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Matute Heredia, Francisco Javier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comportamiento de la grasa vegetal en la elaboración de emulsificaciones cárnicas
2017Co-Authors: Matute Heredia, Francisco JavierAbstract:The present investigation has as main objective the study of the behavior of the Vegetable Shortening in the elaboration of meat products, to measure, evaluate and analyze the different bromatological parameters, flavor of the final product and percentages of inclusion of vegetal fat for the elaboration and production, establishing a protocol for the utilization and utilization of Vegetable fat. Procedures already established by the Ecuadorian Institute of Normalization (INEN), specifically by the NTE INEN 1338: 96 standard were used referring to the minimum and maximum nutritional values of the different components of the meat products (Carmona, 2009). Obtained through the experimental design conclusive results of the investigation, with an inclusion percentage of between 20% and 30% of Vegetable fat for the manufacture of meat emulsions, the characteristics of the meat are preserved, the characteristic flavor of the sausages is preserved and the inclusion of animal fat is reduced, achieving a quality product that preserves its flavor and a clearly reduced index of saturated animal fat.La presente investigación, tiene como objetivo el estudio del comportamiento de la manteca vegetal en la elaboración de productos cárnicos, para medir, evaluar y analizar los diferentes parámetros bromatológicos, sabor del producto final y porcentajes de inclusión de grasa vegetal en su elaboración y producción, estableciendo un protocolo de aprovechamiento y utilización de la grasa vegetal. Se utilizaron procedimientos ya establecidos por el Instituto Ecuatoriano de Normalización (INEN), específicamente por la norma NTE INEN 1338:96 referente a los valores nutricionales mínimos y máximos de las diferentes componentes de los productos cárnicos (Carmona, 2009). Obteniéndose a través del diseño experimental resultados concluyentes de la investigación que con una inclusión porcentual de entre el 20% y 30% de grasa vegetal para la fabricación de emulsificaciones cárnicas, se conservan las características bromatológicas, se mantiene el sabor propio de los embutidos y se reduce la inclusión de grasa animal, logrando obtener un producto de calidad que conserve su sabor y con un índice de grasa animal saturada claramente reducido.
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Comportamiento de la grasa vegetal en la elaboración de emulsificaciones cárnicas
'Empresa Publica de Servicios Generales e Ingenieria Utm', 2017Co-Authors: Matute Heredia, Francisco JavierAbstract:Behavior of Fat Vegetable in the Preparation of Meat Emulsifications RESUMEN La presente investigación, tiene como objetivo el estudio del comportamiento de la manteca vegetal en la elaboración de productos cárnicos, para medir, evaluar y analizar los diferentes parámetros bromatológicos, sabor del producto final y porcentajes de inclusión de grasa vegetal en su elaboración y producción, estableciendo un protocolo de aprovechamiento y utilización de la grasa vegetal. Se utilizaron procedimientos ya establecidos por el Instituto Ecuatoriano de Normalización (INEN), específicamente por la norma NTE INEN 1338:96 referente a los valores nutricionales mínimos y máximos de las diferentes componentes de los productos cárnicos (Carmona, 2009). Obteniéndose a través del diseño experimental resultados concluyentes de la investigación que con una inclusión porcentual de entre el 20% y 30% de grasa vegetal para la fabricación de emulsificaciones cárnicas, se conservan las características bromatológicas, se mantiene el sabor propio de los embutidos y se reduce la inclusión de grasa animal, logrando obtener un producto de calidad que conserve su sabor y con un índice de grasa animal saturada claramente reducido. Palabras clave: Alimento, Análisis químico, Carne, Compuesto orgánico, Producción alimentaria. ABSTRACT The present investigation has as main objective the study of the behavior of the Vegetable Shortening in the elaboration of meat products, to measure, evaluate and analyze the different bromatological parameters, flavor of the final product and percentages of inclusion of vegetal fat for the elaboration and production, establishing a protocol for the utilization and utilization of Vegetable fat. Procedures already established by the Ecuadorian Institute of Normalization (INEN), specifically by the NTE INEN 1338: 96 standard were used referring to the minimum and maximum nutritional values of the different components of the meat products (Carmona, 2009). Obtained through the experimental design conclusive results of the investigation, with an inclusion percentage of between 20% and 30% of Vegetable fat for the manufacture of meat emulsions, the characteristics of the meat are preserved, the characteristic flavor of the sausages is preserved and the inclusion of animal fat is reduced, achieving a quality product that preserves its flavor and a clearly reduced index of saturated animal fat. Key words: Food, Chemical analysis, Meat, Organic composite, Food production
G H Anderson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a comparison of effects of lard and hydrogenated Vegetable Shortening on the development of high fat diet induced obesity in rats
Nutrition & Diabetes, 2015Co-Authors: Ruslan Kubant, Abraham N Poon, Diana Sanchezhernandez, Anthony F Domenichiello, Pedro S P Huot, Emanuela Pannia, Clara E Cho, Sascha Hunschede, Richard P Bazinet, G H AndersonAbstract:Obesity is associated with increased consumption and preference for dietary fat. Experimental models of fat-induced obesity use either lard or Vegetable Shortening. Yet, there are no direct comparisons of these commonly used fat sources, or the influence of their fatty acid composition, on the development of diet-induced obesity. To compare the effects of lard and hydrogenated Vegetable-Shortening diets, which differ in their fatty acid composition, on weight gain and the development of obesity and insulin resistance in rats. Male Wistar rats were fed ad libitum for 14 weeks high-fat diets containing either (1) high Vegetable fat (HVF, 60 kcal% from Vegetable Shortening) or (2) high lard fat (HLF, 60 kcal% from lard). Rats fed normal-fat (NF, 16 kcal% from Vegetable Shortening) diet served as control. Body weight, food intake, adipose tissue mass, serum 25[OH]D3, glucose, insulin and fatty acid composition of diets were measured. Rats fed either of the two high-fat diets had higher energy intake, weight gain and fat accretion than rats fed normal-fat diet. However, rats fed the HLF diet consumed more calories and gained more weight and body fat with greater increases of 32% in total (158.5±8.2 vs 120.2±6.6 g, P<0.05), 30% in visceral (104.4±5.2 vs 80.3±4.2 g, P<0.05) and 36% in subcutaneous fat mass (54.1±3.6 vs 39.9±3.1 g, P<0.05), compared with rats fed the HVF diet. Higher visceral adiposity was positively correlated with serum insulin (r=0.376, P<0.05) and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (r=0.391, P<0.05). We conclude that lard-based high-fat diets accentuate the increase in weight gain and the development of obesity and insulin resistance more than hydrogenated Vegetable-Shortening diets. These results further point to the importance of standardizing fatty acid composition and type of fat used in determining outcomes of consuming high-fat diets.
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a comparison of effects of lard and hydrogenated Vegetable Shortening on the development of high fat diet induced obesity in rats
Nutrition & Diabetes, 2015Co-Authors: Ruslan Kubant, Abraham N Poon, Diana Sanchezhernandez, Anthony F Domenichiello, Pedro S P Huot, Emanuela Pannia, Clara E Cho, Sascha Hunschede, Richard P Bazinet, G H AndersonAbstract:A comparison of effects of lard and hydrogenated Vegetable Shortening on the development of high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats
Nicholas T. Bello - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Binge-Like Eating Attenuates Nisoxetine Feeding Suppression, Stress Activation, and Brain Norepinephrine Activity
2016Co-Authors: Nicholas T. Bello, Chung-yang Yeh, Jessica L. Verpeut, Amy L. WaltersAbstract:Stress is often associated with binge eating. A critical component of the control of stress is the central norepinephrine system. We investigated how dietary-induced binge eating alters central norepinephrine and related behaviors. Young male Sprague Dawley rats received calorie deprivation (24 h) and /or intermittent sweetened fat (Vegetable Shortening with sucrose; 30 min) twice a week for 10 weeks. The groups were Restrict Binge (calorie deprivation/sweetened fat), Binge (sweetened fat), Restrict (calorie deprivation), and Naive (no calorie deprivation/no sweetened fat). Dietary-induced binge eating was demonstrated by Restrict Binge and Binge, which showed an escalation in 30-min intake over time. Feeding suppression following nisoxetine (3 mg/kg; IP), a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, was not evident in Restric
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dietary induced binge eating increases prefrontal cortex neural activation to restraint stress and increases binge food consumption following chronic guanfacine
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 2014Co-Authors: Nicholas T. Bello, Jessica L. Verpeut, Amy L. Walters, Jonathan CaverlyAbstract:Abstract Binge eating is a prominent feature of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. Stress or perceived stress is an often-cited reason for binge eating. One notion is that the neural pathways that overlap with stress reactivity and feeding behavior are altered by recurrent binge eating. Using young adult female rats in a dietary-induced binge eating model (30 min access to binge food with or without 24-h calorie restriction, twice a week, for 6 weeks) we measured the neural activation by c-Fos immunoreactivity to the binge food (Vegetable Shortening mixed with 10% sucrose) in bingeing and non-bingeing animals under acute stress (immobilization; 1 h) or no stress conditions. There was an increase in the number of immunopositive cells in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in stressed animals previously exposed to the binge eating feeding schedules. Because attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) medications target the mPFC and have some efficacy at reducing binge eating in clinical populations, we examined whether chronic (2 weeks; via IP osmotic mini-pumps) treatment with a selective alpha-2A adrenergic agonist (0.5 mg/kg/day), guanfacine, would reduce binge-like eating. In the binge group with only scheduled access to binge food (30 min; twice a week; 8 weeks), guanfacine increased total calories consumed during the 30-min access period from the 2-week pre-treatment baseline and increased binge food consumption compared with saline-treated animals. These experiments suggest that mPFC is differentially activated in response to an immobilization stress in animals under different dietary conditions and chronic guanfacine, at the dose tested, was ineffective at reducing binge-like eating.
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binge like eating attenuates nisoxetine feeding suppression stress activation and brain norepinephrine activity
PLOS ONE, 2014Co-Authors: Nicholas T. Bello, Chung-yang Yeh, Jessica L. Verpeut, Amy L. WaltersAbstract:Stress is often associated with binge eating. A critical component of the control of stress is the central norepinephrine system. We investigated how dietary-induced binge eating alters central norepinephrine and related behaviors. Young male Sprague Dawley rats received calorie deprivation (24 h) and /or intermittent sweetened fat (Vegetable Shortening with sucrose; 30 min) twice a week for 10 weeks. The groups were Restrict Binge (calorie deprivation/sweetened fat), Binge (sweetened fat), Restrict (calorie deprivation), and Naive (no calorie deprivation/no sweetened fat). Dietary-induced binge eating was demonstrated by Restrict Binge and Binge, which showed an escalation in 30-min intake over time. Feeding suppression following nisoxetine (3 mg/kg; IP), a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, was not evident in Restrict Binge (Restrict Binge: 107±13, Binge: 52±9, Restrict: 80±8, Naive: 59±13% of saline injection at 1 h). In subsequent experiments with Restrict Binge and Naive, Restrict Binge had reduced corticosterone (Restrict Binge: 266±25; Naive: 494±36 ng/ml) and less feeding suppression (Restrict Binge: 81±12, Naive: 50±11% of non-restraint intake at 30 min) following restraint stress (1 h). Dietary-induced binge eating in Restrict Binge was not altered by a dorsal noradrenergic bundle lesion caused by N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP4), but frontal cortex norepinephrine was positively correlated with the average 30-min intake post-lesion (0.69; p<0.01). In a separate set of animals, single-unit in vivo electrophysiological recording of locus coeruleus–norepinephrine neural activity demonstrated reduced sensory-evoked response as a consequence of the Restrict Binge schedule (Restrict Binge: 8.1±0.67, Naive: 11.9±1.09 Hz). These results, which suggest that a consequence of dietary-induced binge eating is to attenuate the responsiveness of the brain norepinephrine system, will further our understanding of how highly palatable foods dampen the stress neuraxis.
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Calorie intakes and body weights during 10 weeks of the 7-day feeding protocols.
2014Co-Authors: Nicholas T. Bello, Chung-yang Yeh, Jessica L. Verpeut, Amy L. WaltersAbstract:Intakes (Kcal) and body weights (g) are mean ± SE. A: Averaged total calorie intake during the 30-min feeding session (days 3 and 6 of the feeding schedule). Restrict Binge (n = 9) and Binge groups (n = 9) had 30-min access to the sweetened fat (Vegetable Shortening with 10% sucrose) and standard chow, while the Restrict (n = 8) and Naive (n = 8) had access to standard chow only. Both Restrict Binge and Restrict groups had a 24 h chow deprivation prior to this 30-min access period. * indicates significance (p
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opioidergic consequences of dietary induced binge eating
Physiology & Behavior, 2011Co-Authors: Nicholas T. Bello, Zachary W Patinkin, Timothy H MoranAbstract:Abstract Endogenous opioids are involved in the hedonic aspects of eating. Opioid impairments and alterations have been implicated in the pathophysiology of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. Specific contributions by Bartley G. Hoebel have furthered the understanding how cyclical caloric restriction and intermittent optional access to sugar solutions result in opioid-like forebrain neural alterations and dependency in rodents. The present study sought to investigate caudal brainstem and nodose ganglion mu-opioid receptor mRNA alterations in a rodent model of dietary-induced binge eating of sweetened fat (Vegetable Shortening blended with 10% sucrose). Five groups (n = 7 or 8) of adult female Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to various dietary conditions for 6 weeks. As measured by in situ hybridization, there was reduced (approximately 25% from naive) mu-opioid receptor mRNA in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) in the binge access group, which had intermittent calorie restriction and optional limited access to the sweetened fat. A similar reduction in expression was demonstrated in the continuous access group, which has unlimited optional sweetened fat and an obese phenotype. In the nodose ganglion, mu-opioid receptor mRNA was increased (approximately 30% from groups with sweetened fat access) in rats with intermittent caloric restriction alone. Our findings and the body of work from the Hoebel laboratory suggest that dietary-induced binge eating can consequentially alter opioidergic forebrain and hindbrain feeding-related neural pathways. Future work is needed to determine whether similar alterations are involved in the maintenance and progression of binge eating and other related eating pathologies.
Ruslan Kubant - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a comparison of effects of lard and hydrogenated Vegetable Shortening on the development of high fat diet induced obesity in rats
Nutrition & Diabetes, 2015Co-Authors: Ruslan Kubant, Abraham N Poon, Diana Sanchezhernandez, Anthony F Domenichiello, Pedro S P Huot, Emanuela Pannia, Clara E Cho, Sascha Hunschede, Richard P Bazinet, G H AndersonAbstract:Obesity is associated with increased consumption and preference for dietary fat. Experimental models of fat-induced obesity use either lard or Vegetable Shortening. Yet, there are no direct comparisons of these commonly used fat sources, or the influence of their fatty acid composition, on the development of diet-induced obesity. To compare the effects of lard and hydrogenated Vegetable-Shortening diets, which differ in their fatty acid composition, on weight gain and the development of obesity and insulin resistance in rats. Male Wistar rats were fed ad libitum for 14 weeks high-fat diets containing either (1) high Vegetable fat (HVF, 60 kcal% from Vegetable Shortening) or (2) high lard fat (HLF, 60 kcal% from lard). Rats fed normal-fat (NF, 16 kcal% from Vegetable Shortening) diet served as control. Body weight, food intake, adipose tissue mass, serum 25[OH]D3, glucose, insulin and fatty acid composition of diets were measured. Rats fed either of the two high-fat diets had higher energy intake, weight gain and fat accretion than rats fed normal-fat diet. However, rats fed the HLF diet consumed more calories and gained more weight and body fat with greater increases of 32% in total (158.5±8.2 vs 120.2±6.6 g, P<0.05), 30% in visceral (104.4±5.2 vs 80.3±4.2 g, P<0.05) and 36% in subcutaneous fat mass (54.1±3.6 vs 39.9±3.1 g, P<0.05), compared with rats fed the HVF diet. Higher visceral adiposity was positively correlated with serum insulin (r=0.376, P<0.05) and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (r=0.391, P<0.05). We conclude that lard-based high-fat diets accentuate the increase in weight gain and the development of obesity and insulin resistance more than hydrogenated Vegetable-Shortening diets. These results further point to the importance of standardizing fatty acid composition and type of fat used in determining outcomes of consuming high-fat diets.
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a comparison of effects of lard and hydrogenated Vegetable Shortening on the development of high fat diet induced obesity in rats
Nutrition & Diabetes, 2015Co-Authors: Ruslan Kubant, Abraham N Poon, Diana Sanchezhernandez, Anthony F Domenichiello, Pedro S P Huot, Emanuela Pannia, Clara E Cho, Sascha Hunschede, Richard P Bazinet, G H AndersonAbstract:A comparison of effects of lard and hydrogenated Vegetable Shortening on the development of high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats
Borges, Aline Caron - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Alterações comportamentais de ansiedade e o papel dos receptores 5-HT4 da concha do núcleo accúmbens durante episódio compulsivo/compensatório de ingestão de alimentos em ratos
2011Co-Authors: Borges, Aline CaronAbstract:Modelos animais de compulsão alimentar têm contribuído para o entendimento da etiologia desses distúrbios em humanos. Sabe-se que indivíduos com transtornos alimentares também apresentam elevados níveis de ansiedade e depressão. O modelo animal de intermitência é um modelo válido de compulsão, no entanto, pode gerar comportamentos de medo/ansiedade elevados nos animais, como mostrou nosso estudo piloto. O presente trabalho adaptou o modelo de compulsão gerado pela intermitência do acesso à gordura vegetal, retirando a variável isolamento social, e testou o efeito farmacológico da microinjeção bilateral de um agonista dos receptores 5-HT4, BIMU-8, em duas doses 0.1 e 5μg/02μL do núcleo accúmbens de ratos machos sobre esse comportamento. Verificou-se que ambas as doses reduzem o consumo de ração e que somente a maior dose diminui o consumo de gordura. Os animais submetidos ao protocolo apresentam significativamente mais comportamentos de avaliações de risco (imersão da cabeça) no labirinto em cruz elevado. Animais que receberam chocolate como alimento-teste não diferiram no consumo, mas ingeriram aproximadamente o dobro da quantidade se comparados aos que receberam gordura com açúcar. Sugere-se que os receptores 5-HT4 no núcleo accúmbens tem papel tanto na ingestão alimentar no seu componente homeostático como no comportamento compulsivo relacionado a ela. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTAnimal models for binge-eating behavior have contributed to understand the etiology of these disorders. Individuals with compulsion tend to have high levels of anxiety and depression. The intermittent-access animal model is a valid means to study compulsion, however, it can generate high fear/anxiety behaviors, as shown in the pilot study. The present study adapted the compulsion model generated by the intermittent access to Vegetable Shortening by removing the social isolation variable and tested the pharmacological effects of a bilateral microinjection of BIMU-8, a 5-HT4 agonist, in two doses (0.1 and 5μg/02μL), in the nucleus accumbens of male wistar rats submitted to this protocol. There was a reduced chow intake for both doses and Shortening intake for the larger dose. The animals submitted to the protocol had significantly more risk assessment behaviors (head immersions) in the elevated plus maze. Animals that received chocolate instead of Vegetable Shortening did not differ in intake, but ate approximately twice as much as those that received sweetened Shortening. The present study suggests that 5-HT4 receptors in the nucleus accumbens play a role both in food consumption and in the compulsive behavior related to it
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Alterações comportamentais de ansiedade e o papel dos receptores 5-HT4 da concha do núcleo accúmbens durante episódio compulsivo/compensatório de ingestão de alimentos em ratos
2011Co-Authors: Borges, Aline CaronAbstract:Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Psicologia, Departamento de Processos Psicológicos Básicos, 2011.Modelos animais de compulsão alimentar têm contribuído para o entendimento da etiologia desses distúrbios em humanos. Sabe-se que indivíduos com transtornos alimentares também apresentam elevados níveis de ansiedade e depressão. O modelo animal de intermitência é um modelo válido de compulsão, no entanto, pode gerar comportamentos de medo/ansiedade elevados nos animais, como mostrou nosso estudo piloto. O presente trabalho adaptou o modelo de compulsão gerado pela intermitência do acesso à gordura vegetal, retirando a variável isolamento social, e testou o efeito farmacológico da microinjeção bilateral de um agonista dos receptores 5-HT4, BIMU-8, em duas doses 0.1 e 5μg/02μL do núcleo accúmbens de ratos machos sobre esse comportamento. Verificou-se que ambas as doses reduzem o consumo de ração e que somente a maior dose diminui o consumo de gordura. Os animais submetidos ao protocolo apresentam significativamente mais comportamentos de avaliações de risco (imersão da cabeça) no labirinto em cruz elevado. Animais que receberam chocolate como alimento-teste não diferiram no consumo, mas ingeriram aproximadamente o dobro da quantidade se comparados aos que receberam gordura com açúcar. Sugere-se que os receptores 5-HT4 no núcleo accúmbens tem papel tanto na ingestão alimentar no seu componente homeostático como no comportamento compulsivo relacionado a ela. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTAnimal models for binge-eating behavior have contributed to understand the etiology of these disorders. Individuals with compulsion tend to have high levels of anxiety and depression. The intermittent-access animal model is a valid means to study compulsion, however, it can generate high fear/anxiety behaviors, as shown in the pilot study. The present study adapted the compulsion model generated by the intermittent access to Vegetable Shortening by removing the social isolation variable and tested the pharmacological effects of a bilateral microinjection of BIMU-8, a 5-HT4 agonist, in two doses (0.1 and 5μg/02μL), in the nucleus accumbens of male wistar rats submitted to this protocol. There was a reduced chow intake for both doses and Shortening intake for the larger dose. The animals submitted to the protocol had significantly more risk assessment behaviors (head immersions) in the elevated plus maze. Animals that received chocolate instead of Vegetable Shortening did not differ in intake, but ate approximately twice as much as those that received sweetened Shortening. The present study suggests that 5-HT4 receptors in the nucleus accumbens play a role both in food consumption and in the compulsive behavior related to it
