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Anthony D Wagner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reviews and perspectives Left Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex and the cognitive control of memory
2020Co-Authors: David Badre, Anthony D WagnerAbstract:Cognitive control mechanisms permit memory to be accessed strategically, and so aid in bringing knowledge to mind that is relevant to current goals and actions. In this review, we consider the contribution of left Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex (VLPFC) to the cognitive control of memory. Reviewed evidence supports a two-process model of mnemonic control, supported by a double dissociation among rostral regions of left VLPFC. Specifically, anterior VLPFC (∼BA 47; inferior frontal gyrus pars orbitalis) supports controlled access to stored conceptual representations, whereas mid-VLPFC (∼BA 45; inferior frontal gyrus pars triangularis) supports a domain-general selection process that operates post-retrieval to resolve competition among active representations. We discuss the contribution of these control mechanisms across a range of mnemonic domains, including semantic retrieval, recollection of contextual details about past events, resolution of proactive interference in working memory, and task switching. Finally, we consider open directions for future research into left VLPFC function and the cognitive control of memory. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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cognitive control and right Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex reflexive reorienting motor inhibition and action updating
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2011Co-Authors: Benjamin J Levy, Anthony D WagnerAbstract:Delineating the functional organization of the Prefrontal Cortex is central to advancing models of goal-directed cognition. Considerable evidence indicates that specific forms of cognitive control are associated with distinct subregions of the left Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex (VLPFC), but less is known about functional specialization within the right VLPFC. We report a functional MRI meta-analysis of two prominent theories of right VLPFC function: stopping of motor responses and reflexive orienting to abrupt perceptual onsets. Along with a broader review of right VLPFC function, extant data indicate that stopping and reflexive orienting similarly recruit the inferior frontal junction (IFJ), suggesting that IFJ supports the detection of behaviorally relevant stimuli. By contrast, other right VLPFC subregions are consistently active during motor inhibition, but not reflexive reorienting tasks, with posterior-VLPFC being active during the updating of action plans and mid-VLPFC responding to decision uncertainty. These results highlight the rich functional heterogeneity that exists within right VLPFC.
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overcoming suppression in order to remember contributions from anterior cingulate and Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex
Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 2008Co-Authors: Brice A Kuhl, Itamar Kahn, Nicole M Dudukovic, Anthony D WagnerAbstract:The ability to remember is often compromised by competition from irrelevant memories. However, acts of selective remembering can alter the competitive relationship between memories; memories that are selected against are weakened, whereas those that are retrieved are strengthened. Whereas the weakening of selected-against memories is typically evidenced by subsequently poorer recall of these memories, the present study tested the hypothesis that when previously selected-against memories can subsequently be successfully retrieved, such acts of successful retrieval are associated with engagement of neurobiological mechanisms that serve to detect and overcome competition. Consistent with this hypothesis, fMRI revealed that anterior cingulate Cortex and right Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex are differentially engaged during successful retrieval of previously selected-against memories, and that their engagement is directly related to the magnitude of weakening that is induced by prior acts of selecting against these memories.
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left Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex and the cognitive control of memory
Neuropsychologia, 2007Co-Authors: David Badre, Anthony D WagnerAbstract:Abstract Cognitive control mechanisms permit memory to be accessed strategically, and so aid in bringing knowledge to mind that is relevant to current goals and actions. In this review, we consider the contribution of left Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex (VLPFC) to the cognitive control of memory. Reviewed evidence supports a two-process model of mnemonic control, supported by a double dissociation among rostral regions of left VLPFC. Specifically, anterior VLPFC (∼BA 47; inferior frontal gyrus pars orbitalis) supports controlled access to stored conceptual representations, whereas mid-VLPFC (∼BA 45; inferior frontal gyrus pars triangularis) supports a domain-general selection process that operates post-retrieval to resolve competition among active representations. We discuss the contribution of these control mechanisms across a range of mnemonic domains, including semantic retrieval, recollection of contextual details about past events, resolution of proactive interference in working memory, and task switching. Finally, we consider open directions for future research into left VLPFC function and the cognitive control of memory.
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dissociable controlled retrieval and generalized selection mechanisms in Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex
Neuron, 2005Co-Authors: David Badre, Russell A Poldrack, Juliana E Pareblagoev, Rachel Z Insler, Anthony D WagnerAbstract:How does Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex (VLPFC) control mnemonic processing? Alternative models propose that VLPFC guides top-down (controlled) retrieval of knowledge from long-term stores or selects goal-relevant products of retrieval from among competitors. A paucity of evidence supports a retrieval/selection distinction, raising the possibility that these models reduce to a common mechanism. Here, four manipulations varied semantic control demands during fMRI: judgment specificity, cue-target-associative strength, competitor dominance, and number of competitors. Factor analysis revealed evidence for a metafactor that accounted for common behavioral variance across manipulations and for functional variance in left mid-VLPFC. These data support a generalized control process that selects relevant knowledge from among competitors. By contrast, left anterior VLPFC and middle temporal Cortex were sensitive to cue-target-associative strength, but not competition, consistent with a control process that retrieves knowledge stored in lateral temporal Cortex. Distinct PFC mechanisms mediate top-down retrieval and postretrieval selection.
David Badre - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reviews and perspectives Left Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex and the cognitive control of memory
2020Co-Authors: David Badre, Anthony D WagnerAbstract:Cognitive control mechanisms permit memory to be accessed strategically, and so aid in bringing knowledge to mind that is relevant to current goals and actions. In this review, we consider the contribution of left Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex (VLPFC) to the cognitive control of memory. Reviewed evidence supports a two-process model of mnemonic control, supported by a double dissociation among rostral regions of left VLPFC. Specifically, anterior VLPFC (∼BA 47; inferior frontal gyrus pars orbitalis) supports controlled access to stored conceptual representations, whereas mid-VLPFC (∼BA 45; inferior frontal gyrus pars triangularis) supports a domain-general selection process that operates post-retrieval to resolve competition among active representations. We discuss the contribution of these control mechanisms across a range of mnemonic domains, including semantic retrieval, recollection of contextual details about past events, resolution of proactive interference in working memory, and task switching. Finally, we consider open directions for future research into left VLPFC function and the cognitive control of memory. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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organization of cortico cortical pathways supporting memory retrieval across subregions of the left Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex
Journal of Neurophysiology, 2016Co-Authors: Jennifer Barredo, Timothy D Verstynen, David BadreAbstract:High-angular-resolution diffusion imaging, deterministic tractography, and functional connectivity were used to analyze the connectivity of the human Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex (VLPFC). Eviden...
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left Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex and the cognitive control of memory
Neuropsychologia, 2007Co-Authors: David Badre, Anthony D WagnerAbstract:Abstract Cognitive control mechanisms permit memory to be accessed strategically, and so aid in bringing knowledge to mind that is relevant to current goals and actions. In this review, we consider the contribution of left Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex (VLPFC) to the cognitive control of memory. Reviewed evidence supports a two-process model of mnemonic control, supported by a double dissociation among rostral regions of left VLPFC. Specifically, anterior VLPFC (∼BA 47; inferior frontal gyrus pars orbitalis) supports controlled access to stored conceptual representations, whereas mid-VLPFC (∼BA 45; inferior frontal gyrus pars triangularis) supports a domain-general selection process that operates post-retrieval to resolve competition among active representations. We discuss the contribution of these control mechanisms across a range of mnemonic domains, including semantic retrieval, recollection of contextual details about past events, resolution of proactive interference in working memory, and task switching. Finally, we consider open directions for future research into left VLPFC function and the cognitive control of memory.
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dissociable controlled retrieval and generalized selection mechanisms in Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex
Neuron, 2005Co-Authors: David Badre, Russell A Poldrack, Juliana E Pareblagoev, Rachel Z Insler, Anthony D WagnerAbstract:How does Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex (VLPFC) control mnemonic processing? Alternative models propose that VLPFC guides top-down (controlled) retrieval of knowledge from long-term stores or selects goal-relevant products of retrieval from among competitors. A paucity of evidence supports a retrieval/selection distinction, raising the possibility that these models reduce to a common mechanism. Here, four manipulations varied semantic control demands during fMRI: judgment specificity, cue-target-associative strength, competitor dominance, and number of competitors. Factor analysis revealed evidence for a metafactor that accounted for common behavioral variance across manipulations and for functional variance in left mid-VLPFC. These data support a generalized control process that selects relevant knowledge from among competitors. By contrast, left anterior VLPFC and middle temporal Cortex were sensitive to cue-target-associative strength, but not competition, consistent with a control process that retrieves knowledge stored in lateral temporal Cortex. Distinct PFC mechanisms mediate top-down retrieval and postretrieval selection.
Michael Petrides - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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left mid Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex underlying principles of function
European Journal of Neuroscience, 2008Co-Authors: Penelope Kostopoulos, Michael PetridesAbstract:There is a growing body of evidence indicating that the mid-Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex in the left hemisphere is involved in some aspect of controlled verbal memory retrieval. Its precise role, however, remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that when stimuli in memory are related to each other in multiple ways, and therefore familiarity, strong constant stimulus-stimulus links or contextual cues are not sufficient for successful retrieval, control processing emanating from the mid-Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex is required to disambiguate and select the appropriate information among memory traces. We refer to this type of retrieval as active retrieval to distinguish it from automatic retrieval which depends on the simple reactivation of memory traces. Normal human subjects were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging while they performed three memory tasks that varied in their demands on active retrieval of verbal information. As the demands on active retrieval increased, there was an increase in the activity within the mid-Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex, bilaterally, but with more prominent activity in the left hemisphere. These activity increases correlated with activity in the posterior temporal region which, in the left hemisphere, is involved in language processing. No significant activity increases were observed in any other Prefrontal region. Furthermore, for the retrieval of well-learned verbally cued conditional motor associations, there were no activity increases in the mid-Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex. The present findings provide strong support for the hypothesis that the mid-Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex, particularly in the left hemisphere, plays a major role in the active retrieval of information from verbal memory.
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the mid Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex insights into its role in memory retrieval
European Journal of Neuroscience, 2003Co-Authors: Penelope Kostopoulos, Michael PetridesAbstract:Although it is widely known that the Prefrontal Cortex plays a role in memory, the specific contribution of particular Prefrontal regions in mnemonic functions remains controversial. The present investigation examined whether the mid-Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex is selectively involved in active memory retrieval in situations in which mnemonic traces are embedded in ambiguous relations and automatic recollection cannot lead to successful retrieval. Thirteen subjects participated in this event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment. Throughout the scanning session, trials belonging to an experimental and a control condition were administered in a pseudorandom fashion. During the encoding phase of any particular trial, subjects were presented with a stimulus-complex that was a combination of a face and a spatial location on the screen. In the experimental active retrieval condition, a question cue following the encoding phase instructed the subjects to retrieve selectively one of the two aspects of the encoded stimulus-complex, i.e. the face or the location. In the control condition, the question cue that followed the encoding phase instructed the subjects simply to recall the initially presented stimulus-complex, so as to be able to make a decision during the test phase based on simple stimulus familiarity. The comparison of the signal obtained during the retrieval phase of these two conditions yielded an increase in activity selective to the right mid-Ventrolateral Prefrontal region. These results therefore establish a specific link between the mid-Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex and active retrieval mechanisms.
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the mid Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex and active mnemonic retrieval
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 2002Co-Authors: Michael PetridesAbstract:The role of the mid-Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex in memory retrieval is examined and compared with the role of the mid-dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in the monitoring of information in memory. It has been argued that the mid-Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex (areas 47/12 and 45) is involved in the active retrieval of information from posterior cortical association areas. Active retrieval is required when stimuli in memory do not bear stable relations to each other and therefore retrieval cannot be automatically driven by strong, stable, and unambiguous stimulus or context relations. Data from functional activation studies with normal human subjects are presented that have demonstrated specific changes in activity within the mid-Ventrolateral region of the frontal Cortex in relation to the active retrieval of information from memory. By contrast, increases in activity in the mid-dorsolateral region of the frontal Cortex occur when the performance of the tasks requires monitoring of information in memory.
Juho Joutsa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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no effects of stimulating the left Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex with tdcs on verbal working memory updating
Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2018Co-Authors: Karolina M Lukasik, Minna Lehtonen, Juha Salmi, Marcus Meinzer, Juho JoutsaAbstract:The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex functions, such as working memory (WM), have been examined in a number of studies. However, much less is known about the behavioral effects of tDCS over other important WM-related brain regions, such as the Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex (VLPFC). In a counterbalanced within-subjects design with 33 young healthy participants, we examined whether online and offline single-session tDCS over VLPFC affects WM updating performance as measured by a digit 3-back task. We compared three conditions: anodal, cathodal and sham. We observed no significant tDCS effects on participants’ accuracy or reaction times during or after the stimulation. Neither did we find any differences between anodal and cathodal stimulation. Largely similar results were obtained when comparing subgroups of high- and low-performing participants. Possible reasons for the lack of effects, including individual differences in responsiveness to tDCS, features of montage, task and sample characteristics, and the role of VLPFC in working memory, are discussed.
Mark G Baxter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex is required for performance of a strategy implementation task but not reinforcer devaluation effects in rhesus monkeys
European Journal of Neuroscience, 2009Co-Authors: Mark G Baxter, David Gaffan, Diana A Kyriazis, Anna S MitchellAbstract:The ability to apply behavioral strategies to obtain rewards efficiently and make choices based on changes in the value of rewards is fundamental to the adaptive control of behavior. The extent to which different regions of the Prefrontal Cortex are required for specific kinds of decisions is not well understood. We tested rhesus monkeys with bilateral ablations of the Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex on tasks that required the use of behavioral strategies to optimize the rate with which rewards were accumulated, or to modify choice behavior in response to changes in the value of particular rewards. Monkeys with Ventrolateral Prefrontal lesions were impaired in performing the strategy-based task, but not on value-based decision-making. In contrast, orbital Prefrontal ablations produced the opposite impairments in the same tasks. These findings support the conclusion that independent neural systems within the Prefrontal Cortex are necessary for control of choice behavior based on strategies or on stimulus value.
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perseverative interference with object in place scene learning in rhesus monkeys with bilateral ablation of Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex
Learning & Memory, 2008Co-Authors: Mark G Baxter, Philip G F Browning, Anna S MitchellAbstract:Surgical disconnection of the frontal Cortex and inferotemporal Cortex severely impairs many aspects of visual learning and memory, including learning of new object-in-place scene memory problems, a monkey model of episodic memory. As part of a study of specialization within Prefrontal Cortex in visual learning and memory, we tested monkeys with bilateral ablations of Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex in object-in-place scene learning. These monkeys were mildly impaired in scene learning relative to their own preoperative performance, similar in severity to that of monkeys with bilateral ablation of orbital Prefrontal Cortex. An analysis of response types showed that the monkeys with lesions were specifically impaired in responding to negative feedback during learning: The post-operative increase in errors was limited to trials in which the first response to each new problem, made on the basis of trial and error, was incorrect. This perseverative pattern of deficit was not observed in the same analysis of response types in monkeys with bilateral ablations of the orbital Prefrontal Cortex, who were equally impaired on trials with correct and incorrect first responses. This may represent a specific signature of Ventrolateral Prefrontal involvement in episodic learning and memory.
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neurotoxic lesions of Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex impair object in place scene memory
European Journal of Neuroscience, 2007Co-Authors: Charles R E Wilson, David Gaffan, Anna S Mitchell, Mark G BaxterAbstract:Disconnection of the frontal lobe from the inferotemporal Cortex produces deficits in a number of cognitive tasks that require the application of memory-dependent rules to visual stimuli. The specific regions of frontal Cortex that interact with the temporal lobe in performance of these tasks remain undefined. One capacity that is impaired by frontal–temporal disconnection is rapid learning of new object-in-place scene problems, in which visual discriminations between two small typographic characters are learned in the context of different visually complex scenes. In the present study, we examined whether neurotoxic lesions of Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex in one hemisphere, combined with ablation of inferior temporal Cortex in the contralateral hemisphere, would impair learning of new object-in-place scene problems. Male macaque monkeys learned 10 or 20 new object-in-place problems in each daily test session. Unilateral neurotoxic lesions of Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex produced by multiple injections of a mixture of ibotenate and N-methyl-d-aspartate did not affect performance. However, when disconnection from inferotemporal Cortex was completed by ablating this region contralateral to the neurotoxic Prefrontal lesion, new learning was substantially impaired. Sham disconnection (injecting saline instead of neurotoxin contralateral to the inferotemporal lesion) did not affect performance. These findings support two conclusions: first, that the Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex is a critical area within the frontal lobe for scene memory; and second, the effects of ablations of Prefrontal Cortex can be confidently attributed to the loss of cell bodies within the Prefrontal Cortex rather than to interruption of fibres of passage through the lesioned area.