first appeared in occasional Vallate taste receptor cells on the same postnatal day-the day after birth. bax null mutation markedly reduced gustatory Caspase-2 immunoexpression. These observations suggest that taste cell death pathways utilize p53, Bax, and Caspase-2 to dispose of aged receptor cells. Apart from reducing Caspase-2 expression, Bax deficiency also altered taste organ development. bax(-/-) mice had a more profusely innervated Vallate Papilla, which grew to be 25% longer and taller, with the mean taste bud containing more than twice the normal number of taste cells. This augmentation of taste organ development with increased innervation is complementary to the well-documented reduction in taste organ development with sparse innervation. We propose that additional taste neurons survived programmed cell death in Bax-deficient mice, thereby providing an inductive boost to Vallate gustatory development.
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p53 and Bax: Putative death factors in taste cell turnover
The Journal of comparative neurology, 1999Co-Authors: Qun Zeng, Bruce OakleyAbstract:The turnover of cells in renewing epithelia presents an opportunity to examine cell death pathways in adult vertebrates. In mouse lingual epithelium a typical taste receptor cell survives for 9 days, until it is killed by an unknown cascade of death factors. Apoptosis was implicated by the presence of fragmented DNA in about 8% of taste receptor cells in the Vallate Papilla. In using immunocytochemistry to seek putative death factors, we observed that squamous epithelial cells of the tongue were negative for Bax, a death factor in the Bcl-2 family of survival/death factors, and were also negative for p53, a tumor-suppressor protein linked to apoptosis and Bax transcription. In contrast, 8-10% of the taste receptor cells were Bax-positive, and 9-11% were p53 positive. These immunopositive taste receptor cells were more likely to display death-related morphologic defects than other receptor cells, and they frequently coexpressed p53 and Bax. In both neonatal and adult mice, the labeling of dividing cells with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine indicated that all Bax-positive taste cells were at least 5 days old. On postnatal day 7, when few taste cells were old, no more than 1% of taste cells were immunopositive for either p53 or Bax. We inferred that old taste receptor cells employ p53 and Bax as part of their apoptotic death pathway. The routine expression of p53 by postmitotic, aged taste cells broadens the conventional view that p53 is restricted to mitotic cells that have stress-damaged DNA. Furthermore, the scattered distribution of aged receptor cells within the taste bud excludes some explanations for stable taste signals during receptor cell turnover.
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The morphogenesis of mouse Vallate gustatory epithelium and taste buds requires BDNF-dependent taste neurons
Brain research. Developmental brain research, 1998Co-Authors: Bruce Oakley, Anne Lawton, Adam Brandemihl, David Lau, Dylan Cooper, Chunxiao ZhangAbstract:The developmental absence of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in null mutant mice caused three interrelated defects in the Vallate gustatory Papilla: sparse innervation, a reduction in the area of the gustatory epithelium, and fewer taste buds. On postnatal day 7, the stunted Vallate Papilla of bdnf null mutant mice was 30% narrower, the trench walls 35% reduced in area, and the taste buds 75% less abundant compared with wild-type controls. Quantitative assessment of innervation density was carried out to determine if the small trench walls and shortage of taste buds could be secondary consequences of the depletion of gustatory neurons. The diminished gustatory innervation was linearly associated with a reduced trench wall area (r=+0.94) and fewer taste buds (r=+0.96). Residual taste buds were smaller than normal and were innervated by a few surviving taste neurons. We conclude that BDNF-dependent taste neurons contribute to the morphogenesis of lingual gustatory epithelia and are necessary for both prenatal and postnatal mammalian taste bud formation. The gustatory system provides a conspicuous example of impaired sense organ morphogenesis that is secondary to sensory neuron depletion by neurotrophin gene null mutation.
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BDNF is required for the normal development of taste neurons in vivo
Neuroreport, 1997Co-Authors: Chunxiao Zhang, Anne Lawton, Adam Brandemihl, David Lau, Bruce OakleyAbstract:The Vallate gustatory epithelium of neonatal trkB null mutant mice (-/-) lacked innervation. This prompted the evaluation of null mutant mice corresponding to the three neurotrophin ligands for tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB): brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin (NT)3, NT4. The Vallate gustatory epithelium of nt3-/- mice and of nt4-/- mice appeared normal. Only bdnf-/- mice had a Vallate Papilla that was stunted, sparsely innervated, and lacked up to 98% of its taste buds. All three defects persisted. For example, the Vallate Papilla of 12-day-old bdnf-/- mice remained markedly less well innervated than the Vallate of 7-day-old or newborn bdnf+/+ mice. The foliate taste Papillae of neonatal bdnf-/- mice had similar defects. We conclude that the normal development of taste neurons requires BDNF.
Caterina Crescimanno - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neurochemistry of the Gustatory Subgemmal Plexus
Chemical senses, 2004Co-Authors: Caterina Crescimanno, Paolo Bernardi, Flavia Merigo, Francesco Osculati, Andrea SbarbatiAbstract:Nerve fibers present in the basal plexus of the Vallate Papilla of the rat tongue were analyzed using cytochemical, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural methods to investigate whether the subgemmal plexus is subdivided into neurochemical compartments and to provide a clear definition of the reciprocal spatial relationships between nitrergic, peptidergic and acetylesterase positive structures. Several neuronal fibers were detected under the chemoreceptorial epithelium. Some of these fibers were in contact with the taste buds and in some cases neuronal projections were also present between the buds or inside them; some others fibers were present below this layer but in a more peripheral area. Antibodies against CGRP, SP and CCK stained fibers just below the chemoreceptorial epithelium, whereas fibers more distally located were immunolabeled by anti VIP, NOS-1 and NF-200 antibodies. Some double staining experiments were conducted using confocal microscopy. Other sections were processed cytochemically for AChE and subsequently for NADPH-d in colocalization experiments. All the data obtained using these techniques confirmed the results obtained with single immunostaining, as did the ultrastructural results. In conclusion, the present work demonstrates that the subgemmal plexus is a bilayered structure, suggesting that the complex relationship between the two layers plays a pivotal role in taste and in the control of processes ancillary to taste, such as control of vascular or secretory mechanisms.
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ganglion cells and topographically related nerves in the Vallate Papilla von ebner gland complex
Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 2002Co-Authors: Andrea Sbarbati, Flavia Merigo, Paolo Bernardi, Caterina Crescimanno, Donatella Benati, Francesco OsculatiAbstract:SUMMARY Ganglion cells and topographically related nerves in the Vallate Papilla/von Ebner gland complex were investigated in rat tongue by cytochemical, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural methods to evaluate the possible presence of different neuronal subpopulations. Immunostaining for neurofilaments and protein gene product 9.5 revealed ganglionic cell bodies and nerve fibers. A large part of the neurons were positive at immunostaining for neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS), vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). A small subset of nerve fibers revealed immunoreactivity for cholecystokinin. Axons traveling under the lingual epithelium were evidenced by their content of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or substance P (SP). Cell bodies positive for SP or CGRP were not detected. Using methods of co-localization, three different neuronal classes were detected. The main population was composed of AChE/NADPH-diaphorase (NADPHd)-positive cells. Small groups of acetylcholine esterase (AChE)-positive/NADPHd-negative cells were visible. Isolated neurons were AChE-negative/ NADPHd-positive. The results of co-localization experiments for VAChT/NOS were consistent with those obtained by cytochemical co-localization of AChE and NADPHd. Experiments of co-localization for peptidergic and nitrergic structures revealed CGRP- and SP-immunoreactive fibers in the Vallate Papilla/von Ebner gland ganglion. In conclusion, the results demonstrated in the VP/VEG complex peptidergic, cholinergic, and nitrergic neurons. The presence of different neuronal subclasses suggests that a certain degree of functional
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Ganglion cells and topographically related nerves in the Vallate Papilla/ von Ebner gland complex
The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society, 2002Co-Authors: Andrea Sbarbati, Flavia Merigo, Paolo Bernardi, Caterina Crescimanno, Donatella Benati, Francesco OsculatiAbstract:Ganglion cells and topographically related nerves in the Vallate Papilla/von Ebner gland complex were investigated in rat tongue by cytochemical, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural methods to evaluate the possible presence of different neuronal subpopulations. Immunostaining for neurofilaments and protein gene product 9.5 revealed ganglionic cell bodies and nerve fibers. A large part of the neurons were positive at immunostaining for neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS), vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). A small subset of nerve fibers revealed immunoreactivity for cholecystokinin. Axons traveling under the lingual epithelium were evidenced by their content of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or substance P (SP). Cell bodies positive for SP or CGRP were not detected. Using methods of co-localization, three different neuronal classes were detected. The main population was composed of AChE/NADPH-diaphorase (NADPHd)-positive cells. Small groups of acetylcholine esterase (AChE)-positive/NADPHd-negative cells were visible. Isolated neurons were AChE-negative/NADPHd-positive. The results of co-localization experiments for VAChT/NOS were consistent with those obtained by cytochemical co-localization of AChE and NADPHd. Experiments of co-localization for peptidergic and nitrergic structures revealed CGRP- and SP-immunoreactive fibers in the Vallate Papilla/von Ebner gland ganglion. In conclusion, the results demonstrated in the VP/VEG complex peptidergic, cholinergic, and nitrergic neurons. The presence of different neuronal subclasses suggests that a certain degree of functional specialization may exist.
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α-Gustducin-immunoreactive Solitary Chemosensory Cells in the Developing Chemoreceptorial Epithelium of the Rat Vallate Papilla
Chemical senses, 1999Co-Authors: Andrea Sbarbati, Paolo Bernardi, Caterina Crescimanno, Francesco OsculatiAbstract:The presence of solitary chemosensory cells was studied in rat Vallate Papillae during the first week of post-natal life by α-gustducin immunocytochemistry. In 1- to 3-day-old rats, isolated α-gustducin-immunoreactive cells were found within the epithelium of the Vallate Papilla. These cells, mainly located in the basal layer, were scattered among keratocytes and wrapped in α-gustducin-negative epithelial cells in a glia-like fashion. The α-gustducin-immunoreactive cells were usually round and some of them gave rise to short, large processes directed towards the lumen of the oral cavity or the basal lamina. Rarely, some cells showed an evident bipolar shape. Small taste buds containing either α-gustducin-immunoreactive or α-gustducin-negative cells appeared in the Vallate Papillae of 4-day-old rats in which isolated, bipolar-shaped α-gustducin-immunoreactive cells were also found. After the first week of post-natal life, the taste buds appeared basically similar to those of adult animals. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the presence of epithelial cells with characteristics of solitary chemosensory cells precedes the development of the taste buds.
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nadph diaphorase and nos 1 positive ganglion cells are found in the rat Vallate Papilla von ebner gland complex
Histochemical Journal, 1999Co-Authors: Andrea Sbarbati, Paolo Bernardi, Caterina Crescimanno, De Rossi, Francesco OsculatiAbstract:The nervous system of the vallata Papilla and von Ebner glands was investigated in the rat tongue. Cells involved in the production of nitric oxide were identified by immunohistochemical detection of neuronal nitric oxide synthase type-1 and by cytochemical detection of NADPH-diaphorase. The analysis of serial sections showed that a ganglion composed of about 180–190 neuronal cells was present between the vallata Papilla and von Ebner glands. These cells were positive for nitric oxide synthase type-1 and NADPH-diaphorase. From the ganglion, we observed nitrergic fibres running: (a) in the lamina propria of the receptor-free mucosa; (b) just below the gustatory epithelium; (c) in the von Ebner glands; and (d) around the vascular system of the vallata Papilla. Our study suggests that the nitrergic ganglion cells may mediate interactions between chemoreceptorial systems in the vallata Papilla and secretory cells in the von Ebner glands and that nitric oxide could be involved in the regulation of the blood supply to the vallata Papilla and in the regulation of the von Ebner glands.
Paolo Bernardi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neurochemistry of the Gustatory Subgemmal Plexus
Chemical senses, 2004Co-Authors: Caterina Crescimanno, Paolo Bernardi, Flavia Merigo, Francesco Osculati, Andrea SbarbatiAbstract:Nerve fibers present in the basal plexus of the Vallate Papilla of the rat tongue were analyzed using cytochemical, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural methods to investigate whether the subgemmal plexus is subdivided into neurochemical compartments and to provide a clear definition of the reciprocal spatial relationships between nitrergic, peptidergic and acetylesterase positive structures. Several neuronal fibers were detected under the chemoreceptorial epithelium. Some of these fibers were in contact with the taste buds and in some cases neuronal projections were also present between the buds or inside them; some others fibers were present below this layer but in a more peripheral area. Antibodies against CGRP, SP and CCK stained fibers just below the chemoreceptorial epithelium, whereas fibers more distally located were immunolabeled by anti VIP, NOS-1 and NF-200 antibodies. Some double staining experiments were conducted using confocal microscopy. Other sections were processed cytochemically for AChE and subsequently for NADPH-d in colocalization experiments. All the data obtained using these techniques confirmed the results obtained with single immunostaining, as did the ultrastructural results. In conclusion, the present work demonstrates that the subgemmal plexus is a bilayered structure, suggesting that the complex relationship between the two layers plays a pivotal role in taste and in the control of processes ancillary to taste, such as control of vascular or secretory mechanisms.
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ganglion cells and topographically related nerves in the Vallate Papilla von ebner gland complex
Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 2002Co-Authors: Andrea Sbarbati, Flavia Merigo, Paolo Bernardi, Caterina Crescimanno, Donatella Benati, Francesco OsculatiAbstract:SUMMARY Ganglion cells and topographically related nerves in the Vallate Papilla/von Ebner gland complex were investigated in rat tongue by cytochemical, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural methods to evaluate the possible presence of different neuronal subpopulations. Immunostaining for neurofilaments and protein gene product 9.5 revealed ganglionic cell bodies and nerve fibers. A large part of the neurons were positive at immunostaining for neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS), vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). A small subset of nerve fibers revealed immunoreactivity for cholecystokinin. Axons traveling under the lingual epithelium were evidenced by their content of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or substance P (SP). Cell bodies positive for SP or CGRP were not detected. Using methods of co-localization, three different neuronal classes were detected. The main population was composed of AChE/NADPH-diaphorase (NADPHd)-positive cells. Small groups of acetylcholine esterase (AChE)-positive/NADPHd-negative cells were visible. Isolated neurons were AChE-negative/ NADPHd-positive. The results of co-localization experiments for VAChT/NOS were consistent with those obtained by cytochemical co-localization of AChE and NADPHd. Experiments of co-localization for peptidergic and nitrergic structures revealed CGRP- and SP-immunoreactive fibers in the Vallate Papilla/von Ebner gland ganglion. In conclusion, the results demonstrated in the VP/VEG complex peptidergic, cholinergic, and nitrergic neurons. The presence of different neuronal subclasses suggests that a certain degree of functional
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Ganglion cells and topographically related nerves in the Vallate Papilla/ von Ebner gland complex
The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society, 2002Co-Authors: Andrea Sbarbati, Flavia Merigo, Paolo Bernardi, Caterina Crescimanno, Donatella Benati, Francesco OsculatiAbstract:Ganglion cells and topographically related nerves in the Vallate Papilla/von Ebner gland complex were investigated in rat tongue by cytochemical, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural methods to evaluate the possible presence of different neuronal subpopulations. Immunostaining for neurofilaments and protein gene product 9.5 revealed ganglionic cell bodies and nerve fibers. A large part of the neurons were positive at immunostaining for neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS), vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). A small subset of nerve fibers revealed immunoreactivity for cholecystokinin. Axons traveling under the lingual epithelium were evidenced by their content of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or substance P (SP). Cell bodies positive for SP or CGRP were not detected. Using methods of co-localization, three different neuronal classes were detected. The main population was composed of AChE/NADPH-diaphorase (NADPHd)-positive cells. Small groups of acetylcholine esterase (AChE)-positive/NADPHd-negative cells were visible. Isolated neurons were AChE-negative/NADPHd-positive. The results of co-localization experiments for VAChT/NOS were consistent with those obtained by cytochemical co-localization of AChE and NADPHd. Experiments of co-localization for peptidergic and nitrergic structures revealed CGRP- and SP-immunoreactive fibers in the Vallate Papilla/von Ebner gland ganglion. In conclusion, the results demonstrated in the VP/VEG complex peptidergic, cholinergic, and nitrergic neurons. The presence of different neuronal subclasses suggests that a certain degree of functional specialization may exist.
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α-Gustducin-immunoreactive Solitary Chemosensory Cells in the Developing Chemoreceptorial Epithelium of the Rat Vallate Papilla
Chemical senses, 1999Co-Authors: Andrea Sbarbati, Paolo Bernardi, Caterina Crescimanno, Francesco OsculatiAbstract:The presence of solitary chemosensory cells was studied in rat Vallate Papillae during the first week of post-natal life by α-gustducin immunocytochemistry. In 1- to 3-day-old rats, isolated α-gustducin-immunoreactive cells were found within the epithelium of the Vallate Papilla. These cells, mainly located in the basal layer, were scattered among keratocytes and wrapped in α-gustducin-negative epithelial cells in a glia-like fashion. The α-gustducin-immunoreactive cells were usually round and some of them gave rise to short, large processes directed towards the lumen of the oral cavity or the basal lamina. Rarely, some cells showed an evident bipolar shape. Small taste buds containing either α-gustducin-immunoreactive or α-gustducin-negative cells appeared in the Vallate Papillae of 4-day-old rats in which isolated, bipolar-shaped α-gustducin-immunoreactive cells were also found. After the first week of post-natal life, the taste buds appeared basically similar to those of adult animals. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the presence of epithelial cells with characteristics of solitary chemosensory cells precedes the development of the taste buds.
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NADPH-diaphorase and NOS-1 Positive Ganglion Cells are Found in the Rat Vallate Papilla/von Ebner Gland Complex
The Histochemical Journal, 1999Co-Authors: A. Sbarbati, Paolo Bernardi, C. Crescimanno, V. De Rossi, F. OsculatiAbstract:The nervous system of the vallata Papilla and von Ebner glands was investigated in the rat tongue. Cells involved in the production of nitric oxide were identified by immunohistochemical detection of neuronal nitric oxide synthase type-1 and by cytochemical detection of NADPH-diaphorase. The analysis of serial sections showed that a ganglion composed of about 180–190 neuronal cells was present between the vallata Papilla and von Ebner glands. These cells were positive for nitric oxide synthase type-1 and NADPH-diaphorase. From the ganglion, we observed nitrergic fibres running: (a) in the lamina propria of the receptor-free mucosa; (b) just below the gustatory epithelium; (c) in the von Ebner glands; and (d) around the vascular system of the vallata Papilla. Our study suggests that the nitrergic ganglion cells may mediate interactions between chemoreceptorial systems in the vallata Papilla and secretory cells in the von Ebner glands and that nitric oxide could be involved in the regulation of the blood supply to the vallata Papilla and in the regulation of the von Ebner glands.
