The Experts below are selected from a list of 127089 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Masanori Hosokawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Inheritance and Strain Distribution of a Persistent Hyaloid Vascular System in Mice
Experimental eye research, 1997Co-Authors: Hiromi Fujisawa, Naoyuki Seriu, Bing-hua Zhu, Keiichi Higuchi, Masanori HosokawaAbstract:Abstract The mode of inheritance of a persistent hyaloid Vascular System was investigated in an inbred strain of Senescence-Accelerated Mouse P9 (SAMP9) by conducting crosses between SAMP9 and SAMR1, a strain which shows normal regression of the hyaloid Vascular System. We also examined the distribution of this abnormality in 12 inbred SAM strains and in eight commonly used inbred strains of mice. Ophthalmoscopic examination of the eyes of 5-week-old mice, which have transparent lenses, revealed the persistence of a hyaloid Vascular System in only one female F1hybrid out of 66 offspring. The observed segregation ratio of affected to unaffected mice was 25:52 in males and 37:44 in females, following the reciprocal backcross progeny between SAMP9 mice and F1hybrids. The results of the strain distribution study indicated that 8–97% of the mice among six strains of SAM exhibited the persistence of a hyaloid Vascular System, whereas the other inbred strains did not exhibit this abnormality. These observations suggest that at least two major genes may contribute to the persistence of a hyaloid Vascular System, and suggest that the SAM strains comprise a group of related inbred strains.
-
Persistent hyaloid Vascular System in age-related cataract in a SAM strain of mouse.
Experimental eye research, 1993Co-Authors: Masanori Hosokawa, Yasushi Ashida, Takatoshi Matsushita, Kenshirou Takahashi, Toshio TakedaAbstract:Abstract The cataractogenesis of age-related cataract in a strain of Senescence-Accelerated Mouse; SAM-P/9 was investigated. In the mature cataract, funnel-shaped tissue of the persistent hyaloid Vascular System extended from the retinal papilla and covered the extremely protruding posterior pole of the cataractous lens, as seen using a stereomicroscope. Longitudinal examination of the eyes with transparent lenses using an ophthalmoscope revealed that the hyaloid Vascular System persisted in about 90% of the 5-week-old mice, at least unilaterally. The eyes with transparent lenses in some old mice retained this tissue and a retrospective study revealed that cataract never occurred in eyes without this tissue. Microphthalmos was not observed. Histologically, in the eyes with transparent lenses, the posterior lens capsule covered with a hyaloid Vascular System became very thin but only a few lens fibre cells just inside the capsule had swelled. In the lens of the mature cataract or even with initial changes, the lens capsules ruptured. Electron microscopic examination showed that the persistent hyaloid Vascular System was tissue consisting of capillary and mesenchymal cells. These observations suggest that the persistent hyaloid Vascular System is a necessary but not sole factor for age-related cataract formation in SAM-P/9, and that other age-related factors probably have a role.
Boris A Vinatzer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
listening in on how a bacterium takes over the plant Vascular System
Mbio, 2012Co-Authors: Boris A VinatzerAbstract:ABSTRACT Bacteria that infect the plant Vascular System are among the most destructive kind of plant pathogens because pathogen proliferation in the Vascular System will sooner or later shut down the plant’s water and nutrient supply and necessarily lead to wilting and, in the worst case, death of the entire plant. How bacterial plant pathogens adapted to life in the plant Vascular System is still poorly understood. As described in a recent article, Caitilyn Allen and her group studied the archetypical Vascular pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, the causative agent of bacterial wilt disease in almost 200 crop and ornamental plant species, and they have described the results of a microarray analysis that allowed them to “listen in” on the pathogen’s sabotaging activity inside the plant [J. M. Jacobs et al., mBio 3(4):e00114-12, 2012]. Besides gaining for the first time an almost complete picture of R. solanacearum gene expression during infection, this approach allowed revision of a wrong assumption about the activity of the pathogen’s type III secretion System during infection and uncovered the importance of sucrose as an energy source for Vascular pathogens like R. solanacearum.
-
“Listening In” on How a Bacterium Takes Over the Plant Vascular System
Mbio, 2012Co-Authors: Boris A VinatzerAbstract:ABSTRACT Bacteria that infect the plant Vascular System are among the most destructive kind of plant pathogens because pathogen proliferation in the Vascular System will sooner or later shut down the plant’s water and nutrient supply and necessarily lead to wilting and, in the worst case, death of the entire plant. How bacterial plant pathogens adapted to life in the plant Vascular System is still poorly understood. As described in a recent article, Caitilyn Allen and her group studied the archetypical Vascular pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, the causative agent of bacterial wilt disease in almost 200 crop and ornamental plant species, and they have described the results of a microarray analysis that allowed them to “listen in” on the pathogen’s sabotaging activity inside the plant [J. M. Jacobs et al., mBio 3(4):e00114-12, 2012]. Besides gaining for the first time an almost complete picture of R. solanacearum gene expression during infection, this approach allowed revision of a wrong assumption about the activity of the pathogen’s type III secretion System during infection and uncovered the importance of sucrose as an energy source for Vascular pathogens like R. solanacearum.
William D Atchison - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the Vascular System as a target of metal toxicity
Toxicological Sciences, 2008Co-Authors: Walter C Prozialeck, Joshua R Edwards, Daniel W Nebert, James M Woods, Aaron Barchowsky, William D AtchisonAbstract:Toxic metals, such as cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb), pose serious risks to human health. The importance of these metals as environmental health hazards is readily evident from the fact that all three are ranked in the top 10 on the current Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Priority List of Hazardous Substances (ATSDR, 2005). As a result of the extensive use of these metals and their compounds in industry and consumer products, these agents have been widely disseminated in the environment. Because metals are not biodegradable, they can persist in the environment and produce a variety of adverse effects. Exposure to these metals can result in damage to a variety of organ Systems (Hughes, 2002; Ibrahim et al., 2006; Jarup et al., 1998) and, in some cases, these metals also have the potential to be teratogenic and carcinogenic (Han et al., 2000; IARC 1987; Kitchin, 2001; Waalkes et al., 1992). Even though the importance of metals as environmental health hazards is now widely appreciated, the specific mechanisms by which metals produce their adverse effects have yet to be fully elucidated. However, a growing volume of evidence indicates that many of the effects of metals may result from specific actions on various components of the Vascular System. These recent advances in the field of metal toxicology have coincided with advances in the understanding of the intricate functioning of the Vascular System. Studies over the past 25 years have revealed that the Vascular System is much more than the body's “plumbing.” Rather than being a static series of pipes and tubes, the Vascular System is extremely dynamic and plays a critical role in homeostasis and in regulating the function of all organs of the body. The functioning of the Vascular System involves complex interactions among the Vascular endothelium, Vascular smooth muscle, the immune System, the nervous System, and even the local chemical/metabolic environment of individual organs (Galley and Webster, 2004; Gibbins et al., 2003; Hill et al., 2001; Triggle et al., 2003; Villar et al., 2006). Recent studies have shown that toxic metals can target the Vascular System for both acute injury and disease promotion. These Vascular effects contribute to a variety of pathologic conditions including edema, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. In addition, the Vascular effects of the metals may play key roles in mediating the toxic actions of metals in specific organ Systems (Navas-Acien et al., 2005b; Prozialeck et al., 2006) and in promoting tumor growth (Kamat et al., 2005; Liu et al., 2006; Soucy et al., 2003). In order to highlight some of the most recent work in this area, a symposium titled “The Vascular System as a Target of Metal Toxicity” was held at the 2007 Meeting of the Society of Toxicology (SOT) in Charlotte, NC. This symposium was cosponsored by the Metals, Mechanisms and Toxicologic and Exploratory Pathology Specialty Sections of the SOT. The purpose of this report is to summarize the work presented in that symposium.
-
the Vascular System as a target of metal toxicity
Toxicological Sciences, 2008Co-Authors: Walter C Prozialeck, Joshua R Edwards, Daniel W Nebert, James M Woods, Aaron Barchowsky, William D AtchisonAbstract:Vascular System function involves complex interactions among the Vascular endothelium, smooth muscle, the immune System, and the nervous System. The toxic metals cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) can target the Vascular System in a variety of ways, ranging from hemorrhagic injury to subtle pathogenic remodeling and metabolic changes. Acute Cd exposure results in hemorrhagic injury to the testis, although some strains of animals are resistant to this effect. A comparison of Cd-sensitive with Cd-resistant mouse strains showed that expression of the Slc39a8 gene, encoding the ZIP8 transporter, in the testis vasculature endothelium is responsible for this difference. Endogenously, ZIP8 is a Mn(2+)/HCO(3)(-)symporter that may also contribute to Cd damage in the kidney. Chronic Cd exposure is associated with various cardioVascular disorders such as hypertension and cardiomyopathy and it is reported to have both carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic activities. At noncytotoxic concentrations of 10-100nM, Cd can inhibit chemotaxis and tube formation of Vascular endothelial cells. These angiostatic effects may be mediated through disruption of Vascular endothelial cadherin, a Ca(2+)-dependent cell adhesion molecule. With regard to As, ingestion of water containing disease-promoting concentrations of As promotes capillarization of the liver sinusoidal endothelium. Because capillarization is a hallmark precursor for liver fibrosis and contributes to an imbalance of lipid metabolism, this As effect on hepatic endothelial cells may be a pathogenic mechanism underlying As-related Vascular diseases. With regard to Pb, perinatal exposure may cause sustained elevations in adult blood pressure, and genetically susceptible animals may show enhanced sensitivity to this effect. Taken together, these data indicate that the Vascular System is a critical target of metal toxicity and that actions of metals on the Vascular System may play important roles in mediating the pathophysiologic effects of metals in specific target organs.
-
REVIEW The Vascular System as a Target of Metal Toxicity
2008Co-Authors: Walter C Prozialeck, Joshua R Edwards, Daniel W Nebert, James M Woods, Aaron Barchowsky, William D AtchisonAbstract:Vascular System function involves complex interactions among the Vascular endothelium, smooth muscle, the immune System, and the nervous System. The toxic metals cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) can target the Vascular System in a variety of ways, ranging from hemorrhagic injury to subtle pathogenic remodeling and metabolic changes. Acute Cd exposure results in hemorrhagic injury to the testis, although some strains of animals are resistant to this effect. A comparison of Cd-sensitive with Cd-resistant mouse strains showed that expression of the Slc39a8 gene, encoding the ZIP8 transporter, in the testis vasculature endothelium is responsible for this difference. Endogenously, ZIP8 is a Mn 21 / HCO3 – symporter that may also contribute to Cd damage in the kidney. Chronic Cd exposure is associated with various cardioVascular disorders such as hypertension and cardiomyopathy and it is reported to have both carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic activities. At noncytotoxic concentrations of 10–100nM, Cd can inhibit chemotaxis and tube formation of Vascular endothelial cells. These angiostatic effects may be mediated through disruption of Vascular endothelial cadherin, a Ca 21 -dependent cell adhesion molecule. With regard to As, ingestion of water containing disease-promoting concentrations of As promotes capillarization of the liver sinusoidal endothelium. Because capillarization is a hallmark precursor for liver fibrosis and contributes to an imbalance of lipid metabolism, this As effect on hepatic endothelial cells may be a pathogenic mechanism underlying As-related Vascular diseases. With regard to Pb, perinatal exposure may cause sustained elevations in adult blood pressure, and genetically susceptible animals may show enhanced sensitivity to this effect. Taken together, these data indicate that the Vascular System is a critical target of metal toxicity and that actions of metals on the Vascular System may play important roles in mediating the pathophysiologic effects of metals in specific target organs.
Walter C Prozialeck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the Vascular System as a target of metal toxicity
Toxicological Sciences, 2008Co-Authors: Walter C Prozialeck, Joshua R Edwards, Daniel W Nebert, James M Woods, Aaron Barchowsky, William D AtchisonAbstract:Toxic metals, such as cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb), pose serious risks to human health. The importance of these metals as environmental health hazards is readily evident from the fact that all three are ranked in the top 10 on the current Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Priority List of Hazardous Substances (ATSDR, 2005). As a result of the extensive use of these metals and their compounds in industry and consumer products, these agents have been widely disseminated in the environment. Because metals are not biodegradable, they can persist in the environment and produce a variety of adverse effects. Exposure to these metals can result in damage to a variety of organ Systems (Hughes, 2002; Ibrahim et al., 2006; Jarup et al., 1998) and, in some cases, these metals also have the potential to be teratogenic and carcinogenic (Han et al., 2000; IARC 1987; Kitchin, 2001; Waalkes et al., 1992). Even though the importance of metals as environmental health hazards is now widely appreciated, the specific mechanisms by which metals produce their adverse effects have yet to be fully elucidated. However, a growing volume of evidence indicates that many of the effects of metals may result from specific actions on various components of the Vascular System. These recent advances in the field of metal toxicology have coincided with advances in the understanding of the intricate functioning of the Vascular System. Studies over the past 25 years have revealed that the Vascular System is much more than the body's “plumbing.” Rather than being a static series of pipes and tubes, the Vascular System is extremely dynamic and plays a critical role in homeostasis and in regulating the function of all organs of the body. The functioning of the Vascular System involves complex interactions among the Vascular endothelium, Vascular smooth muscle, the immune System, the nervous System, and even the local chemical/metabolic environment of individual organs (Galley and Webster, 2004; Gibbins et al., 2003; Hill et al., 2001; Triggle et al., 2003; Villar et al., 2006). Recent studies have shown that toxic metals can target the Vascular System for both acute injury and disease promotion. These Vascular effects contribute to a variety of pathologic conditions including edema, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. In addition, the Vascular effects of the metals may play key roles in mediating the toxic actions of metals in specific organ Systems (Navas-Acien et al., 2005b; Prozialeck et al., 2006) and in promoting tumor growth (Kamat et al., 2005; Liu et al., 2006; Soucy et al., 2003). In order to highlight some of the most recent work in this area, a symposium titled “The Vascular System as a Target of Metal Toxicity” was held at the 2007 Meeting of the Society of Toxicology (SOT) in Charlotte, NC. This symposium was cosponsored by the Metals, Mechanisms and Toxicologic and Exploratory Pathology Specialty Sections of the SOT. The purpose of this report is to summarize the work presented in that symposium.
-
the Vascular System as a target of metal toxicity
Toxicological Sciences, 2008Co-Authors: Walter C Prozialeck, Joshua R Edwards, Daniel W Nebert, James M Woods, Aaron Barchowsky, William D AtchisonAbstract:Vascular System function involves complex interactions among the Vascular endothelium, smooth muscle, the immune System, and the nervous System. The toxic metals cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) can target the Vascular System in a variety of ways, ranging from hemorrhagic injury to subtle pathogenic remodeling and metabolic changes. Acute Cd exposure results in hemorrhagic injury to the testis, although some strains of animals are resistant to this effect. A comparison of Cd-sensitive with Cd-resistant mouse strains showed that expression of the Slc39a8 gene, encoding the ZIP8 transporter, in the testis vasculature endothelium is responsible for this difference. Endogenously, ZIP8 is a Mn(2+)/HCO(3)(-)symporter that may also contribute to Cd damage in the kidney. Chronic Cd exposure is associated with various cardioVascular disorders such as hypertension and cardiomyopathy and it is reported to have both carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic activities. At noncytotoxic concentrations of 10-100nM, Cd can inhibit chemotaxis and tube formation of Vascular endothelial cells. These angiostatic effects may be mediated through disruption of Vascular endothelial cadherin, a Ca(2+)-dependent cell adhesion molecule. With regard to As, ingestion of water containing disease-promoting concentrations of As promotes capillarization of the liver sinusoidal endothelium. Because capillarization is a hallmark precursor for liver fibrosis and contributes to an imbalance of lipid metabolism, this As effect on hepatic endothelial cells may be a pathogenic mechanism underlying As-related Vascular diseases. With regard to Pb, perinatal exposure may cause sustained elevations in adult blood pressure, and genetically susceptible animals may show enhanced sensitivity to this effect. Taken together, these data indicate that the Vascular System is a critical target of metal toxicity and that actions of metals on the Vascular System may play important roles in mediating the pathophysiologic effects of metals in specific target organs.
-
REVIEW The Vascular System as a Target of Metal Toxicity
2008Co-Authors: Walter C Prozialeck, Joshua R Edwards, Daniel W Nebert, James M Woods, Aaron Barchowsky, William D AtchisonAbstract:Vascular System function involves complex interactions among the Vascular endothelium, smooth muscle, the immune System, and the nervous System. The toxic metals cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) can target the Vascular System in a variety of ways, ranging from hemorrhagic injury to subtle pathogenic remodeling and metabolic changes. Acute Cd exposure results in hemorrhagic injury to the testis, although some strains of animals are resistant to this effect. A comparison of Cd-sensitive with Cd-resistant mouse strains showed that expression of the Slc39a8 gene, encoding the ZIP8 transporter, in the testis vasculature endothelium is responsible for this difference. Endogenously, ZIP8 is a Mn 21 / HCO3 – symporter that may also contribute to Cd damage in the kidney. Chronic Cd exposure is associated with various cardioVascular disorders such as hypertension and cardiomyopathy and it is reported to have both carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic activities. At noncytotoxic concentrations of 10–100nM, Cd can inhibit chemotaxis and tube formation of Vascular endothelial cells. These angiostatic effects may be mediated through disruption of Vascular endothelial cadherin, a Ca 21 -dependent cell adhesion molecule. With regard to As, ingestion of water containing disease-promoting concentrations of As promotes capillarization of the liver sinusoidal endothelium. Because capillarization is a hallmark precursor for liver fibrosis and contributes to an imbalance of lipid metabolism, this As effect on hepatic endothelial cells may be a pathogenic mechanism underlying As-related Vascular diseases. With regard to Pb, perinatal exposure may cause sustained elevations in adult blood pressure, and genetically susceptible animals may show enhanced sensitivity to this effect. Taken together, these data indicate that the Vascular System is a critical target of metal toxicity and that actions of metals on the Vascular System may play important roles in mediating the pathophysiologic effects of metals in specific target organs.
Kwangsup Soh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
temporal change of alcian blue stained primo Vascular System in lymph vessels of rats
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 2016Co-Authors: Jungdae Kim, Donghyun Kim, Sharon Jiyoon Jung, Kwangsup SohAbstract:This study aims to investigate the temporal change of a Vascular System now known as the primo Vascular System (PVS). We used Alcian blue (AB) dye for imaging the distribution of the PVS in lymphatic vessels. The target lymph vessels were chosen as they are easily accessible from the skin, and long-term observation is possible with intact physiological conditions due to a minimal surgical procedure. AB solution was injected into the inguinal lymph node and the target lymph vessels were located along the superficial epigastric vessels. The imaging System allowed processing for extraction of images showing changes in the AB intensity of the visualized PVS components. This newly developed procedure can be used for further study on various dynamic processes of PVS in lymph vessels.
-
Light and primo Vascular System in the brain
Journal of the Korean Physical Society, 2012Co-Authors: Min-ho Nam, Seung-hoon Choi, Kwangsup SohAbstract:Ultra-weak light emission (biophoton) from cells and organs of all types of living organisms has been studied since the early 1920s. The optical communication channel hypothesis in an animal’s body, in conjunction with this cellular light emission and acupuncture meridians, was proposed. In this review we consider a concrete realization of this hypothesis with the recently found primo Vascular System in the brain. The primo Vascular System is an anatomical structure corresponding to the acupuncture meridians. It is a new circulatory System that is distributed throughout the whole body of an animal, including a human. Its main function is regeneration of damaged or aging tissues. Recently, techniques to observe the primo Vascular System in the brains of rabbits and rats have been developed. The primo vessel in the fourth ventricle of the brain was floating in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and it ran along the central canal of the spinal cord of a rat or rabbit. It was visualized by using fluorescent nanoparticles that were injected into the CSF of the lateral ventricle and were preferentially absorbed by the primo vessel. Possible applications of the primo Vascular System combined with biophotons for the treatment of various brain diseases, like Alzheimer’s disease are envisioned.
-
The Primo Vascular System - The Primo Vascular System
2012Co-Authors: Kwangsup Soh, Kyung A. Kang, David K. HarrisonAbstract:The primo Vascular System : , The primo Vascular System : , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
-
identification of primo Vascular System in murine tumors and viscera
2012Co-Authors: Walter J. Akers, Byung Cheon Lee, Kwangsup Soh, Yang Liu, Gail Sudlow, Joon Lee, Jung Sun Yoo, Samuel AchilefuAbstract:In the past decade, researchers at Seoul National University of South Korea have validated the existence of the primo-Vascular System using animal models, which was originally reported by Bonghan Kim in the 1960s. After exploring a variety of dye stains, Kwang-Sup Soh, et al. found that trypan blue is an effective dye for staining structures of the primo vessels and nodes. Most of the studies reported so far have used relatively large animal models such as rabbits. In this study, we explored the potential of visualizing primo-Vascular System in murine models. As compared to conventional models used for primo-Vascular studies, murine models are more versatile and affordable. In mice, we found primo vessels extended to and from abdominal viscera, often disappearing in layers of adipose tissue before resurfacing in a more distal region. In addition, we found potential primo-Vascular structures on the tumor surface. These structures were loosely attached to the surface of the tumor and some segments appear to be within the clear serosal tissue or invading into the tumor. The experience of identifying primo-Vascular System in rodents empowers us to investigate the detailed relationship of primo-vessels and cancer in future studies. A breakthrough in elucidating the complete anatomical and physiological description of the primo-Vascular System holds great promise of unraveling the molecular basis of various human diseases.
-
in situ staining of the primo Vascular System in the ventricles and subarachnoid space of the brain by trypan blue injection into the lateral ventricle
Neural Regeneration Research, 2011Co-Authors: Jingxing Dai, Byung Cheon Lee, Ki Hoon Eom, Kwangsup SohAbstract:We examined a new method for visualization of the primo Vascular System in the rat brain involving lateral ventricle injection of trypan blue. Results showed that the primo Vascular System in the lateral ventricles and arachnoid mater of the brain were preferentially stained relative to blood vessels and fascia. The primo-vessels along blood vessels in the brain were clearly exhibited. In addition, the primo Vascular System was evident between the fourth ventricle and the quadrigeminal cistern. Our experimental findings indicate that this new technique of lateral ventricle injection of trypan blue can visualize the primo Vascular System in lateral ventricles and arachnoid mater of rats in situ .
