Velvetleaf

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John L Lindquist - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effects of nitrogen supply on the root morphology of corn and Velvetleaf
    Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2009
    Co-Authors: Kimberly D Bonifas, John L Lindquist
    Abstract:

    Root morphology will affect interplant competition for soil nutrients. Research was conducted to assess fine root fraction, mean root radius, specific root length, root length density, and nitrogen (N) uptake per unit fine root biomass of corn and Velvetleaf over time and in response to nitrogen supply. Pots containing either corn or Velvetleaf were embedded in the ground and received one of three N treatments. Plants were destructively sampled on 10 dates during each of two years and root subsamples analyzed using root scanning software. While corn root morphology was more responsive to N supply than Velvetleaf, Velvetleaf N uptake per unit fine root length was greater than that of corn at similar biomass. Results suggest that, in lieu of modifying root morphology to increase uptake efficiency when N is deficient, Velvetleaf may in vest more root biomass to produce a deeper tap root to reach nutrients deeper in the profile.

  • corn Velvetleaf abutilon theophrasti interference is affected by sublethal doses of postemergence herbicides
    Weed Science, 2007
    Co-Authors: Brescia R M Terra, Alex Martin, John L Lindquist
    Abstract:

    Abstract Injury to weeds from sublethal doses of POST herbicides may reduce the effect of weed interference on crop yield. Information on how herbicide dose influences weed mortality, growth, and seed production is needed to assess the potential benefit of applying reduced herbicide doses. Field experiments were conducted at Mead, NE, in 2001 and 2002 to quantify Velvetleaf mortality, growth, and corn–Velvetleaf interference in response to varying doses of three POST herbicides. Untreated Velvetleaf at six densities (0, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 20 plants m−1 corn row) was grown in mixture with corn to establish a baseline corn–Velvetleaf interference relationship. Treated Velvetleaf at a density of 20 plants m−1 row received one of five doses of dicamba, halosulfuron, or flumiclorac. Untreated Velvetleaf height, biomass, and seed capsule production were greater in 2002 than 2001 and declined with increasing Velvetleaf density in both years. Corn yield was not affected by untreated Velvetleaf in 2001, but yield lo...

  • comparative nitrogen uptake and distribution in corn and Velvetleaf abutilon theophrasti
    Weed Science, 2007
    Co-Authors: John L Lindquist, Alex Martin, Stevan Z Knezevic, Darren C Barker, Daniel T Walters
    Abstract:

    Abstract Weeds compete with crops for light, soil water, and nutrients. Nitrogen (N) is the primary limiting soil nutrient. Forecasting the effects of N on growth, development, and interplant competition requires accurate prediction of N uptake and distribution within plants. Field studies were conducted in 1999 and 2000 to determine the effects of variable N addition on monoculture corn and Velvetleaf N uptake, the relationship between plant N concentration ([N]) and total biomass, the fraction of N partitioned to leaves, and predicted N uptake and leaf N content. Cumulative N uptake of both species was generally greater in 2000 than in 1999 and tended to increase with increasing N addition. Corn and Velvetleaf [N] declined with increasing biomass in both years in a predictable manner. The fraction of N partitioned to corn and Velvetleaf leaves varied with thermal time from emergence but was not influenced by year, N addition, or weed density. With the use of the [N]–biomass relationship to forecast N de...

  • effect of nitrogen addition on the comparative productivity of corn and Velvetleaf abutilon theophrasti
    Weed Science, 2006
    Co-Authors: Darren C Barker, Alex Martin, Stevan Z Knezevic, Daniel T Walters, John L Lindquist
    Abstract:

    Abstract Weeds that respond more to nitrogen fertilizer than crops may be more competitive under high nitrogen (N) conditions. Therefore, understanding the effects of nitrogen on crop and weed growth and competition is critical. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in 1999 and 2000 to determine the influence of varying levels of N addition on corn and Velvetleaf height, leaf area, biomass accumulation, and yield. Nitrogen addition increased corn and Velvetleaf height by a maximum of 15 and 68%, respectively. N addition increased corn and Velvetleaf maximum leaf area index (LAI) by up to 51 and 90%. Corn and Velvetleaf maximum biomass increased by up to 68 and 89% with N addition. Competition from corn had the greatest effect on Velvetleaf growth, reducing its biomass by up to 90% compared with monoculture Velvetleaf. Corn response to N addition was less than that of Velvetleaf, indicating that Velvetleaf may be most competitive at high levels of nitrogen and least competitive when nitrogen le...

  • nitrogen supply affects root shoot ratio in corn and Velvetleaf abutilon theophrasti
    Weed Science, 2005
    Co-Authors: Kimberly D Bonifas, Daniel T Walters, Kenneth G Cassman, John L Lindquist
    Abstract:

    Abstract Competitive outcome between crops and weeds is affected by partitioning of new biomass to above- and belowground plant organs in response to nutrient supply. This study determined the fraction of biomass partitioned to roots vs. shoots in corn and Velvetleaf in response to nitrogen (N) supply. Pots measuring 28 cm in diam and 60 cm deep were embedded in the ground and each contained one plant of either corn or Velvetleaf. Each plant received one of three N treatments: 0, 1, or 3 g N applied as ammonium nitrate in 2001, and 0, 2, or 6 g N in 2002. Measurements of total above- and belowground biomass were made at 10 sampling dates during each growing season. The root:shoot ratio decreased over time for both corn and Velvetleaf as a result of normal plant growth and as N supply increased. Root:shoot ratio was greater for corn than for Velvetleaf at comparable stages of development and at all levels of N supply. Both corn and Velvetleaf display true plasticity in biomass partitioning patterns in resp...

Mengyun Ren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effects of sublethal herbicides on offspring germination and seedling growth redroot pigweed amaranthus retroflexus vs Velvetleaf abutilon theophrasti
    Science of The Total Environment, 2018
    Co-Authors: Caiyun Zhao, Xiao Guan, Bing Yan, Mengyun Ren
    Abstract:

    The effects of sublethal doses of herbicides on plants cannot be ignored, yet little is known about the effects of sublethal doses of herbicides on the F1 generation of plants. Seed germination and seedling growth of native and invasive plants following the sublethal exposure of parent plants to herbicides were comparatively analyzed in this study. Sublethal atrazine and tribenuron-methyl had carry-over effects on the germination and seedling growth of the F1 generation of invasive redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and native Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medicus), both of which had different responses to the carry-over effects of sublethal herbicide. The germination percentage of the F1 redroot pigweed (decreased) was greater than that of the F1 Velvetleaf (increased or not significantly changed) following parental exposure to atrazine or tribenuron-methyl. Atrazine reduced the radical growth of 7-day-old Velvetleaf seedlings and decreased the difference in seedling length between Velvetleaf and redroot pigweed, while tribenuron-methyl had no significant effects on the growth of 7-day-old Velvetleaf seedlings. The herbicide inhibition effect on the germination and growth of F1 Velvetleaf and redroot pigweed did not increase as the sublethal dose increased. This study suggests that carry-over effects of sublethal herbicides weaken the growth advantage of the F1 Velvetleaf at the seedling stage and may have a more negative influence on progeny population development of native Velvetleaf compared with invasive redroot pigweed.

Caiyun Zhao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effects of sublethal herbicides on offspring germination and seedling growth redroot pigweed amaranthus retroflexus vs Velvetleaf abutilon theophrasti
    Science of The Total Environment, 2018
    Co-Authors: Caiyun Zhao, Xiao Guan, Bing Yan, Mengyun Ren
    Abstract:

    The effects of sublethal doses of herbicides on plants cannot be ignored, yet little is known about the effects of sublethal doses of herbicides on the F1 generation of plants. Seed germination and seedling growth of native and invasive plants following the sublethal exposure of parent plants to herbicides were comparatively analyzed in this study. Sublethal atrazine and tribenuron-methyl had carry-over effects on the germination and seedling growth of the F1 generation of invasive redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and native Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medicus), both of which had different responses to the carry-over effects of sublethal herbicide. The germination percentage of the F1 redroot pigweed (decreased) was greater than that of the F1 Velvetleaf (increased or not significantly changed) following parental exposure to atrazine or tribenuron-methyl. Atrazine reduced the radical growth of 7-day-old Velvetleaf seedlings and decreased the difference in seedling length between Velvetleaf and redroot pigweed, while tribenuron-methyl had no significant effects on the growth of 7-day-old Velvetleaf seedlings. The herbicide inhibition effect on the germination and growth of F1 Velvetleaf and redroot pigweed did not increase as the sublethal dose increased. This study suggests that carry-over effects of sublethal herbicides weaken the growth advantage of the F1 Velvetleaf at the seedling stage and may have a more negative influence on progeny population development of native Velvetleaf compared with invasive redroot pigweed.

Amit J Jhala - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • control of Velvetleaf abutilon theophrasti at two heights with post herbicides in nebraska popcorn
    Weed Technology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Ethann R Barnes, Stevan Z Knezevic, Nevin C Lawrence, Suat Irmak, Oscar Rodriguez, Amit J Jhala
    Abstract:

    Velvetleaf is an economically important weed in popcorn production fields in Nebraska. Many PRE herbicides in popcorn have limited residual activity or provide partial Velvetleaf control. There are a limited number of herbicides applied POST in popcorn compared with field corn, necessitating the evaluation of POST herbicides for control of Velvetleaf. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the efficacy and crop safety of labeled POST herbicides for controlling Velvetleaf that survived S-metolachlor/atrazine applied PRE and (2) determine the effect of Velvetleaf height on POST herbicide efficacy, popcorn injury, and yield. Field experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 near Clay Center, Nebraska. The experiments were arranged in a split-plot design with four replications. The main plot treatments were Velvetleaf height (≤15 cm and ≤30 cm) and subplot treatments included a no-POST herbicide control, and 11 POST herbicide programs. Fluthiacet-methyl, fluthiacet-methyl/mesotrione, carfentrazone-ethyl, dicamba, and dicamba/diflufenzopyr provided greater than 96% Velvetleaf control 28 d after treatment (DAT), reduced Velvetleaf density to fewer than 7 plants m–2, achieved 99% to 100% biomass reduction, and had no effect on popcorn yield. Herbicide programs tested in this study provided greater than 98% control of Velvetleaf 28 DAT in 2019. Most POST herbicide programs in this study provided greater than 90% control of up to 15 cm and up to 30 cm Velvetleaf and no differences between Velvetleaf heights in density, biomass reduction, or popcorn yield were observed, except with topramezone and nicosulfuron/mesotrione 28 DAT in 2018. On the basis of contrast analysis, herbicide programs with fluthiacet-methyl or dicamba provided better control than herbicide programs without them at 28 DAT in 2018. It is concluded that POST herbicides are available for control of Velvetleaf up to 30-cm tall in popcorn production fields.Nomenclature: Atrazine; carfentrazone-ethyl; dicamba; diflufenzopyr; fluthiacet-methyl; mesotrione; S-metolachlor; nicosulfuron; topramezone; Velvetleaf; Abutilon theophrasti Medik; field corn, Zea mays L. var. indentata; popcorn, Zea mays L. var. everta

  • palmer amaranth amaranthus palmeri and Velvetleaf abutilon theophrasti control in no tillage conventional non genetically engineered soybean using overlapping residual herbicide programs
    Weed Technology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Debalin Sarangi, Amit J Jhala
    Abstract:

    Due to depressed corn and soybean prices over the last few years in the United States, growers in Nebraska are showing interest in no-tillage (hereafter referred to as no-till) conventional (non–genetically engineered [non-GE]) soybean production. Due to the increasing number of herbicide-resistant weeds in the United States, weed control in no-till non-GE soybean using POST herbicides is a challenge. The objectives of this study were to compare PRE-only, PRE followed by (fb) POST, and PRE fb POST with residual (POST-WR) herbicide programs for Palmer amaranth and Velvetleaf control and soybean injury and yield, as well as to estimate the gross profit margins and benefit–cost ratio of herbicide programs. A field experiment was conducted in 2016 and 2017 at Clay Center, NE. The PRE herbicides tested in this study resulted in ≥95% Palmer amaranth and Velvetleaf control at 28 d after PRE (DAPRE). Averaged across the programs, the PRE-only program controlled Palmer amaranth 66%, whereas 86% and 97% control was obtained with the PRE fb POST and PRE fb POST-WR programs, respectively, at 28 d after POST (DAPOST). At 28 DAPOST, the PRE fb POST herbicide programs controlled Velvetleaf 94%, whereas the PRE-only program resulted in 85% control. Mixing soil-residual herbicides with foliar-active POST programs did not improve Velvetleaf control. Averaged across herbicide programs, PRE fb POST programs increased soybean yield by 10% and 41% in 2016 and 2017, respectively, over the PRE-only programs. Moreover, PRE fb POST-WR programs produced 7% and 40% higher soybean yield in 2016 and 2017, respectively, compared with the PRE fb POST programs. The gross profit margin (US$1,184.3 ha-1) was highest under flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone (PRE) fb fluthiacet-methyl plus S-metolachlor/fomesafen (POST-WR) treatment; however, the benefit–cost ratio was highest (6.1) with the PRE-only program of flumioxazin/chlorimuron-ethyl.Nomenclature: Chlorimuron-ethyl; flumioxazin; fluthiacetmethyl; fomesafen; pyroxasulfone; S-metolachlor; Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus Palmeri S. Watson; Velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medik; corn, Zea mays L.; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr

  • palmer amaranth amaranthus palmeri and Velvetleaf abutilon theophrasti control in no tillage conventional non genetically engineered soybean using overlapping residual herbicide programs
    Weed Technology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Debalin Sarangi, Amit J Jhala
    Abstract:

    Due to depressed corn and soybean prices over the last few years in the United States, growers in Nebraska are showing interest in no-tillage (hereafter referred to as no-till) conventional (non–genetically engineered [non-GE]) soybean production. Due to the increasing number of herbicide-resistant weeds in the United States, weed control in no-till non-GE soybean using POST herbicides is a challenge. The objectives of this study were to compare PRE-only, PRE followed by (fb) POST, and PRE fb POST with residual (POST-WR) herbicide programs for Palmer amaranth and Velvetleaf control and soybean injury and yield, as well as to estimate the gross profit margins and benefit–cost ratio of herbicide programs. A field experiment was conducted in 2016 and 2017 at Clay Center, NE. The PRE herbicides tested in this study resulted in ≥95% Palmer amaranth and Velvetleaf control at 28 d after PRE (DAPRE). Averaged across the programs, the PRE-only program controlled Palmer amaranth 66%, whereas 86% and 97% control was obtained with the PRE fb POST and PRE fb POST-WR programs, respectively, at 28 d after POST (DAPOST). At 28 DAPOST, the PRE fb POST herbicide programs controlled Velvetleaf 94%, whereas the PRE-only program resulted in 85% control. Mixing soil-residual herbicides with foliar-active POST programs did not improve Velvetleaf control. Averaged across herbicide programs, PRE fb POST programs increased soybean yield by 10% and 41% in 2016 and 2017, respectively, over the PRE-only programs. Moreover, PRE fb POST-WR programs produced 7% and 40% higher soybean yield in 2016 and 2017, respectively, compared with the PRE fb POST programs. The gross profit margin (US$1,184.3 ha−1) was highest under flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone (PRE) fb fluthiacet-methyl plus S-metolachlor/fomesafen (POST-WR) treatment; however, the benefit–cost ratio was highest (6.1) with the PRE-only program of flumioxazin/chlorimuron-ethyl.

Karen A Renner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • maternal and burial environment effects on seed mortality of Velvetleaf abutilon theophrasti and giant foxtail setaria faberi
    Weed Science, 2008
    Co-Authors: Brian J Schutte, Adam S. Davis, Karen A Renner, John Cardina
    Abstract:

    The primary defense against seed mortality, the seed coat, is maternally derived. Hence, weed seed mortality in the soil seedbank is likely to be influenced by the maternal environment and genetics. We hypothesized that seed accessions from contrasting maternal environments (seed lots) exhibit different rates of seed mortality and that the relative differences among seed lots remain consistent across burial environments. Velvetleaf and giant foxtail annual seed mortality rates were studied in field experiments in Hickory Corners, MI, and Wooster, OH, using seed lots collected from the same locations. Seeds enclosed within mesh bags and unenclosed seeds (‘‘seeded cores’’) exhibited similar levels of seedbank persistence (r 5 0.90, P , 0.001) and seed mortality (r 5 0.65, P 5 0.006). Annual seed mortality rates ranged from 16 to 56% and 27 to 91% for seed lots of Velvetleaf and giant foxtail, respectively. Relative differences among Velvetleaf seed lots were consistent across burial environments in both years, whereas giant foxtail differences were consistent in only 1 of 2 yr. The relative ranks among Velvetleaf seed lots varied between years, indicating that maternal environment may have influenced seed persistence more than seed-lot genetics. Within years, variation in seed mortality was predicted by changes in soil moisture in the burial environment (R 2 5 0.47, P , 0.001 for Velvetleaf; R 2 5 0.34, P 5 0.007 for giant foxtail). Accelerated seed mortality was associated with moist soils (soil water potential 52 6 kPa for Velvetleaf, 27 kPa for giant foxtail). These results suggest that agronomic practices affecting the maternal environment and moisture levels in the soil seedbank may promote weed seed mortality in the soil seedbank. Nomenclature: Giant foxtail, Setaria faberi Herrm. SETFA; Velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medik. ABUTH.

  • feeding preferences of weed seed predators and effect on weed emergence
    Weed Science, 2007
    Co-Authors: Sharon S White, Karen A Renner, Fabian D Menalled, Douglas A Landis
    Abstract:

    Abstract We determined feeding preferences of invertebrate seed predators and the effect of seed predation on weed emergence. Feeding choice studies were completed with three species of common ground beetles: (Amara aenea DeGeer, Anisodactylus sanctaecrucis F., and Harpalus pensylvanicus DeGeer) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and the northern field cricket (Gryllus pennsylvanicus DeGeer) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Anisodactylus sanctaecrucis, H. pensylvanicus, and the female and male G. pennsylvanicus consumed more redroot pigweed seeds compared with giant foxtail seeds; A. aenea seed consumption did not differ between these two weed species. All invertebrates consumed fewer Velvetleaf seeds compared with redroot pigweed and giant foxtail seeds; however, when seed biomass was compared, A. aenea consumed similar biomass of Velvetleaf, giant foxtail, and redroot pigweed, whereas A. sanctaecrucis and H. pensylvanicus consumed greater biomass of Velvetleaf compared with giant foxtail seed. Seed burial depths of 0.5 or...

  • influence of seed depth and pathogens on fatal germination of Velvetleaf abutilon theophrasti and giant foxtail setaria faberi
    Weed Science, 2007
    Co-Authors: Adam S. Davis, Karen A Renner
    Abstract:

    Abstract Fatal germination of weed seeds occurs when a weed seed germinates, but the seedling dies before reaching the soil surface. Controlled-environment bioassays of Velvetleaf and giant foxtail seed fate in Michigan field soil (Kalamazoo silt loam, 1.1% soil organic matter) were used to determine the role of pathogenic fungi and seed burial depth in fatal germination of these species. Fatal germination at 2 cm seed depth was nonexistent for giant foxtail, and rare (< 10% of seeds studied) for Velvetleaf. At greater depths, fatal germination remained close to zero for giant foxtail, whereas it increased to as high as 40% for Velvetleaf at a 10-cm burial depth. Cultures taken from fatally germinated Velvetleaf seedlings were found to contain Pythium ultimum, a soilborne pathogen known as the causal agent for pea root rot. When samples of infected media taken from these cultures were used to inoculate field soil in pots, fatal germination of Velvetleaf from depths of 4 to 6 cm increased, compared with fi...

  • interaction of glyphosate with postemergence soybean glycine max herbicides
    Weed Science, 1997
    Co-Authors: Julie M Lich, Karen A Renner, Donald Penner
    Abstract:

    Donald Penner Department of Crop and Soil Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential for antagonistic or synergistic interactions from tank mixtures of glyphosate plus a selective herbicide applied postemergence. In the greenhouse, glyphosate at 420 g ae ha-1 plus 28% liquid urea-ammonium nitrate (28% UAN) provided at least 89% control of common lambsquarters and common ragweed. Glyphosate at 1,680 g ha-1 plus 28% UAN provided less than 81% control of Velvetleaf and less than 75% control of ivyleaf morningglory. Tank mixing bentazon at 1,120 g ai ha-1 with glyphosate at 420 g ha-1 synergistically increased control of Velvetleaf. Tank mixtures of glyphosate plus a selective herbicide were predominately additive in control of common lambsquarters, common ragweed, and Velvetleaf. Several tank mix combinations of chlorimuron or imazethapyr plus glyphosate plus 28% UAN were antagonistic in control of ivyleaf morningglory. In the field, glyphosate at 840 g ha-1 plus 28% UAN provided at least 88% control of common lambsquarters and Velvetleaf in 1994. However, glyphosate at 840 g haI plus 28% UAN provided only 60% control of Velvetleaf in 1995. Tank-mixing bentazon or CGA-248757 with glyphosate at 420 g ha-I increased Velvetleaf and common lambsquarters control in 1995. In general, adding chlorimuron, imazethapyr, or thifensulfuron to glyphosate plus 28% UAN did not increase control of common lambsquarters or Velvetleaf. Tank mixing imazethapyr with glyphosate plus 28% UAN antagonized Velvetleaf control in 1994 and in 1995. The tank mixture of thifensulfuron at 2 g ha-l plus glyphosate at 420 g ha-1 plus 28% UAN increased soybean injury in the field in 1994. However, tank mixing chlorimuron, imazethapyr, or thifensulfuron with glyphosate plus 28% UAN did not increase soybean injury in the greenhouse or in the field in 1995.

  • Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) and sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) response to triflusulfuron and desmedipham plus phenmedipham
    Weed Technology, 1996
    Co-Authors: Robert J. Starke, Karen A Renner
    Abstract:

    Velvetleaf control and sugarbeet response to POST triflusulfuron applied alone and in combination with desmedipham plus phenmedipham, nonionic surfactant, and urea ammonium nitrate (50:50) were evaluated in the greenhouse (Velvetleaf only) and field. In a second field study, the effect of POST applications of triflusulfuron, desmedipham plus phenmedipham, ethofumesate, endothall, or combinations of these herbicides on sugarbeet root yield and quality was determined in the absence of weeds. Triflusulfuron controlled Velvetleaf only when nonionic surfactant (NIS) was added to the spray solution. Desmedipham plus phenmedipham plus triflusulfuron gave greater Velvetleaf control than triflusulfuron in the absence of NIS in the field. However, adding desmedipham plus phenmedipham to triflusulfuron plus NIS decreased Velvetleaf control in the greenhouse. Adding desmedipham plus phenmedipham to triflusulfuron plus NIS increased visible sugarbeet response compared to triflusulfuron plus nonionic surfactant or desmedipham plus phenmedipham 14 d after the last POST application in 1994. In the absence of weeds, POST herbicide applications that included triflusulfuron did not reduce sugarbeet root yield more than other POST herbicides.