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Robert Kleiman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Characterization of Vernonia galamensis germplasm for seed oil content, fatty Acid composition, seed weight, and chromosome number
Industrial Crops and Products, 1994Co-Authors: A. E. Thompson, David A. Dierig, Robert KleimanAbstract:Abstract Vernonia galamensis (Cass.) Less. has potential for domestication as a new industrial oilseed source of natural epoxy fatty Acids. Thirty-four accessions from the six subspecies of the Vernonia galamensis complex were characterized for seed weight, seed oil content, and fatty Acid composition. The mean seed weight of the six subspecies was 3.42 g/1000 seeds, with a range of 2.46 g to 5.43 g for ssp. mutomensis and ssp. afromontana, respectively. The mean seed oil content for the six subspecies was 30.8%, ranging from 25.1% to 39.2% for ssp. mutomoensis and ssp. lushotoensis, respectively. The 18:1 epoxy fatty Acid (Vernolic Acid) was predominant. The mean Vernolic Acid content for the six subspecies was 72.5%, and ranged from 66.9% to 76.6% for ssp. mutomoensis and ssp. lushotoensis, respectively. Within the four varieties of ssp. galamensis, in which most of the current domestication effort is centered, oil contents ranged from 31.8% to 38.4%, and 18:1 epoxy fatty Acid ranged from 68.0% to 77.0%. Mean levels of other fatty Acids within the species were about 14% for linoleic Acid (18:2), 7% for oleic Acid (18:1), and from 2 to 3% for both palmitic Acid (16:0) and stearic Acid (18:0). The basic chromosome number for Vernonia galamensis was found to be n = 9. It was concluded that selection for improved levels of both oil and Vernolic Acid contents should be possible within a germplasm enhancement and plant breeding program.
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Variation in Vernonia galamensis flowering characteristics, seed oil and Vernolic Acid contents
Industrial Crops and Products, 1994Co-Authors: A. E. Thompson, David A. Dierig, Robert KleimanAbstract:Abstract Considerable variation in plant and flower characteristics was observed among seventeen accessions of the Vernonia galamensis (Cass.) Less. complex, including representatives of all but one subspecies. With the exception of ssp. nairobensis, a high percentage of plants of all accessions had flowered by 121 days after planting (DAP) in Arizona on the 9th of January. Mean days to flower for various accessions varied from 37 to 121 days, and those flowering by 121 DAP had mean numbers of capitula ranging from 0.1 to 86 per plant. Fully mature capitula on accessions ranged from 0 to 55%, and plant height varied from 23 to 88 cm at 121 DAP. Seeds of five accessions from three subspecies harvested at full maturity had significantly higher oil and Vernolic Acid contents, and seed weights than comparable samples harvested at a less mature stage when involucres surrounding maturing seeds were still green in color. Seeds of uniform lots of the day-neutral accession of V. galamensis ssp. galamensis var. petitiana [A 20295 (V 029)], grown at six locations throughout the United States, had highly significant differences in oil percentage (34.5–44.3%), Vernolic Acid content (61.0–80.0%), and seed weight (1.87–2.91 g/1000). Although environmental factors play a significant role in seed oil and Vernolic Acid contents, and seed weight, there appears to be no serious constraints to the ultimate domestication and commercialization of vernonia for production in temperate areas. However, considerable genetic improvement is required, and further evaluation, selection, and development of germplasm within various climatic and geographical locations will be necessary to maximize adaptation and yield.
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Germplasm development of Vernonia galamensis as a new industrial oilseed crop
Industrial Crops and Products, 1994Co-Authors: A. E. Thompson, David A. Dierig, E.r. Johnson, G.h. Dahlquist, Robert KleimanAbstract:Abstract Genetic transfer of the day-neutral flowering habit found in Vernonia galamensis ssp. galamensis var. petitiana [A 20295 (V 029)] has been successfully accomplished by intraspecific hybridization. Crosses were made in 1990–1991 utilizing var. petitiana as the female parent and five other accessions from the V. galamensis complex as male parents. The F 1 progenies of the crosses were grown in the greenhouse in 1991–1992. Single plant selections were made within F 2 and F 3 field-grown populations in 1992 and 1993, respectively, in Arizona and various locations throughout the continental United States. Seed increase of selected F 3 plants was made in Puerto Rico in 1993–1994 for wide-scale evaluation, further selection, and initiation of agronomic crop production research. Selection for rapid germination in the seedling stage in F 2 and F 3 populations was effective in minimizing seed dormancy. Early germination, nine days after planting, increased from 10.9 ± 1.6% for the F 2 's, to 34.3 ± 1.8% for the F 3 's. Among the 59 F 2 crosses grown under long-day conditions in the field in 1992, the percentage of F 2 plants flowering ranged from 31% to 100%, with a mean of 77.3 ± 2.5%. Flowering percentage of F 3 progenies from within 38 crosses increased to 94.2 ± 1.6% with a range of 50% to 100%. Mean seed weights of greenhouse-grown F 1 's was 5.73 ± 0.12 g/1000. Field-grown F 2 's and F 3 's had smaller seed weights, 2.50 ± 0.05 and 2.11 ± 0.06 g/1000, respectively. The F 1 's also had higher seed oil and Vernolic Acid contents (39.8 ± 0.4% and 80.8 ± 0.4%) as compared to the F 2 's (33.2 ± 0.4% and 62.0 ± 1.0%) and the F 3 's (32.1 ± 0.6% and 64.9 ± 0.8%). The relatively wide range in seed weight, and in oil and Vernolic Acid contents in both F 2 's and F 3 's demonstrate that directed selection for these yield factors should be effective. High genotype × environment interaction suggests that plant selection and evaluation should be conducted over a range of geographic and climatic conditions within the temperate zone to identify the most favorable production sites. The rapid progress made within the past five years indicates that commercialization of vernonia as a new industrial oilseed could be a reality within the next seven to ten years.
David A. Dierig - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Vernonia oilseed production in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States.
Industrial Crops and Products, 2000Co-Authors: H. L. Bhardwaj, A. A. Hamama, M. Rangappa, David A. DierigAbstract:Abstract Epoxidized oils, manufactured by chemical epoxidation of fats and vegetable oils such as soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.], are useful in reformulation of oil based (alkyd-resin) paints to reduce emissions of volatile organic compounds that contribute to production of smog. Other potential markets for epoxy fatty Acids include plasticizers, additives to polyvinyl chloride, polymer blends and coatings, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical applications. Currently, no oilseed crop has been commercialized as a source of natural epoxidized oils. However, Vernonia galamensis (Cass.) Less. has been identified to have potential for domestication as a new industrial oilseed source of natural epoxy fatty Acids. The main objective of this research was to evaluate feasibility of vernonia production in mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Specifically, we wanted to evaluate available vernonia germplasm for seed yield, oil content, and oil quality, and to determine suitable production practices. The seed yield (kg/ha) in field experiments conducted from 1994, 1995, and 1996 at Randolph Farm of Virginia State University (37°15′N and 77°30.8′W), with a selected group of vernonia lines, ranged from 490 to 1288, 494 to 1394, and 1070 to 1934, respectively. Oil content ranged from 30.2 to 36.7% and 32.1 to 39.2%, respectively for 1995 and 1996 and the Vernolic Acid content ranged from 68.9 to 74.7% and 69.1 to 75.6%. A significant positive correlation ( r =0.34) between oil content and Vernolic Acid content indicated that both these characteristics could be improved simultaneously. The highest seed yield was obtained with 100 kg N/ha. A pre-plant-incorporated application of Trifluralin herbicide at 0.5 kg/ha a.i. did not reduce vernonia stand establishment. Seedhead shattering was observed to be a limitation in the evaluated vernonia germplasm. These results indicate that commercial vernonia production in Virginia and other areas in the mid-Atlantic region of United States may be feasible.
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Characterization of Vernonia galamensis germplasm for seed oil content, fatty Acid composition, seed weight, and chromosome number
Industrial Crops and Products, 1994Co-Authors: A. E. Thompson, David A. Dierig, Robert KleimanAbstract:Abstract Vernonia galamensis (Cass.) Less. has potential for domestication as a new industrial oilseed source of natural epoxy fatty Acids. Thirty-four accessions from the six subspecies of the Vernonia galamensis complex were characterized for seed weight, seed oil content, and fatty Acid composition. The mean seed weight of the six subspecies was 3.42 g/1000 seeds, with a range of 2.46 g to 5.43 g for ssp. mutomensis and ssp. afromontana, respectively. The mean seed oil content for the six subspecies was 30.8%, ranging from 25.1% to 39.2% for ssp. mutomoensis and ssp. lushotoensis, respectively. The 18:1 epoxy fatty Acid (Vernolic Acid) was predominant. The mean Vernolic Acid content for the six subspecies was 72.5%, and ranged from 66.9% to 76.6% for ssp. mutomoensis and ssp. lushotoensis, respectively. Within the four varieties of ssp. galamensis, in which most of the current domestication effort is centered, oil contents ranged from 31.8% to 38.4%, and 18:1 epoxy fatty Acid ranged from 68.0% to 77.0%. Mean levels of other fatty Acids within the species were about 14% for linoleic Acid (18:2), 7% for oleic Acid (18:1), and from 2 to 3% for both palmitic Acid (16:0) and stearic Acid (18:0). The basic chromosome number for Vernonia galamensis was found to be n = 9. It was concluded that selection for improved levels of both oil and Vernolic Acid contents should be possible within a germplasm enhancement and plant breeding program.
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Variation in Vernonia galamensis flowering characteristics, seed oil and Vernolic Acid contents
Industrial Crops and Products, 1994Co-Authors: A. E. Thompson, David A. Dierig, Robert KleimanAbstract:Abstract Considerable variation in plant and flower characteristics was observed among seventeen accessions of the Vernonia galamensis (Cass.) Less. complex, including representatives of all but one subspecies. With the exception of ssp. nairobensis, a high percentage of plants of all accessions had flowered by 121 days after planting (DAP) in Arizona on the 9th of January. Mean days to flower for various accessions varied from 37 to 121 days, and those flowering by 121 DAP had mean numbers of capitula ranging from 0.1 to 86 per plant. Fully mature capitula on accessions ranged from 0 to 55%, and plant height varied from 23 to 88 cm at 121 DAP. Seeds of five accessions from three subspecies harvested at full maturity had significantly higher oil and Vernolic Acid contents, and seed weights than comparable samples harvested at a less mature stage when involucres surrounding maturing seeds were still green in color. Seeds of uniform lots of the day-neutral accession of V. galamensis ssp. galamensis var. petitiana [A 20295 (V 029)], grown at six locations throughout the United States, had highly significant differences in oil percentage (34.5–44.3%), Vernolic Acid content (61.0–80.0%), and seed weight (1.87–2.91 g/1000). Although environmental factors play a significant role in seed oil and Vernolic Acid contents, and seed weight, there appears to be no serious constraints to the ultimate domestication and commercialization of vernonia for production in temperate areas. However, considerable genetic improvement is required, and further evaluation, selection, and development of germplasm within various climatic and geographical locations will be necessary to maximize adaptation and yield.
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Germplasm development of Vernonia galamensis as a new industrial oilseed crop
Industrial Crops and Products, 1994Co-Authors: A. E. Thompson, David A. Dierig, E.r. Johnson, G.h. Dahlquist, Robert KleimanAbstract:Abstract Genetic transfer of the day-neutral flowering habit found in Vernonia galamensis ssp. galamensis var. petitiana [A 20295 (V 029)] has been successfully accomplished by intraspecific hybridization. Crosses were made in 1990–1991 utilizing var. petitiana as the female parent and five other accessions from the V. galamensis complex as male parents. The F 1 progenies of the crosses were grown in the greenhouse in 1991–1992. Single plant selections were made within F 2 and F 3 field-grown populations in 1992 and 1993, respectively, in Arizona and various locations throughout the continental United States. Seed increase of selected F 3 plants was made in Puerto Rico in 1993–1994 for wide-scale evaluation, further selection, and initiation of agronomic crop production research. Selection for rapid germination in the seedling stage in F 2 and F 3 populations was effective in minimizing seed dormancy. Early germination, nine days after planting, increased from 10.9 ± 1.6% for the F 2 's, to 34.3 ± 1.8% for the F 3 's. Among the 59 F 2 crosses grown under long-day conditions in the field in 1992, the percentage of F 2 plants flowering ranged from 31% to 100%, with a mean of 77.3 ± 2.5%. Flowering percentage of F 3 progenies from within 38 crosses increased to 94.2 ± 1.6% with a range of 50% to 100%. Mean seed weights of greenhouse-grown F 1 's was 5.73 ± 0.12 g/1000. Field-grown F 2 's and F 3 's had smaller seed weights, 2.50 ± 0.05 and 2.11 ± 0.06 g/1000, respectively. The F 1 's also had higher seed oil and Vernolic Acid contents (39.8 ± 0.4% and 80.8 ± 0.4%) as compared to the F 2 's (33.2 ± 0.4% and 62.0 ± 1.0%) and the F 3 's (32.1 ± 0.6% and 64.9 ± 0.8%). The relatively wide range in seed weight, and in oil and Vernolic Acid contents in both F 2 's and F 3 's demonstrate that directed selection for these yield factors should be effective. High genotype × environment interaction suggests that plant selection and evaluation should be conducted over a range of geographic and climatic conditions within the temperate zone to identify the most favorable production sites. The rapid progress made within the past five years indicates that commercialization of vernonia as a new industrial oilseed could be a reality within the next seven to ten years.
Kallappa M Hosamani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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occurrence of unusual fatty Acids in ficus benghalensis seed oil
Industrial Crops and Products, 2003Co-Authors: Kallappa M Hosamani, Raviraj S PattanashettarAbstract:Abstract Ficus benghalensis is a rich source of oil containing unusual fatty Acids which could be used for industrial utilization. F. benghalensis seed oil is found to contain Vernolic Acid (8.2%), malvalic Acid (3.7%) and sterculic Acid (1.6%) along with the other normal fatty Acids like lauric Acid (1.5%), myristic Acid (1.3%), palmitic Acid (35.2%), stearic Acid (4.2%), oleic Acid (20.3%), linoleic Acid (15.4%) and linolenic Acid (8.7%). Vernolic, malvalic, sterculic and other normal fatty Acids have been identified and characterized by UV, FTIR, 1H NMR, MS, TLC, GLC-techniques and chemical degradations.
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Analysis of Cassia marginata and Cassia corymbosa seed oils: An approach for the industrial utilization
Industrial Crops and Products, 2003Co-Authors: Kallappa M Hosamani, Raghavendra M. SattigeriAbstract:Cassia marginata, Roxb and Cassia corymbosa, Linn seed oils contain unusual fatty Acids like Vernolic Acid (8.5 and 9.2%), malvalic Acid (3.5 and 3.2%) and sterculic Acid (2.6 and 2.8%). They also contain palmitic Acid (17.3 and 17.2%), palmitoleic (trace and 7.4%), stearic Acid (4.5 and 4.2%), oleic Acid (14.2 and 14.8%) and linoleic Acid (49.4 and 41.2%), respectively. These fatty Acids were determined and characterized by UV, FTIR, 1H NMR, MS, GLC-techniques and chemical degradations.
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Unique occurrence of unusual fatty Acids in Ochrocarpus africanus seed oil
Industrial Crops and Products, 2003Co-Authors: Kallappa M Hosamani, Savita S. GanjihalAbstract:Abstract The seed oils containing unusual fatty Acids are being exploited for industrial utilization and are highly important to the production of oleochemicals. Ochrocarpus africanus belongs to Guttiferea plant family which is a rich source of viscous, non-edible and renewable crude oil (30.0%) containing ricinoleic Acid (20.0%), Vernolic Acid (12.0%), malvalic Acid (6.0%) and sterculic Acid (4.0%) as its unusual fatty Acids along with the other normal fatty Acids like lauric Acid (1.1%), myristic Acid (1.3%), palmitic Acid (28.2%), stearic Acid (27.4%), oleic Acid (trace) and linoleic Acid (trace). The present investigation describes the unique occurrence of unusual fatty Acids in O. africanus seed oil as well as in Guttiferea plant family. These fatty Acids have been characterized by UV, FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS, GLC-techniques and chemical degradations.
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Industrial utilization of Rivea ornata seed oil: a moderate source of Vernolic Acid
Industrial Crops and Products, 2000Co-Authors: Kallappa M Hosamani, Raghavendra M. SattigeriAbstract:Rivea ornata seed oil was found to contain 12,13-epoxy-octadec-cis-9-enoic Acid (Vernolic Acid, 22.0%) along with the other normal fatty Acids like palmitic Acid (24.2%), stearic Acid (8.9%), oleic Acid (17.1%) and linoleic Acid (27.8%). The identification and characterization was based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H-NMR, mass spectrometry (MS), gas–liquid chromatography (GLC)-techniques and chemical degradations.
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A minor source of Vernolic, malvalic, and sterculic Acids inPithecollobium dulce (syn.Inga dulcis) seed oil
Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 1995Co-Authors: Kallappa M HosamaniAbstract:Pithecollobium dulce , Benth (syn. Inga dulcis , Willd) seed oil, belonging to the Leguminosae plant family, contains minor amounts of Vernolic Acid (12,13-epoxy-octadec- cis -9-enoic Acid, 10.0%), malvalic Acid [7-(2-octacyclopropen-1-yl)heptanoic Acid, 3.2%], and sterculic Acid [8-(2-octacyclopropen-1-yl)octanoic Acid, 2.0%]. The other normal fatty Acids are palmitic (12.1%), stearic (4.2%), behenic (10.6%), oleic (34.1%), and linoleic (23.8%). These fatty Acids have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared,^1H nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and gas-liquid chromatography techniques and by chemical degradations.
A. E. Thompson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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867 PB 546 FLOWERING RESPONSE, SEED OIL, AND Vernolic Acid CONTENTS OF VERNONIA GALAMENSIS INTRASPECIFIC HYBRIDS
HortScience, 1994Co-Authors: D. A. Dierig, A. E. Thompson, Earl R. Johnson, Gail H. DahlquistAbstract:Vernonia galamensis is a potential new crop for production of epoxidized oil with many industrial applications. This plant is native to equatorial Africa, and not adapted for culture in temperate zones since it requires a short daylength to initiate flowering and subsequent seed development. One collection of V. galamensis ssp. galamensis var. petitiana, flowered freely and produced seeds during long-day conditions throughout the United States. This variety lacks important plant characters for successful commercialization. The favorable genetic recombination of day-neutral response with more desirable plant growth characteristics, desirable seed oil and fatty Acid content from other accessions of V. galamensis has been accomplished in hybrids and segregating populations, and selections are being widely evaluated throughout the U.S..
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Characterization of Vernonia galamensis germplasm for seed oil content, fatty Acid composition, seed weight, and chromosome number
Industrial Crops and Products, 1994Co-Authors: A. E. Thompson, David A. Dierig, Robert KleimanAbstract:Abstract Vernonia galamensis (Cass.) Less. has potential for domestication as a new industrial oilseed source of natural epoxy fatty Acids. Thirty-four accessions from the six subspecies of the Vernonia galamensis complex were characterized for seed weight, seed oil content, and fatty Acid composition. The mean seed weight of the six subspecies was 3.42 g/1000 seeds, with a range of 2.46 g to 5.43 g for ssp. mutomensis and ssp. afromontana, respectively. The mean seed oil content for the six subspecies was 30.8%, ranging from 25.1% to 39.2% for ssp. mutomoensis and ssp. lushotoensis, respectively. The 18:1 epoxy fatty Acid (Vernolic Acid) was predominant. The mean Vernolic Acid content for the six subspecies was 72.5%, and ranged from 66.9% to 76.6% for ssp. mutomoensis and ssp. lushotoensis, respectively. Within the four varieties of ssp. galamensis, in which most of the current domestication effort is centered, oil contents ranged from 31.8% to 38.4%, and 18:1 epoxy fatty Acid ranged from 68.0% to 77.0%. Mean levels of other fatty Acids within the species were about 14% for linoleic Acid (18:2), 7% for oleic Acid (18:1), and from 2 to 3% for both palmitic Acid (16:0) and stearic Acid (18:0). The basic chromosome number for Vernonia galamensis was found to be n = 9. It was concluded that selection for improved levels of both oil and Vernolic Acid contents should be possible within a germplasm enhancement and plant breeding program.
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Variation in Vernonia galamensis flowering characteristics, seed oil and Vernolic Acid contents
Industrial Crops and Products, 1994Co-Authors: A. E. Thompson, David A. Dierig, Robert KleimanAbstract:Abstract Considerable variation in plant and flower characteristics was observed among seventeen accessions of the Vernonia galamensis (Cass.) Less. complex, including representatives of all but one subspecies. With the exception of ssp. nairobensis, a high percentage of plants of all accessions had flowered by 121 days after planting (DAP) in Arizona on the 9th of January. Mean days to flower for various accessions varied from 37 to 121 days, and those flowering by 121 DAP had mean numbers of capitula ranging from 0.1 to 86 per plant. Fully mature capitula on accessions ranged from 0 to 55%, and plant height varied from 23 to 88 cm at 121 DAP. Seeds of five accessions from three subspecies harvested at full maturity had significantly higher oil and Vernolic Acid contents, and seed weights than comparable samples harvested at a less mature stage when involucres surrounding maturing seeds were still green in color. Seeds of uniform lots of the day-neutral accession of V. galamensis ssp. galamensis var. petitiana [A 20295 (V 029)], grown at six locations throughout the United States, had highly significant differences in oil percentage (34.5–44.3%), Vernolic Acid content (61.0–80.0%), and seed weight (1.87–2.91 g/1000). Although environmental factors play a significant role in seed oil and Vernolic Acid contents, and seed weight, there appears to be no serious constraints to the ultimate domestication and commercialization of vernonia for production in temperate areas. However, considerable genetic improvement is required, and further evaluation, selection, and development of germplasm within various climatic and geographical locations will be necessary to maximize adaptation and yield.
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Germplasm development of Vernonia galamensis as a new industrial oilseed crop
Industrial Crops and Products, 1994Co-Authors: A. E. Thompson, David A. Dierig, E.r. Johnson, G.h. Dahlquist, Robert KleimanAbstract:Abstract Genetic transfer of the day-neutral flowering habit found in Vernonia galamensis ssp. galamensis var. petitiana [A 20295 (V 029)] has been successfully accomplished by intraspecific hybridization. Crosses were made in 1990–1991 utilizing var. petitiana as the female parent and five other accessions from the V. galamensis complex as male parents. The F 1 progenies of the crosses were grown in the greenhouse in 1991–1992. Single plant selections were made within F 2 and F 3 field-grown populations in 1992 and 1993, respectively, in Arizona and various locations throughout the continental United States. Seed increase of selected F 3 plants was made in Puerto Rico in 1993–1994 for wide-scale evaluation, further selection, and initiation of agronomic crop production research. Selection for rapid germination in the seedling stage in F 2 and F 3 populations was effective in minimizing seed dormancy. Early germination, nine days after planting, increased from 10.9 ± 1.6% for the F 2 's, to 34.3 ± 1.8% for the F 3 's. Among the 59 F 2 crosses grown under long-day conditions in the field in 1992, the percentage of F 2 plants flowering ranged from 31% to 100%, with a mean of 77.3 ± 2.5%. Flowering percentage of F 3 progenies from within 38 crosses increased to 94.2 ± 1.6% with a range of 50% to 100%. Mean seed weights of greenhouse-grown F 1 's was 5.73 ± 0.12 g/1000. Field-grown F 2 's and F 3 's had smaller seed weights, 2.50 ± 0.05 and 2.11 ± 0.06 g/1000, respectively. The F 1 's also had higher seed oil and Vernolic Acid contents (39.8 ± 0.4% and 80.8 ± 0.4%) as compared to the F 2 's (33.2 ± 0.4% and 62.0 ± 1.0%) and the F 3 's (32.1 ± 0.6% and 64.9 ± 0.8%). The relatively wide range in seed weight, and in oil and Vernolic Acid contents in both F 2 's and F 3 's demonstrate that directed selection for these yield factors should be effective. High genotype × environment interaction suggests that plant selection and evaluation should be conducted over a range of geographic and climatic conditions within the temperate zone to identify the most favorable production sites. The rapid progress made within the past five years indicates that commercialization of vernonia as a new industrial oilseed could be a reality within the next seven to ten years.
R J Wallace - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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vernonia galamensis and Vernolic Acid inhibit fatty Acid biohydrogenation in vitro
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2016Co-Authors: E Ramosmorales, A. Hugo, N Mckain, R M A Gawad, R J WallaceAbstract:Substituted long-chain fatty Acids may be useful dietary supplements to suppress ruminal biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty Acids (UFA) and thereby increase the flow of UFA to meat and milk. The aim of this study was to determine if Vernonia galamensis (ironweed, a member of the sunflower family) and Vernolic Acid (cis-12,13-epoxy-cis-9-octadecenoic Acid), the main constituent of the seed oil, affected the biohydrogenation of linoleic Acid (LA; cis-9,cis-12-18:2) to rumenic Acid (CLA; cis-9, trans-11-18:2), vaccenic Acid (VA; trans-11-18:1) and stearic Acid (SA; 18:0) by ruminal microorganisms. Ruminal digesta from four sheep receiving a mixed hay-concentrate diet were incubated in vitro with LA (0.2 g/L) ± 0.2 g/L Vernolic Acid or 5 g/L of dried flowers or leaves of V. galamensis, either alone or combined. Vernolic Acid had a substantial effect on LA metabolism, causing decreases in cis-9, trans-11 CLA and VA accumulation as well as SA production (P < 0.05). Vernolic Acid inhibited growth of the rumen fatty Acid-biohydrogenating bacterium, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens but not B. proteoclasticus at 0.025 g/L; neither species grew at 0.05 g/L. An inhibition of the metabolism of LA as well as a decrease in the accumulation of cis-9, trans-11 CLA and a slowdown in its metabolism were observed in the presence of flowers, leaves and a combination of both (P < 0.05). However, only incubations with flowers, either alone or with leaves, resulted in higher accumulation of VA (P ≤ 0.05). Vernolic Acid, constituted 2% of the total fatty Acid content of flowers whereas it was not detected in leaves of V. galamensis. Thus, the greater accumulation of VA observed with flowers of V. galamensis was probably due to other components rather than Vernolic Acid. It was concluded that Vernolic Acid and V. galamensis inhibit the biohydrogenation of LA in vitro. V. galamensis could potentially be used as an additive to alter ruminal biohydrogenation, leading to greater concentrations of cis-9, trans-11 CLA in meat and milk. Evaluation of V. galamensis in vivo is required to confirm the present in vitro observations.
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Vernonia galamensis and Vernolic Acid inhibit fatty Acid biohydrogenation in vitro
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2016Co-Authors: E. Ramos-morales, A. Hugo, N Mckain, R M A Gawad, R J WallaceAbstract:Substituted long-chain fatty Acids may be useful dietary supplements to suppress ruminal biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty Acids (UFA) and thereby increase the flow of UFA to meat and milk. The aim of this study was to determine if Vernonia galamensis (ironweed, a member of the sunflower family) and Vernolic Acid (cis-12,13-epoxy-cis-9-octadecenoic Acid), the main constituent of the seed oil, affected the biohydrogenation of linoleic Acid (LA; cis-9,cis-12-18:2) to rumenic Acid (CLA; cis-9, trans-11-18:2), vaccenic Acid (VA; trans-11-18:1) and stearic Acid (SA; 18:0) by ruminal microorganisms. Ruminal digesta from four sheep receiving a mixed hay-concentrate diet were incubated in vitro with LA (0.2 g/L) ± 0.2 g/L Vernolic Acid or 5 g/L of dried flowers or leaves of V. galamensis, either alone or combined. Vernolic Acid had a substantial effect on LA metabolism, causing decreases in cis-9, trans-11 CLA and VA accumulation as well as SA production (P
