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Michael A. Young - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Symptom Structure of Seasonal Affective Disorder: Integrating Results from Factor and Network Analyses in the Context of the Dual Vulnerability Model
Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 2021Co-Authors: Joseph B. Smetter, Michael A. Young, Caroline A. Antler, Kelly J. RohanAbstract:Research on seasonal affective disorder (SAD) has produced several etiological models of SAD symptomatology, including a common cause model that conceptualizes Symptoms as the result of a single underlying disease process and the Dual Vulnerability Model (Young et al., Journal of Affective Disorders, 22 , 191–197 1991 ) which posits that cognitive/affective Symptoms of depression are responses to Vegetative Symptoms (fatigue, hypersomnia, increased appetite) in individuals with a cognitive vulnerability to these seasonal changes. This study used exploratory factor analysis and network analyses to examine 22 Symptoms of winter SAD in 177 adults at the start of a randomized SAD treatment trial (Rohan et al., American Journal of Psychiatry, 172 , 862–9 2015 ). The factor analysis supported a novel four-factor model that included Negative Cognition, Loss of Vitality, Increased Appetite/Weight and Dysregulation across symptom domains. The results of the network model of interacting Symptoms paralleled those of the factor analysis in producing four clusters of inter-correlated Symptoms. A directed acyclic graph was constructed to model possible causal relations between symptom factors/clusters. Results suggest that Vegetative Symptoms (Loss of Vitality and Appetite/Weight) contribute to Dysregulation and that Loss of Vitality and Dysregulation contribute to Negative Cognition, supporting the overall structure of the Dual Vulnerability Model but with greater symptom differentiation. Findings have implications for how SAD should be researched (e.g., clusters vs. diagnosis or individual Symptoms), opportunities for intervention, and the expected course of onset and remission.
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Illness Attitudes Associated with Seasonal Depressive Symptoms: An Examination Using a Newly Developed Implicit Measure
Depression research and treatment, 2015Co-Authors: Katherine Meyers, Michael A. YoungAbstract:The Dual Vulnerability Model of seasonal depression posits that seasonal Vegetative Symptoms are due to a physiological vulnerability, but cognitive and mood Symptoms are the result of negative appraisal of Vegetative changes. In addition, rumination may be associated with stronger negative attitudes toward Vegetative Symptoms. This is the first study to examine implicit attitudes toward Vegetative Symptoms. We hypothesized that illness attitudes about fatigue moderate the relationship between the severity of Vegetative Symptoms and the severity of cognitive Symptoms and that the illness attitudes are associated with rumination. This study also developed an implicit method to assess the appraisal of fatigue as indicating illness. Results supported both hypotheses. Illness attitudes toward fatigue moderated the relationship between Vegetative Symptoms and cognitive Symptoms. Ruminative response style was positively associated with implicit illness attitudes towards fatigue. The study provides support for the role of negative appraisals of Vegetative Symptoms in the development of cognitive and mood seasonal depressive Symptoms.
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The Temporal Development of Mood, Cognitive, and Vegetative Symptoms in Recurrent SAD Episodes: A Test of the Dual Vulnerability Hypothesis
Cognitive Therapy and Research, 2013Co-Authors: Stacy Whitcomb-smith, Sandra T. Sigmon, Amber A. Martinson, Michael A. Young, Julia R. Craner, Nina E. BoulardAbstract:Recent literature on seasonal affective disorder (SAD) has begun to focus on diathesis–stress models, including Young and colleagues’ dual vulnerability hypothesis. The dual vulnerability hypothesis posits that individuals must possess both a biological vulnerability to developing Vegetative Symptoms and a psychological vulnerability to developing mood Symptoms in order to develop SAD episodes. However, few studies have directly tested this model until very recently. Research has demonstrated a temporal relation between mood and Vegetative Symptoms, with Vegetative Symptoms having an earlier onset than mood Symptoms supporting the idea that separate factors related to the two symptom clusters exist. The current study represents a longitudinal assessment of Vegetative and mood Symptoms, as well as cognitive factors (i.e., rumination, automatic thoughts) that may represent part of the psychological vulnerability shared by SAD sufferers. Furthermore, the present study represents only the second to assess state levels of cognitive factors that may impact recurrent SAD episode severity. Fifty-one individuals participated in the study across two groups, individuals with a history of SAD, and with no history of depression or SADs. Findings supported the dual vulnerability hypothesis, with an early Vegetative symptom onset than mood symptom evident for the individuals with a history of SAD. Participants with a history of SAD also reported more ruminative responses and negative automatic thoughts about the seasons. Findings are generally supportive of Young and colleagues’ dual vulnerability hypothesis and directions for future research are suggested.
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Rumination and Vegetative Symptoms : A Test of the Dual Vulnerability Model of Seasonal Depression
Cognitive Therapy and Research, 2008Co-Authors: Michael A. Young, Annemarie Reardon, Omar A. AzamAbstract:The Dual Vulnerability Model of seasonal affective disorder proposes that the cognitive-affective Symptoms of seasonal depression are the result of an interaction of a diathesis of cognitive vulnerability to depression and the stressor of seasonal Vegetative change. Two studies examined this hypothesis employing a within-subject design with daily data on Vegetative and cognitive-affective depressive Symptoms. Study 1 included a subclinical sample and a trait measure of ruminative response style. Study 2 included a clinical sample and reports of actual ruminative thoughts and behaviors in response to fatigue. Results of mixed linear model analyses in both studies supported the hypothesis that rumination moderates the relationship between the Vegetative Symptoms and the cognitive-affective Symptoms of seasonal depression. The extension of the model to other subtypes of depression is considered.
Kiyohisa Takahashi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study of Seasonal Affective Disorder
The American journal of psychiatry, 1995Co-Authors: Kaoru Sakamoto, Susamu Nakadaira, Koji Kamo, Toshiko Kamo, Kiyohisa TakahashiAbstract:Objective: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the long-term stability ofa seasonal pattern of recurrent depression, identify possible factors associated with alteration of the seasonal pattern, and determine whether atypical Vegetative Symptoms during early seasonal depressive episodes predict future seasonal relapses. Method: The subjects were 41 patients satisfying the criteria used in the Japanese multicenter study ofseasonal affective disorder who were consistently treated at the same outpatient clinic. Their longitudinal courses were eva/uated by using case records and the Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia-Lifetime Version; the mean follow-up period was I 0.4 years. Results: Nine subjects (22.0%) consistently showed a fall-winter pattern of recurrence throughout follow-up. Seventeen patients with an initial fall-winter pattern subsequently tended to shift seasons or show less seasonality. This alteration in pattern was possibly associated with antidepressant therapy or life events. Eleven patients with an initial diagnosis ofnonseasonal affective disorder subsequently developed seasonal affective disorder; no specific factors were associated with this change. Atypical Vegetative Symptoms were significantly more common in patients with stable seasonal patterns of recurrence than in those who lost seasonality. Conclusions: Although seasonal affective disorder appeared to be altered by antidepressant treatment, the presence of a core group of patients with a consistent seasonal pattern of recurrent depression suggests the validity of seasonal affective disorder as a distinct subtype ofrecurrent affective illness. The findings also suggest that atypical Vegetative Symptoms during early seasonal depressive episodes predict the subsequent seasonality of depression. (Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:862-868)
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A nationwide survey of seasonal affective disorder at 53 outpatient university clinics in Japan.
Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1993Co-Authors: Kaoru Sakamoto, T. Kamo, S. Nakadaira, A. Tamura, Kiyohisa TakahashiAbstract:A nationwide survey of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) was performed from autumn 1990 to spring 1991 with the cooperation of 53 outpatient university psychiatric clinics in Japan. Forty-six SAD patients were identified among 5265 depressed outpatients. SAD was generally reported to occur in 1-3% of the depressed outpatients newly attending each facility. Hours of sunshine were found to be a more relevant variable influencing the prevalence of SAD than latitude or the mean temperature in December. The unexpectedly low percentage (20-30%) of SAD patients with atypical Vegetative Symptoms suggests that SAD patients who have no prior knowledge of SAD and those who are recruited via the media have different Vegetative symptom profiles. Language: en
Kaoru Sakamoto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study of Seasonal Affective Disorder
The American journal of psychiatry, 1995Co-Authors: Kaoru Sakamoto, Susamu Nakadaira, Koji Kamo, Toshiko Kamo, Kiyohisa TakahashiAbstract:Objective: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the long-term stability ofa seasonal pattern of recurrent depression, identify possible factors associated with alteration of the seasonal pattern, and determine whether atypical Vegetative Symptoms during early seasonal depressive episodes predict future seasonal relapses. Method: The subjects were 41 patients satisfying the criteria used in the Japanese multicenter study ofseasonal affective disorder who were consistently treated at the same outpatient clinic. Their longitudinal courses were eva/uated by using case records and the Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia-Lifetime Version; the mean follow-up period was I 0.4 years. Results: Nine subjects (22.0%) consistently showed a fall-winter pattern of recurrence throughout follow-up. Seventeen patients with an initial fall-winter pattern subsequently tended to shift seasons or show less seasonality. This alteration in pattern was possibly associated with antidepressant therapy or life events. Eleven patients with an initial diagnosis ofnonseasonal affective disorder subsequently developed seasonal affective disorder; no specific factors were associated with this change. Atypical Vegetative Symptoms were significantly more common in patients with stable seasonal patterns of recurrence than in those who lost seasonality. Conclusions: Although seasonal affective disorder appeared to be altered by antidepressant treatment, the presence of a core group of patients with a consistent seasonal pattern of recurrent depression suggests the validity of seasonal affective disorder as a distinct subtype ofrecurrent affective illness. The findings also suggest that atypical Vegetative Symptoms during early seasonal depressive episodes predict the subsequent seasonality of depression. (Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:862-868)
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A nationwide survey of seasonal affective disorder at 53 outpatient university clinics in Japan.
Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1993Co-Authors: Kaoru Sakamoto, T. Kamo, S. Nakadaira, A. Tamura, Kiyohisa TakahashiAbstract:A nationwide survey of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) was performed from autumn 1990 to spring 1991 with the cooperation of 53 outpatient university psychiatric clinics in Japan. Forty-six SAD patients were identified among 5265 depressed outpatients. SAD was generally reported to occur in 1-3% of the depressed outpatients newly attending each facility. Hours of sunshine were found to be a more relevant variable influencing the prevalence of SAD than latitude or the mean temperature in December. The unexpectedly low percentage (20-30%) of SAD patients with atypical Vegetative Symptoms suggests that SAD patients who have no prior knowledge of SAD and those who are recruited via the media have different Vegetative symptom profiles. Language: en
Alois Ebner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Peri-ictal Vegetative Symptoms in temporal lobe epilepsy
Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2007Co-Authors: József Janszky, András Fogarasi, Vanda Tóth, V. Magalova, Csilla Gyimesi, Norbert Kovács, Reinhard Schulz, Alois EbnerAbstract:We investigated peri-ictal Vegetative Symptoms (PIVS) in 141 patients with adult temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and assessed frequency, gender effect, and lateralizing value of peri-ictal autonomic signs. We recorded abdominal auras in 62%, goosebumps in 3%, hypersalivation in 12%, spitting in 1%, cold shivering in 3%, urinary urge in 3%, water drinking in 7%, postictal nose wiping (PNW) in 44%, and postictal coughing in 16%. At least one Vegetative sign appeared in 86% of the patients. The presence of PIVS did not have a significant lateralizing value. PNW occurred in 52% of women and in 33% of men, whereas any PIVS was present in 93% of women and 77% of men. In summary, contradictory to previous studies, the presence of PIVS has no lateralizing value, which may be linked to a low frequency of occurrence of PIVS. PIVS, especially PNW, occurred more frequently in women, supporting the gender differences in epilepsy.
Georg Northoff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Abnormal body perception and neural activity in the insula in depression: An fMRI study of the depressed "material me"
The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry, 2010Co-Authors: Christine Wiebking, Moritz De Greck, André Bauer, Niall-william Duncan, Claus Tempelmann, Georg NorthoffAbstract:AbstractObjectives. In addition to affective-cognitive Symptoms, patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) suffer from somato-Vegetative Symptoms, suggesting abnormal interoceptive awareness of their “material me”. While recent imaging studies have extensively investigated affective-cognitive Symptoms in MDD, the neural correlates of somato-Vegetative Symptoms and abnormal interoception remain unclear. Since the “material me” has been especially associated with the anterior insula in healthy subjects, we hypothesized abnormalities in this region during interoceptive awareness in MDD. Methods. We therefore investigated behavioural and neural correlates of interoception in healthy and depressed subjects using the Body Perception Questionnaire (BPQ) and a well established heartbeat perception task in fMRI. Results. MDD patients showed significantly higher scores in the BPQ and reduced neural activity during rest periods, particularly in the bilateral anterior insula. In contrast to healthy subjects, BPQ ...
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Segregated neural representation of psychological and somatic-Vegetative Symptoms in severe major depression
Neuroscience Letters, 2009Co-Authors: Alexander Heinzel, Daniel Schuepbach, Johannes Beck, Heinz Boeker, Daniel Hell, Simone Grimm, Peter Boesiger, Georg NorthoffAbstract:Objective: The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is probably the most widely used depression scale. It has been suggested that it contains a two-factor structure measuring cognitive-affective (i.e. psychological) and somatic-Vegetative depressive Symptoms. In this study we aim to evaluate these factors by probing for their neural correlates. Methods: Neural responses evoked by emotional perception, relative to an emotional judgment task, were measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 20 medication-free patients with severe MDD. Psychological and somatic-Vegetative Symptoms were evaluated with the BDI. Results: Psychological Symptoms correlated with signal changes in the dorsomedial and right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, while somatic-Vegetative Symptoms correlated with signal changes in the pre-genual anterior cingulate cortex. Conclusions: These preliminary findings demonstrate segregated neural representation of psychological and somatic-Vegetative Symptoms of MDD in different cortical regions. Thus, our results indicate that the two-factor structure of the BDI is related to distinct neural correlates.
