Vending Machines

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Panagiotis Giannopoulos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Dollar Shave Club is moving into fragrance
    internal, 2018
    Co-Authors: Panagiotis Giannopoulos
    Abstract:

    will be testing its first physical retail play next week via vending machines featuring trial-size versions of all DSC product. The machines will be located … these DSC-branded vending machines in airports, train stations, sports stadiums and malls will give the company the chance to provide products immediately when

Frank J Chaloupka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • how state taxes and policies targeting soda consumption modify the association between school Vending Machines and student dietary behaviors a cross sectional analysis
    PLOS ONE, 2014
    Co-Authors: Daniel R Taber, Jamie F Chriqui, Renee Vuillaume, Frank J Chaloupka
    Abstract:

    Background Sodas are widely sold in Vending Machines and other school venues in the United States, particularly in high school. Research suggests that policy changes have reduced soda access, but the impact of reduced access on consumption is unclear. This study was designed to identify student, environmental, or policy characteristics that modify the associations between school Vending Machines and student dietary behaviors. Methods Data on school Vending machine access and student diet were obtained as part of the National Youth Physical Activity and Nutrition Study (NYPANS) and linked to state-level data on soda taxes, restaurant taxes, and state laws governing the sale of soda in schools. Regression models were used to: 1) estimate associations between Vending machine access and soda consumption, fast food consumption, and lunch source, and 2) determine if associations were modified by state soda taxes, restaurant taxes, laws banning in-school soda sales, or student characteristics (race/ethnicity, sex, home food access, weight loss behaviors.) Results Contrary to the hypothesis, students tended to consume 0.53 fewer servings of soda/week (95% CI: -1.17, 0.11) and consume fast food on 0.24 fewer days/week (95% CI: -0.44, -0.05) if they had in-school access to Vending Machines. They were also less likely to consume soda daily (23.9% vs. 27.9%, average difference = -4.02, 95% CI: -7.28, -0.76). However, these inverse associations were observed primarily among states with lower soda and restaurant tax rates (relative to general food tax rates) and states that did not ban in-school soda sales. Associations did not vary by any student characteristics except for weight loss behaviors. Conclusion Isolated changes to the school food environment may have unintended consequences unless policymakers incorporate other initiatives designed to discourage overall soda consumption.

  • state sales tax rates for soft drinks and snacks sold through grocery stores and Vending Machines 2007
    Journal of Public Health Policy, 2008
    Co-Authors: Jamie F Chriqui, Shelby Smith Eidson, Hannalori Bates, Shelly Kowalczyk, Frank J Chaloupka
    Abstract:

    Junk food consumption is associated with rising obesity rates in the United States. While a “junk food” specific tax is a potential public health intervention, a majority of states already impose sales taxes on certain junk food and soft drinks. This study reviews the state sales tax variance for soft drinks and selected snack products sold through grocery stores and Vending Machines as of January 2007. Sales taxes vary by state, intended retail location (grocery store vs. Vending machine), and product. Vended snacks and soft drinks are taxed at a higher rate than grocery items and other food products, generally, indicative of a “disfavored” tax status attributed to vended items. Soft drinks, candy, and gum are taxed at higher rates than are other items examined. Similar tax schemes in other countries and the potential implications of these findings relative to the relationship between price and consumption are discussed.

Sean D Young - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Vending Machines in commercial sex venues to increase hiv self testing among men who have sex with men
    mHealth, 2018
    Co-Authors: Chrysovalantis Stafylis, Sean D Young, Lauren Natoli, Jamie Murkey, Kristie K Gordon, Mark R Mcgrath, Jeffrey D Klausner
    Abstract:

    Background: Commercial sex venues (CSV), bathhouses and sex clubs, have a long history of serving a high-risk population. In those facilities, patrons engage in multiple sexual encounters and often in high-risk sexual behaviors. Designing prevention interventions specifically for CSVs could be an effective way to increase testing and control HIV transmission. Methods: In collaboration with the AIDS Healthcare Foundation (AHF), our team distributed free HIV self-test kits using Vending Machines located at two CSVs in Los Angeles, California. Test kit dispensing rate was monitored remotely. Patrons receiving a test kit were surveyed regarding their testing experience, test result and follow up. Linkage to care was offered to participants. Results: During 18 months, 1,398 kits were dispensed. The survey was completed by 110 patrons (response rate =7.9%). Among those who reported that they used the test kit (n=96), 17 (17.7%) participants reported a first-time reactive HIV result. At the time of the survey, six participants with reactive results reported seeking confirmatory testing and linkage to care and four had initiated treatment. Two participants requested linkage-to-care assistance. Participants reported valuing the privacy and convenience of the Vending machine but were skeptical on the accuracy of their result. The startup cost, including the purchase of two Vending Machines, was $10,000 and the recurring cost (monitoring, test kits, personnel) was $33.81 per kit vended. Conclusions: While survey response was low, our results demonstrate that an intervention using Vending Machines and HIV self-test kits in CSVs was acceptable, feasible, used by the CSV patrons and can help identify new HIV cases.

  • acceptability of using electronic Vending Machines to deliver oral rapid hiv self testing kits a qualitative study
    PLOS ONE, 2014
    Co-Authors: Sean D Young, Joseph Daniels, Chingche J Chiu, Robert K Bolan, Risa Flynn, Justin Kwok, Jeffrey D Klausner
    Abstract:

    Introduction: Rates of unrecognized HIV infection are significantly higher among Latino and Black men who have sex with men (MSM). Policy makers have proposed that HIV self-testing kits and new methods for delivering self-testing could improve testing uptake among minority MSM. This study sought to conduct qualitative assessments with MSM of color to determine the acceptability of using electronic Vending Machines to dispense HIV self-testing kits. Materials and Methods: African American and Latino MSM were recruited using a participant pool from an existing HIV prevention trial on Facebook. If participants expressed interest in using a Vending machine to receive an HIV self-testing kit, they were emailed a 4-digit personal identification number (PIN) code to retrieve the test from the machine. We followed up with those who had tested to assess their willingness to participate in an interview about their experience. Results: Twelve kits were dispensed and 8 interviews were conducted. In general, participants expressed that the Vending machine was an acceptable HIV test delivery method due to its novelty and convenience. Discussion: Acceptability of this delivery model for HIV testing kits was closely associated with three main factors: credibility, confidentiality, and convenience. Future research is needed to address issues, such as user-induced errors and costs, before scaling up the dispensing method.

  • Electronic Vending Machines for dispensing rapid HIV self-testing kits: A case study
    AIDS Care - Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS HIV, 2014
    Co-Authors: Sean D Young, Jeffrey Klausner, Risa Fynn, Robert Bolan
    Abstract:

    This short report evaluates the feasibility of using electronic Vending Machines for dispensing oral, fluid, rapid HIV self-testing kits in Los Angeles County. Feasibility criteria that needed to be addressed were defined as: (1) ability to find a manufacturer who would allow dispensing of HIV testing kits and could fit them to the dimensions of a Vending machine, (2) ability to identify and address potential initial obstacles, trade-offs in choosing a machine location, and (3) ability to gain community approval for implementing this approach in a community setting. To address these issues, we contracted a Vending machine company who could supply a customized, Internet-enabled machine that could dispense HIV kits and partnered with a local health center available to host the machine onsite and provide counseling to participants, if needed. Vending Machines appear to be feasible technologies that can be used to distribute HIV testing kits.

Jamie F Chriqui - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • how state taxes and policies targeting soda consumption modify the association between school Vending Machines and student dietary behaviors a cross sectional analysis
    PLOS ONE, 2014
    Co-Authors: Daniel R Taber, Jamie F Chriqui, Renee Vuillaume, Frank J Chaloupka
    Abstract:

    Background Sodas are widely sold in Vending Machines and other school venues in the United States, particularly in high school. Research suggests that policy changes have reduced soda access, but the impact of reduced access on consumption is unclear. This study was designed to identify student, environmental, or policy characteristics that modify the associations between school Vending Machines and student dietary behaviors. Methods Data on school Vending machine access and student diet were obtained as part of the National Youth Physical Activity and Nutrition Study (NYPANS) and linked to state-level data on soda taxes, restaurant taxes, and state laws governing the sale of soda in schools. Regression models were used to: 1) estimate associations between Vending machine access and soda consumption, fast food consumption, and lunch source, and 2) determine if associations were modified by state soda taxes, restaurant taxes, laws banning in-school soda sales, or student characteristics (race/ethnicity, sex, home food access, weight loss behaviors.) Results Contrary to the hypothesis, students tended to consume 0.53 fewer servings of soda/week (95% CI: -1.17, 0.11) and consume fast food on 0.24 fewer days/week (95% CI: -0.44, -0.05) if they had in-school access to Vending Machines. They were also less likely to consume soda daily (23.9% vs. 27.9%, average difference = -4.02, 95% CI: -7.28, -0.76). However, these inverse associations were observed primarily among states with lower soda and restaurant tax rates (relative to general food tax rates) and states that did not ban in-school soda sales. Associations did not vary by any student characteristics except for weight loss behaviors. Conclusion Isolated changes to the school food environment may have unintended consequences unless policymakers incorporate other initiatives designed to discourage overall soda consumption.

  • state sales tax rates for soft drinks and snacks sold through grocery stores and Vending Machines 2007
    Journal of Public Health Policy, 2008
    Co-Authors: Jamie F Chriqui, Shelby Smith Eidson, Hannalori Bates, Shelly Kowalczyk, Frank J Chaloupka
    Abstract:

    Junk food consumption is associated with rising obesity rates in the United States. While a “junk food” specific tax is a potential public health intervention, a majority of states already impose sales taxes on certain junk food and soft drinks. This study reviews the state sales tax variance for soft drinks and selected snack products sold through grocery stores and Vending Machines as of January 2007. Sales taxes vary by state, intended retail location (grocery store vs. Vending machine), and product. Vended snacks and soft drinks are taxed at a higher rate than grocery items and other food products, generally, indicative of a “disfavored” tax status attributed to vended items. Soft drinks, candy, and gum are taxed at higher rates than are other items examined. Similar tax schemes in other countries and the potential implications of these findings relative to the relationship between price and consumption are discussed.

Jeffrey D Klausner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Vending Machines in commercial sex venues to increase hiv self testing among men who have sex with men
    mHealth, 2018
    Co-Authors: Chrysovalantis Stafylis, Sean D Young, Lauren Natoli, Jamie Murkey, Kristie K Gordon, Mark R Mcgrath, Jeffrey D Klausner
    Abstract:

    Background: Commercial sex venues (CSV), bathhouses and sex clubs, have a long history of serving a high-risk population. In those facilities, patrons engage in multiple sexual encounters and often in high-risk sexual behaviors. Designing prevention interventions specifically for CSVs could be an effective way to increase testing and control HIV transmission. Methods: In collaboration with the AIDS Healthcare Foundation (AHF), our team distributed free HIV self-test kits using Vending Machines located at two CSVs in Los Angeles, California. Test kit dispensing rate was monitored remotely. Patrons receiving a test kit were surveyed regarding their testing experience, test result and follow up. Linkage to care was offered to participants. Results: During 18 months, 1,398 kits were dispensed. The survey was completed by 110 patrons (response rate =7.9%). Among those who reported that they used the test kit (n=96), 17 (17.7%) participants reported a first-time reactive HIV result. At the time of the survey, six participants with reactive results reported seeking confirmatory testing and linkage to care and four had initiated treatment. Two participants requested linkage-to-care assistance. Participants reported valuing the privacy and convenience of the Vending machine but were skeptical on the accuracy of their result. The startup cost, including the purchase of two Vending Machines, was $10,000 and the recurring cost (monitoring, test kits, personnel) was $33.81 per kit vended. Conclusions: While survey response was low, our results demonstrate that an intervention using Vending Machines and HIV self-test kits in CSVs was acceptable, feasible, used by the CSV patrons and can help identify new HIV cases.

  • acceptability of using electronic Vending Machines to deliver oral rapid hiv self testing kits a qualitative study
    PLOS ONE, 2014
    Co-Authors: Sean D Young, Joseph Daniels, Chingche J Chiu, Robert K Bolan, Risa Flynn, Justin Kwok, Jeffrey D Klausner
    Abstract:

    Introduction: Rates of unrecognized HIV infection are significantly higher among Latino and Black men who have sex with men (MSM). Policy makers have proposed that HIV self-testing kits and new methods for delivering self-testing could improve testing uptake among minority MSM. This study sought to conduct qualitative assessments with MSM of color to determine the acceptability of using electronic Vending Machines to dispense HIV self-testing kits. Materials and Methods: African American and Latino MSM were recruited using a participant pool from an existing HIV prevention trial on Facebook. If participants expressed interest in using a Vending machine to receive an HIV self-testing kit, they were emailed a 4-digit personal identification number (PIN) code to retrieve the test from the machine. We followed up with those who had tested to assess their willingness to participate in an interview about their experience. Results: Twelve kits were dispensed and 8 interviews were conducted. In general, participants expressed that the Vending machine was an acceptable HIV test delivery method due to its novelty and convenience. Discussion: Acceptability of this delivery model for HIV testing kits was closely associated with three main factors: credibility, confidentiality, and convenience. Future research is needed to address issues, such as user-induced errors and costs, before scaling up the dispensing method.